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Biomedical subjects

E Stein

Publications and source records attributed to E Stein.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Group therapy in a forensic setting.

Mentally ill offenders are especially difficult patients to rehabilitate. Although group therapy is a universal method of treating these patients, their ability to benefit from group therapy has not been proven. The authors studied a group of patients held on Warrants of the Lieutenant Governor to assess their personality characteristics and their ability to develop group dynamics which are beneficial in other patient populations. The findings were that forensic patients have personality characteristics which preclude the development of these therapeutic dynamics.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Clinical support groups that work.

A support group for nurses who care for patients with AIDS has been meeting at a major teaching hospital in New York City for the past year. The authors believe its success has been determined by three components: the group's ability to first, express feelings; second, do a needs assessment and plan programs to meet those needs; and third, participate in the organizational development system of the hospital. Management recognizes the importance of the group, endorses it, and supports it verbally and behaviorally.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Primary structure and functional expression of the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta- and epsilon-subunits of the acetylcholine receptor from rat muscle.

The isolation and characterization of five clones carrying sequences of the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta- and epsilon-subunit precursors of the rat muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) are described. The deduced amino acid sequences indicate that these polypeptides contain 457-519 amino acids and reveal the structural characteristics common to subunits of ligand-gated ion channels. The pattern of subunit-specific mRNA levels in rat muscle shows characteristic changes during development and following denervation, suggesting that innervation of muscle reduces the expression of the alpha-, beta- and delta-subunit mRNAs, suppresses the expression of the gamma-subunit mRNA, and induces expression of epsilon-subunit mRNA. Subunit-specific cRNAs generated in vitro were injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes, resulting in the assembly of two functionally different AChR channel subtypes. The AChR gamma, composed of the alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-subunits, has functional properties similar to those of the native AChRs in fetal muscle. The AChR epsilon, composed of alpha-, beta-, delta- and epsilon-subunits, corresponds to the end-plate channel of the adult muscle. Thus in rat skeletal muscle the motor nerve regulates the expression of two functionally different AChR subtypes with different molecular composition by the differential expression of subunit-specific mRNAs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Acute and chronic effects of bone ablation with a pulsed holmium laser.

A pulsed holmium laser transmitted through a quartz fiber was used to create osteotomies in the facial bones and sinuses of rabbits. The ablation process was quantified and residual thermal injury was assessed by light microscopy. Adjacent thermal damage was determined to vary between 130 and 220 microns and was independent of radiant exposure and pulse repetition rate. In other studies, large osteotomies were made to examine the biological response and to assess the technical feasibility of using fiber-delivered laser pulses in an operative setting. The animals tolerated the procedure without obvious problems and postoperative follow-up revealed a vigorous healing response. Because it can ablate both bone and soft tissue and can be transmitted through readily available, flexible quartz fibers, the holmium laser may prove to be a useful adjunct to endoscopic sinus surgical procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Suppression of MLR and DTH responses in miniature swine by pretreatment with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of miniature swine prevented them from initiating proliferative responses in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). When pigs were given 4 weekly intravenous transfusions of UV-irradiated allogeneic donor PBL differing in major histocompatibility (MHC), PBL of recipient pigs progressively responded less vigorously to donor PBL in MLRs over the treatment period. These pigs did not produce anti-donor PBL antibody. Pigs treated with UV-irradiated PBL also had negligible delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to donor PBL at the end of the treatment period. In contrast, pigs receiving injections of untreated allogeneic PBL gave strong DTH responses to donor PBL, high proliferation in MLRs with donor PBL and all produced anti-donor PBL antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Thromboxane A2 augments adrenergic neurotransmission.

