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Biomedical subjects

E Steiner

Publications and source records attributed to E Steiner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Interferon gamma and iodide increase the inducibility of the 72 kD heat shock protein in cultured human thyroid epithelial cells.

The 72 kD heat shock protein (hsp 72) has been postulated to play a role in the development of autoimmune disease and has been shown to be overexpressed in the Graves' disease thyroid gland. The expression and modulation of the 72 kD heat shock protein were therefore studied in cultured human thyroid epithelial cells (TEC). TEC from normal thyroid tissue as well as from non-toxic goitres, thyroid adenomas and Graves' disease thyroids were analysed by Western blotting. Potential modulatory effects of heat shock treatment, TSH, IFN gamma, different serum supplements, sodium iodide and sodium selenite were investigated. Hsp 72 was detectable in cells from all tissue types under basal culture conditions and, at increased concentrations, after heat shock treatment. Quantitative evaluation of Western blotting results by densitometer scanning revealed that hsp 72 concentrations were identical in TEC from normal and diseased thyroids. IFN gamma increased the expression of hsp 72 under basal culture conditions as well as after heat shock treatment. TSH had no effect. Sodium iodide did not affect hsp 72 under basal culture conditions, but augmented the susceptibility of TEC to the effect of heat shock treatment. In contrast, sodium selenite had no effect on the expression of hsp 72. These results demonstrate that local as well as environmental factors may facilitate the induction of hsp 72 in TEC. This may be an important factor for the initiation and progression of thyroid autoimmunity. The stimulatory effect of iodide on hsp induction may also provide an explanation for the frequent occurrence of thyroid autoimmune diseases after iodine exposure.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

MR-appearance of the pituitary gland before and after resection of pituitary macroadenomas.

Pituitary macroadenomas can cause severe compression and displacement of the pituitary gland. This study was undertaken to determine the value of contrast administration for the detection of the pituitary gland in patients with pituitary macroadenomas, to evaluate the preoperative location and configuration of the pituitary gland and to describe its postoperative changes after tumour resection. Preoperative and postoperative MR imaging examinations of 30 patients with histologically proven pituitary macroadenomas were retrospectively evaluated. The examinations were performed on a 1.5 T unit, by obtaining T1-weighted sagittal and coronal images after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. On preoperative MR images, contrast administration increased the detectability of the anterior lobe from 30% to 80%. Depending on the size and extension of the adenoma, the pituitary gland was displaced to the suprasellar space (53%) and/or deformed to a club-shaped (27%) or sickle-shaped (47%) configuration. In six patients, the sickle-shaped pituitary gland was interposed between the cavernous sinus and the adenoma ('rim-sign'), which was seen only on gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced images. In these cases, there was no infiltration of the cavernous sinus at surgery. Postoperatively, descent of the pituitary gland was found in 63%, and reexpansion in 54%. We conclude that contrast administration improves the detectability of the pituitary gland on preoperative MR images, and that the displacement and deformation of the pituitary gland depend on the size, location and extension of the adenoma. Preoperatively, demonstration of the pituitary gland interposed between the cavernous sinus and the adenoma ('rim-sign') is a very useful sign for exclusion of cavernous sinus infiltration, best seen on contrast-enhanced coronal MR images. The normal postoperative changes of the pituitary gland after tumour resection include repositioning and re-expansion.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

[Radiographic changes of the calcaneus in the framework of chronic polyarthritis].

Plain films of the calcaneus of 768 patients with confirmed rheumatoid arthritis were examined retrospectively with reference to inflammatory rheumatic changes. 42 patients (5.5%) showed an erosion of the posterior upper calcaneal margin related to an Achilles bursitis. In three patients there were additional plantar erosions. The Achilles bursitis was bilateral in 50% of cases, particularly in patients in stages 2 and 3 according to Steinbrocker. In the majority of bilateral cases (62%) the size or shape of the lesions was asymmetrical. Our observations indicate that involvement of the os calcis is not uncommon in rheumatoid arthritis; routine examination of this bone would appear to be indicated even in patients without symptoms. Since the defect is unilateral in half the patients, unilateral occurrence of an erosive lesion cannot be regarded as a criterion for a bacterial-inflammatory bursitis. Contrary to the symmetrical involvement of joints in the hands in rheumatoid arthritis, defects in the calcaneus are often unilateral or asymmetrical.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1994

[Color-coded duplex sonography of the parotid gland in Sjögren's syndrome].

27 patients with confirmed Sjögren's syndrome were examined prospectively by means of colour coded duplex sonography and pulsed Doppler sonography in order to determine blood flow in the parotid gland in this condition. Organ perfusion was divided semi-quantitatively into 4 groups: grade 0 (no intraglandular perfusion recognised) to grade 3 (numerous intra-glandular flow signals). Low perfusion values (grade 0 or grade 1) were found in normals and this was also observed in 13 patients (48%). 6 patients (22%) showed moderate increase (grade 2), and 8 patients (30%) showed gross increase (grade 3) in glandular perfusion. The increase in perfusion correlated with the severity of the sono-morphological glandular changes, such as reduced echogenicity, increased size and heterogeneous structure. Increased perfusion was associated with intra-glandular flow velocity as measured by Doppler sonography; maximal systolic flow velocity was significantly higher in patients with markedly increased perfusion than in normals.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Imaging in parotid tumors: US versus MRT].

