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Biomedical subjects

E Straumann

Publications and source records attributed to E Straumann.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Intensified insulin therapy in Type 1 diabetes. Results of a 1-year treatment using the basic-bolus principle in hard-to-control diabetic patients].

Thirty-six adult type 1 diabetics, whose metabolic control was unsatisfactory on conventional insulin treatment or on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, were treated for an average of 13 months by the basis-bolus insulin regimen using pen-like insulin injectors. HbAlc-values improved from 8.1% before to 6.7% at the end of the observation period, with the same daily injected amount of insulin (39 +/- 2 IU/d before, 38.7 +/- 2 IU/d after switching to the new regimen). The number of hypoglycemic events did not increase with the new insulin regimen. Acceptability was good. Flexibility as to the timing of meals and easy handling of the device were considered the main advantages of the new system. Some patients were bothered by the need for intensified self-monitoring of blood glucose. The insulin regimen according to the basis-bolus principle using pen-like injectors led to an improvement of both metabolic control of the patients and their quality of life. It is, however, mandatory that they are properly instructed and willing to perform regular home monitoring of blood glucose.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of cortisol and epinephrine in the regulation of leucine kinetics in man.

To assess the interaction of the two major stress hormones epinephrine and cortisol in the regulation of leucine kinetics in man, epinephrine (50 ng/kg/min) was infused either alone or in combination with cortisol (2 micrograms/kg/min) into two groups of 6 postabsorptive normal male subjects during 180 min. Plasma leucine concentrations decreased by 28% (p less than 0.05) from baseline during epinephrine treatment (plasma levels 515 pg/ml); this was due to a decrease of leucine appearance (determined by 1-13C-leucine infusions) by 23% (p less than 0.025); leucine oxidation decreased by 29% (p less than 0.05). However, when plasma cortisol concentrations were elevated to supraphysiological levels (16.3 mumol/l) during epinephrine administration, the decreases of leucine plasma concentrations, appearance and oxidation were abolished. Plasma glucose and FFA concentrations were similarly elevated during both kinds of treatment. Since leucine appearance represents a measurement of total body protein breakdown and leucine disappearance into non-oxidative pathways reflects protein synthesis, the data indicate that plasma epinephrine concentrations during severe stress exert a protein anabolic effect in man which may counteract catabolic properties of elevated plasma cortisol.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Modification of urinary pH through ascorbic acid].

The influence of orally administered ascorbic acid on the urinary pH of 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with infected urine was investigated. During a four-day period of investigation urinary pH and the concentration of ascorbic acid in the respective urines were measured five times a day. On the second and third day three times a dose of 2 g ascorbic acid was given, while the diet was under control all four days. A correlation between pH decrease and ascorbic acid concentration is only observed if the concentration of the latter is higher than 200 mg%. The mean decrease in urinary pH between days with ascorbic acid supply and days without is -0,16 pH units for the volunteers respectively -0,18 pH units for the patients. Therefore, vitamin C can not be recommended to lower the pH of alkaline urines.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protein metabolism assessed by 1-13C leucine infusions in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

Patients receiving cytoreductive therapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are known to develop marked protein catabolism. To assess the contribution of whole body protein breakdown, amino acid oxidation and incorporation into proteins, plasma leucine kinetics (1-13C-leucine infusion technique) were determined in six patients five times within 14 days before and after cytoreductive therapy (Cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation) and marrow transplantation. Nitrogen balance became negative (-0.20 +/- 0.04 g/Kg/24 hr) after cyclophosphamide (p less than 0.01) and was -0.25 +/- 0.05 g/Kg/24 hr 7 days after BMT in spite of total parenteral nutrition. Plasma leucine concentration increased after BMT by 67% (p less than 0.0015). Leucine plasma appearance was 1.20 +/- 0.15 mumol/kg/min before treatment, it increased slightly and transiently after cyclophosphamide, and increased again from day 5 to day 7 after BMT (p less than 0.01), suggesting increased protein break-down. Leucine oxidation increased from 0.27 +/- 0.07 before therapy to 0.97 +/- 0.16 mumol/kg/min (p less than 0.02) after cyclophosphamide and BMT. Nonoxidative leucine disappearance rate decreased slightly from 0.92 +/- 0.08 to 0.75 +/- 0.16 mumol/kg/min after BMT (ns). Leucine metabolic clearance rate decreased from 11.8 +/- 1.65 before therapy to 6.9 +/- 0.70 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.02) after cytoreductive therapy. After BMT it increased again to 9.9 +/- 1.5 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.02). The results demonstrate that patients undergoing cytoreductive therapy and bone marrow transplantation develop negative nitrogen balance due to increased protein breakdown associated with increased leucine oxidation and increased metabolic clearance rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