Platelet microsomes were utilized to generate thromboxane A2 in rabbit isolated superior mesenteric arteries to assess the effects of thromboxanes on neurotransmission. The microsomes were added to rabbit isolated mesenteric arteries to determine effects of thromboxanes on the following: 1) contractile force; 2) neurogenic contractions; 3) norepinephrine-induced contractions; and 4) electrically stimulated norepinephrine release. Immunoreactive thromboxane B2 concentrations were measured and all responses of the microsomes were correlated with thromboxane production. The microsomes generated thromboxane B2, increasing bath concentrations form 529 +/- 63 pg/ml to 4249 +/- 385 pg/ml at the highest dose. Basal force was increased 0.53 +/- 0.16 g by the highest microsome dose. Neurogenic force generation was enhanced to 303 +/- 57% of control while norepinephrine release was increased to 270 +/- 98% of control. Norepinephrine-induced contractions also were enhanced by the microsomes. Exogenous thromboxane B2 augmented adrenergic neurotransmission and norepinephrine-induced contractions only at concentrations exceeding 1 microM. These results are consistent with a potentiative neuromodulatory role of thromboxane A2 which is both of a pre- and postjunctional nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Fetal pancreas transplantation in miniature swine. IV. Suppression of DTH and MLR responses by treatment with ultraviolet light-irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Irradiation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of miniature swine with ultraviolet light prevented them from initiating proliferative responses in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions and also reduced IL-2 production in these MLRs. When pigs were injected in a series of 4-5 weekly transfusions with UV-irradiated allogeneic PBL differing at the MHC, PBL of recipient pigs progressively responded less strongly to donor PBL in MLRs over the treatment period. These pigs also gave negligible delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to donor PBL at the end of the treatment period. Of the seven UV-irradiated PBL-treated pigs, four produced no antidonor PBL antibody and three produced antibody. Serum from the three antibody-producing pigs also suppressed MLRs of unrelated PBL. By contrast, pigs that received a series of injections of untreated allogeneic PBL gave strong DTH responses to donor PBL and heightened proliferation in MLRs with donor PBL, and all produced antidonor PBL antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The morphology of the palatine arch of pongids].

With the help of frontal cuts through casts of skulls of Pongids we demonstrated the postnatal development of the form of the hard palate. The form of the hard palate is similar to a semicircle in the frontal cut. In the Chimpanzee the palatal form in the frontal cut ist not as semicircular as in the other great apes and is similar to the palatal form of humans in the molar region. The differences between Pongo pygmaeus and the african apes consists in the fact, that the palate of the Pongo pygmaeus has a stronger vault in the canine region than the palate of the Gorilla and Chimpanzee.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of simvastatin and cholestyramine in familial and nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia. Multicenter Group I.

Simvastatin, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, was compared with cholestyramine resin in a randomized open-label 12-week multicenter study of 251 high-risk patients with familial or nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia. Simvastatin, 20 mg and 40 mg daily, produced mean reductions in total cholesterol of 26% and 33%, respectively, and reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 32% and 40%. Cholestyramine resin, 4 to 12 g twice daily, reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels 15% and 21%, respectively. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased 8% to 10% by all treatments. Plasma triglyceride levels were moderately decreased by simvastatin treatment, while triglyceride levels increased with cholestyramine treatment. Simvastatin was better tolerated than cholestyramine, which had numerous gastrointestinal tract side effects. No patient had a serious drug-related adverse event.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hyphema.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Developmental regulation of five subunit specific mRNAs encoding acetylcholine receptor subtypes in rat muscle.

The muscular content of the mRNAs encoding the five subunits of the nicotonic acetylcholine receptor was measured during postnatal development in the rat. Subunit specific mRNAs show differential regulation. The levels of the alpha-, gamma- and delta-subunit specific mRNAs decrease steadily after birth, while the beta- and epsilon-subunit mRNAs increase transiently and then decrease. The adult pattern of subunit specific mRNA levels is reached at 4-6 weeks postnatally. The content of gamma- and epsilon-subunit mRNA changes in a reciprocal fashion during the first 2 postnatal weeks, supporting the view that differential regulation of gamma- and epsilon-subunit mRNA during development is one mechanism mediating the appearance of the adult, epsilon-subunit containing, subtype of end-plate channel. Denervation of neonatal muscle increases the levels of all subunit-specific mRNAs during further development. It prevents the postnatal decrease in gamma-subunit mRNA and enhances the initial increase in epsilon-subunit mRNA. This makes it appear that the epsilon-subunit gene is less sensitive to regulation by the nerve in the postnatal period than the gamma-subunit gene.

Actins↗
PubMed1989

Islet transplantation for the cure of diabetes.

This symposium format was similar to that used in the Kroc Foundation Meetings that Josiah Brown organized previously. As it had been at the Kroc Meetings, this memorial symposium dedicated to Dr. Brown was very successful in terms of the quality of the presentations, updating the most critical findings in islet transplantation and fostering the free exchange of provocative opinions. All participants well recognized that there has been tremendous advancement in islet isolation techniques, understanding of the immunological mechanisms underlying islet rejection, and the development of methods of immunomodulation to overcome rejection-related problems. Progress in these areas is one more step toward the final goal of providing new treatment for diabetics.

Animals↗