27 patients, clinically suspected of having parotid tumours, were examined prospectively by sonography (high frequency linear array) and MRI (1.5 T, T1- and T2-weighted SE sequences before, and T1-weighted SE sequences after contrast). In 23 patients, 25 intraglandular tumours were demonstrated (two were multicentric); they consisted of 6 malignant parotid tumours, 11 pleomorphic adenomas, 7 cystadenolymphomas and one oncocytic adenoma. 4 patients had extraglandular tumours. All tumours were demonstrated by either method, but two extraglandular tumours were incorrectly diagnosed by sonography as being intraglandular and 8 tumours (28%) were not completely delineated by sonography. MRI localised the tumours correctly in all cases and demonstrated all lesions accurately, independent of their position or size. In summary, sonography appears suitable as the primary imaging method in the investigation of parotid tumours but in case of large, parapharyngeal or malignant tumours, MRI is clearly superior to sonography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Excursions of the cervical spine during tracheal intubation: blind oral intubation compared with direct laryngoscopy.

The most appropriate technique for performing tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine injury is debatable. Recently, a new device enabling blind oral intubation (Augustine Guide) with the patient's head and neck in the neutral position has been introduced. The aim of this study was to compare the extent of upper cervical spine movement during intubation with this device compared to direct laryngoscopy. Twelve patients (Mallampati I and II), without a cervical spine injury, were intubated using the Augustine Guide and afterwards by direct laryngoscopy. Both procedures were viewed radiographically. Extension in the upper cervical spine was determined at the point of the maximum excursion. By evaluating the joints occiput-C3 together as a functional unit, blind oral intubation caused 17 degrees (median) less extension compared to direct laryngoscopy (p < 0.01). The median differences observed for the individual joints were: 7 degrees in occiput-C1 (p < 0.05), 5 degrees in C1-2 (p < 0.01) and 6 degrees in C2-3 (p < 0.01) respectively. Since we assume that intubation-induced excursions of the injured spine are even higher, blind oral intubation might be a safe alternative for airway management in this special group of trauma victims.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Case report: sicca syndrome due to primary amyloidosis.

Sicca syndrome consists of two major clinical findings: keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia due to destruction of the lacrimal and salivary gland parenchyma. Although it is most often due to Sjögren's syndrome, a variety of other diseases causes sicca syndrome. We report the rare case of a patient with gland infiltration in primary amyloidosis. Sonographic, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance findings are presented.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1994

[Conventional roentgen diagnosis of the salivary glands. Still of clinical value or "traditional care"-].

This paper reviews the examination technique, normal findings, and pathological findings in conventional radiographic diagnosis of the salivary glands. The clinical importance of plain radiographs and sialography today despite the availability of modern imaging modalities is discussed. Of the ultrasound equipment is adequate and the examiner has enough experience in small-parts ultrasonography, application of conventional X-ray methods should be limited to confirmation of ultrasonographic suspicion of sialolithiasis or tumor-erosion of adjacent bone, especially the mandible (plain films), further imaging of extra- and intraglandular salivary duct abnormalities in chronic inflammatory salivary gland disease, and demonstrating salivary gland involvement in special entities, such as sialadenosis (pseudo)cystica in Sjögren-syndrome by sialography.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Ultrasound imaging of the salivary glands].

The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the value of ultrasound in the assessment of salivary gland diseases. The technical preconditions, the ultrasound anatomy of the salivary glands and the examination procedure are described, and the ultrasound appearance of common and important salivary gland diseases (inflammation, calculi, and neoplasm) is discussed. In conclusion, the potentials and limitations of ultrasound in diagnosing the salivary glands are compared to other imaging modalities.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

[Primary squamous epithelial cancer of the sublingual gland. A case report].

Primary neoplasms of the sublingual glands are very rare. We describe our experience in managing a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the sublingual gland, including differential diagnoses and therapy. Radical resection of the primary tumor was performed with bilateral supraomohyoid neck dissections. This was followed by postoperative radiotherapy that included the field of the draining lymph nodes (total dose 56 Gy). During a 3-year follow up period the patient was still tumor-free. We suggest--in concurrence with the literature--the use of this combined therapy in cases of malignant neoplasms of the minor salivary glands.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1994

[Laparoscopic surgery of inguinal hernia by transperitoneal implantation of an artificial mesh. Technique and early results].

We report on 250 patients with 342 inguinal hernias operated laparoscopically by pre-peritoneal implantation of a prosthetic mesh. 167 hernias were indirect, 175 direct, including 92 bilateral, 71 recurrent and 4 femoral hernias. There were four major complications: two lesions of the urinary bladder, treated in one case by laparotomy and two foreign body reactions against the mesh, which had to be removed. Two recurrences (0.6%) occurred during a 2-12 months follow-up. The mean hospital stay was 4 (3-10) days. Return to full activity was possible after one week.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[The sonography of laryngeal cysts].

