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Biomedical subjects

E Stennert

Publications and source records attributed to E Stennert.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Actual diagnostic problems in facial nerve palsy (author's transl)].

From the great number of diagnostic attempts in facial nerve palsy the main procedures are summerized in this article with an evaluation of their significance. The demonstrated limitations of their clinical relevance should lead to a careful assessment of their results. However, a clinically worthwhile concept for functional and topographical diagnoses can be proposed. In each case of facial nerve palsy it is necessary to exclude all other etiological factors before the diagnose of Bell's palsy is made. The importance of early diagnose is stressed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1979

I. Hypoglossal facial anastomosis: its significance for modern facial surgery. II. Combined approach in extratemporal facial nerve reconstruction.

The difficulties encountered in extratemporial facial nerve reconstruction after extensive trauma or following resection of parotid tumors often lead to unsatisfactory functional and cosmetic results. So far it has been common practice to use as a "regenerative nerve," the original facial nerve. Using this procedure, however, frequently only a portion of the peripheral branches can be reanastomosed. Above all, the "autoparalytic syndrome" develops in this situation owing to undirected outgrowth of axons, and an aberration of the blinking-reflex motoneurons occurs. Experience has shown that the isolated use of a cross-face transplant is not suitable for satisfactory functional regeneration. Depending on the individual anatomic situation, a number of possibilities are therefore recommended for a combined approach using several "regenerative nerves." In this connection, the particular physiologic properties of these nerves have to be taken into account which can help to improve considerably the functional and cosmetic results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The etiology of neurosensory hearing defects in preterm infants.

We retrospectively investigated the influence of gestational age, perinatal risk, and the duration of incubator care periods in 193 surviving preterm infants with a gestational age between 28 and 36 weeks raised in our intensive care nursery incubators from 1965--1967. 24 (12.4%) of the children showed definite neurosensory hearing defects, which were particularly encountered in the high frequencies. No correlation could be substantiated between hearing difficulties and hyperbilirubinemia, streptomycin application and gestational age. This study does not support the assumption that the duration of noise exposure in currently used incubators is a major determinant for the development of deafness in otherwise healthy preterm infants. Our study did show, however, a strong correlation between the sum of all perinatal risk factors and neurosensory hearing loss.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1978

[Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath in association with synovialchondroma. An unusual tumor-combination at the temporomandibular joint (author's transl)].

A tumor at the temporomandibular joint is reported, which so far has not yet been described. Histologically it turned out to be a combination of synovialchondroma and giant cell tumor of tendon sheath. By reason of the microscopic picture and the course of 2 1/2 years without relapse it is a benign tumor. In postoperative x-rays of the mandible a thickening and sclerosis as well as cystic areas of increased translucence at the place of removal of the tumor were found, which had already existed preoperatively in a lower degree.

Giant Cell Tumors↗
PubMed1977

The ontogeny of sensory perception in preterm infants.

The extra- vs intrauterine development of both visual and auditory cortical evoked response patterns was compared at 33, 37 and 40 weeks conceptional age. The maturation of visual cortical evoked responses is retarded in infants at 37 and 40 weeks conceptional age when born with a gestational age of less than 32 weeks, which thus implies a long extrauterine life span. The maturation of the auditory cortical evoked responses is not influenced by premature exposure to the extrauterine environment. The results are explained on the basis of the particular central nervous system growth spurt periods and a thus defined vulnerable period of different brain structures.

Auditory Cortex↗
PubMed1977

[The trigemino-facial reflexes: a methodological approach to the evaluation of facial nerve function (author's transl)].

Since 1952 electromyographic registration of the trigemino-facial reflexes have been repeatedly described to evaluate facial nerve function. Comparable to peripheral nerve conduction velocity studies, this method enables us to detect intratemporal lesions. In order to obtain optimal results, we modified the registration technique of the trigemino-facial reflexes as regard to the following items: 1. Because of great interindividual variability of latencies and amplitudes this method should be used only by comparing the right and the left side. For a reliable assessment of both, recovery and detoriation of the facial nerve a standardized stimulation and recording technique is necessary. Stimulus strength should be defined by the applied current rather than voltage. 2. Since, in many cases, only certain neurones of the facial nerve are affected with different degree, important information is gained by recording not only from the M. orbicularis oculi but also from M. levator labii, M. zygomaticus and M. orbicularis oris. 3. In order to detect small reflex responses in severe and advanced cases, averaging technique should be applied. Thus, minute potentials hidden in the amplifier noise can be detected and clearly defined as either a stimulus dependent reflex response or unvoluntary muscle activity.

