Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Sprenger.
Flow cytometric analysis of cytologic samples from four different organs shows that nuclear DNA content of malignant cell populations depends to a large extent on organ of origin of the tumor. This fact must be considered in planning screening systems.
Flow-through cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content on jet wash material from the endometrium was employed in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. One hundred and thirty cases were studied. In comparison to results from cytodiagnosis, flow-through photometry yielded a false negative rate of 31.6% and a false positive rate of 42.2%. The false negative findings resulted in part from the small relative frequency of atypical cells in a mixed population of normal and atypical cells in certain cases. Besides this, we often found carcinomas with a diploid DNA stem line, which could not be distinguished cytophotometrically from normal corpus endometrium (Sandritter, 1952; Atkin et al., 1959; Hustin, 1976). The flow-through photometrically false positive findings may have resulted either from cell aggregates or from a nuclear DNA content elevated over the diploid value in proliferating cells (D. Wagner et al., 1968; D. Wagner and Richard, 1968). The observed false negative and false positive rates demonstrate that flow-through photometric determination of nuclear DNA content is unsuitable for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.
Gastric mucosa was obtained from 126 patients by endoscopic biopsy and subsequent cell brushing for histological, cytological and DNA cytophotometric studies. 23 cases were carcinomatous. DNA histogram evaluation for each case was carried out with special consideration of the position of the DNA stem line and the scatter of the measured DNA values. Additionally, DNA distribution characteristics were established for clinical or cytological diagnostic groups. By ascertaining relative mean ploidy values (U values) and relative frequency of euploid and polyploid values (Z values) in the sample populations, cell nuclear DNA determination was used as a criteria for differentiating between benign and malignant alterations of the stomach. The results allow optimistic prognosis concerning the use of cell nuclear DNA content as a significant, though not as the only measuring factor in automated diagnostic procedures.
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The determination of nuclear DNA content by flow-through photometry is employed as a prescreening procedure in cervical cytology. The goal of a prescreening procedure is to obtain the smallest possible number of false negative findings with an economically acceptable number of false positive findings, which must be retested. False negative findings result from the often low relative frequency of atypical cells in a mixed population of normal and atypical cells. Only between 10,000 and 50,000 cells are contained in a random sample from the total suspended smear material. It was the purpose of this study to investigate whether a flow-through photometric study of the entire suspension and thus the larger absolute frequency of atypical cells mught lead to a decrease in false negative results. Flow-through photometric evaluation of the entire smear material is not superior to measurement of a random sample of 10,000-50,000 cells. 1. The relative frequency of atypical cells is unchanged, and thus also the proportion of false negative findings. 2. The number of false positive findings increases by 10% due to the inclusion of aggregates at the bottom of the preparation. 3. The measuring time is increased 10-fold, thus making the prescreening procedure uneconomical.
Flow-through fluorescence cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content was employed for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration biopsy material from the prostate of 220 patients was used for study. A false negative rate of 11.4% and a false positive rate of 29.7% were obtained when the results of flow-through photometry were compared with those of traditional cytodiagnosis. It was found that 4.5% of the specimens were unsuitable for cytologic diagnosis and 10.9% for flow-through cytophotometry. False negative DNA histograms may be due to two factors: either the number of tumor cells is small or there are tumor cells whose nuclear DNA content does not differ from that of a normal cell population. False positive findings result from proliferating cells in inflammatory activation. Errors in preparation of the material and mechanical mistakes, such as cellular clumping and coincidences, are less likely causes. The greater percentage of specimens which were inadequate for cytophotometry was due to the large number of cells needed for a utilizable flow-through photometric histogram. The high rate of false negative and false positive results (11.4% and 29.7%, respectively) argues against using flow-through photometric nuclear DNA determination for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.
Digital palpation of the prostate is not suitable for positive differentation between benign and malignant lesions of the prostate. Whenever a conspicuous finding is observed during a physical examination of the prostate a fine needle aspiration cytology is mandatory for eluidation of the disease. This procedure is simple and inexpensive, has a low rate of complications and high diagnostic validity.
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