To evaluate the sonographic appearance of laryngeal cysts, ultrasound examinations of 7 patients were evaluated retrospectively. The ultrasound studies were correlated with endoscopic findings. In two cases, the diagnosis was confirmed histologically, and in 4 patients, a CT examination was additionally performed. The endolaryngeal space could be well seen if the thyroid cartilage was not calcified (n = 6), whereas in one patient, the endolaryngeal part of the cyst could not be seen because of complete calcification of the thyroid cartilage. The laryngeal cysts presented as unechoic (n = 4) or hypoechoic (n = 3) masses, which demonstrated smooth margins in all cases and ranged in size from 6 to 38 mm. In three cases, the cyst was located in the endolaryngeal space, and in 4 cases, it extended cranial of the thyroid cartilage into the pre-epiglottic space. All cysts were closely related to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage, from which they were delineated by a thin hyperechoic band in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Properties of a nonjunctional current expressed from a rat connexin46 cDNA in Xenopus oocytes.

Connexin46 (cxn46) is a gap junctional protein that was cloned from a rat lens cDNA library. Expression of cxn46 in solitary Xenopus oocytes resulted in the development of a large time- and voltage-dependent current that was not observed in noninjected control oocytes or in oocytes injected with mRNA for cxn43 or cxn32. The cxn46-induced current activated at potentials positive to -20 mV. On repolarization to -40 mV, the current deactivated over a period of several seconds. Removal of external calcium caused a marked increase in the amplitude of the cxn46-induced current, shifted the steady-state activation curve to more negative potentials, and altered the kinetics of activation and deactivation. Increasing external calcium had the opposite effect. The ability of cxn46 to induce the formation of cell-to-cell channels was tested in the oocyte pair system. Oocyte pairs injected with cxn46 mRNA + antisense oligonucleotides for Xenopus cxn38 were strongly coupled. In contrast, oocyte pairs injected with antisense alone showed no coupling. The inactivation kinetics of the gap junctional channels resembled the deactivation kinetics of the cxn46-induced current in solitary oocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

New aerobic benzoate oxidation pathway via benzoyl-coenzyme A and 3-hydroxybenzoyl-coenzyme A in a denitrifying Pseudomonas sp.

A denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. is able to oxidize aromatic compounds compounds completely to CO2, both aerobically and anaerobically. It is shown that benzoate is aerobically oxidized by a new degradation pathway via benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA. The organism grew aerobically with benzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, and gentisate; catechol, 2-hydroxybenzoate, and protocatechuate were not used, and 4-hydroxybenzoate was a poor substrate. Mutants were obtained which were not able to utilize benzoate as the sole carbon source aerobically but still used 3-hydroxybenzoate or gentisate. Simultaneous adaptation experiments with whole cells seemingly suggested a sequential induction of enzymes of a benzoate oxidation pathway via 3-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate. Cells grown aerobically with benzoate contained a benzoate-CoA ligase (AMP forming) (0.1 mumol min-1 mg-1) which converted benzoate but not 3-hydroxybenzoate into its CoA thioester. The enzyme of 130 kDa composed of two identical subunits of 56 kDa was purified and characterized. Cells grown aerobically with 3-hydroxybenzoate contained a similarly active CoA ligase for 3-hydroxybenzoate, 3-hydroxybenzoate-CoA ligase (AMP forming). Extracts from cells grown aerobically with benzoate catalyzed a benzoyl-CoA- and flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidation of NADPH with a specific activity of at least 25 nmol NADPH oxidized min-1 mg of protein-1; NADH and benzoate were not used. This new enzyme, benzoyl-CoA 3-monooxygenase, was specifically induced during aerobic growth with benzoate and converted [U-14C]benzoyl-CoA stoichiometrically to [14C]3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA.

Acyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1993

Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings.

We present 25 pituitary adenomas that were confirmed surgically to have invaded the cavernous sinus space. The surgical results are compared with the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings. For comparable radiological criteria, we classified parasellar growth into five grades. This proposed classification is based on coronal sections of unenhanced and gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans, with the readily detectable internal carotid artery serving as the radiological landmark. The anatomical, radiological, and surgical conditions of each grade are considered. Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 are distinguished from each other by a medial tangent, the intercarotid line--through the cross-sectional centers--and a lateral tangent on the intra- and supracavernous internal carotid arteries. Grade 0 represents the normal condition, and Grade 4 corresponds to the total encasement of the intracavernous carotid artery. According to this classification, surgically proven invasion of the cavernous sinus space was present in all Grade 4 and Grade 3 cases and in all but one of the Grade 2 cases; no invasion was present in Grade 0 and Grade 1 cases. Therefore, the critical area where invasion of the cavernous sinus space becomes very likely and can be proven surgically is located between the intercarotid line and the lateral tangent, which is represented by our Grade 2. We also measured tumor growth rates, using the monoclonal antibody KI-67, which shows a statistically higher proliferation rate (P < 0.001) in adenomas with surgically observed invasion into the cavernous sinus space, as compared with noninvasive adenomas.

Adenoma↗