Evoked Potentials↗
PubMed1977

[Trigemino-facial reflex as a diagnostic aid in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis].

The blink reflex evoked by unilateral electrical stimulation was studied in 7 patients with Neurofibromatosis and 50 normal persons. Studing data of the early R1 reflex, there was no difference between normal persons and patients with von Recklinhausen disease. A slightly, but significantly increased reflex latency of the direct R2 was recognized in the majority of the patients with Neurofibromatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[An index for paresis and defective healing--an easily applied method for objectively determining therapeutic results in facial paresis (author's transl)].

Residuals of facial paralysis consist of a great variety of cosmetic and functional anomalies which differ in quality and/or quantity. An internationally standardized evaluation of such defects is mandatory for the assessment of the results of different therapeutic procedures. In the present study, a system has been developed to record the results of facial paralysis following therapy. Such a system does not require specialized training, instrumentation or require significant time for completion. A clearly-defined "Yes-No" evaluation criteria is established which creates a high interscorer reliability. The usefulness of this scoring system was tested by three examiners on 42 patients following facial nerve surgery, with an obtained interscorer reliability of 93%.

Eyelid Diseases↗
PubMed1976

[Prematurity, incubator noise and hearing disturbances (author's transl)].

1. An audiologic follow-up study was done on 62 children, ages 10-11 years. All children had been pre-term infants, with a gestational age between 29 and 35 weeks. They had been maintained in an incubator for a period of 21-61 days. The children had frequently received ototoxic antibiotics in the newborn period, and had been subject to many perinatal risk factors with a high "non-optimal score." 2. 44 children (71%) were found to be audiologically normal, whereas 8 (13%) had minor auditory defects and 10 (16%) had major hearing defects. 3. There was a significant correlation between hearing defects and the "non-optimal score": children with the most difficult perinatal course were more likely to develop hearing difficulties. 4. This study was unable to support the assumption that the hearing loss found was due to high incubator noise levels: (a) The incubator noise level was slightly below the probably dangerous limit for noise exposure. (b) There was no correlation between the hearing impairment and the length of incubator stay. (c) The type of hearing defect was not generally consistent with that associated with noise pollution.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Slow axonal regrowth but extreme hyperinnervation of target muscle after suture of the facial nerve in aged rats.

Unilateral transection and suture of the facial nerve was performed in 60 old rats (20 months of age). The time course of mimetic reinnervation was studied by counting all retrogradely labeled motoneurons in the facial nucleus after injection of HRP into the whiskerpad muscles for 14-112 days post operation. The comparison between these neuron counts and data for young rats yielded four conclusions. First, the qualitative equivalent of the phenomenon "misdirected reinnervation" in aged rats was the same as in young adults: HRP-labeled motoneurons were scattered throughout the facial nucleus lacking myotopic organization from 18 until 112 days post operation. Second, no age-related loss of motoneurons was detected. Third, the axonal regrowth was delayed in aged rats. Fourth, the postoperative hyperinnervation (the projection of more motoneurons into a muscle than under normal conditions, i.e., the quantitative aspect of misdirected reinnervation) was more than two times higher than in young rats. These data may provide reasonable explanations for the poor functional recovery after reconstructive surgery on the facial nerve in old patients.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathomechanisms in cell metabolism: a key to treatment of Bell's palsy.

In light of current research the classic theory on the vicious circle of Bell's palsy has to be reconsidered. New findings through electron microscopy and biochemistry concerning the structure and metabolism of cells have presented aspects which have consequences for treatment of the disease. These aspects deal mainly with the pathomechanisms of cell metabolism whose interactions also cause a vicious circle, leading to a breakdown of microcirculation and ultimately to the death of the cells due to hypoxia and acidosis. It is therefore suggested that the aim of an effective therapy must be the early normalization of cell metabolism by improving microcirculation. A fitting treatment protocol is presented and the extraordinarily good results are discussed.

Adolescent↗