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E Solcia

Publications and source records attributed to E Solcia.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Morphology and pathogenesis of endocrine hyperplasias, precarcinoid lesions, and carcinoids arising in chronic atrophic gastritis.

The spectrum of endocrine cell changes occurring in 80 cases of body-fundus chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), mostly type A or multifocal, including various types of hyperplasia, precarcinoid lesions (20 cases), and neoplasia (carcinoid, 24 cases) have been analyzed histologically, histochemically, and ultrastructurally. Changes associated with gland atrophy, pyloric- or intestinal-type metaplasia, regenerative hyperplasia, and hypergastrinemia have been identified and their neoplastic potential evaluated in the light of their proliferative capacity (bromodeoxyuridine incorporation) and clinicopathologic behavior. A close link between disseminated precarcinoid lesions of non-tumor mucosa and multiple carcinoids (carcinoidosis) arising in hypergastrinemic type-A CAG is suggested. Hyperplastic changes, including endocrine cell clusters, seem to have no or only minimal neoplastic potential.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1990

Ultrastructural identification of human secretin cells by the immunogold technique. Their costorage of chromogranin A and serotonin.

We have localized secretin in a morphologically distinctive endocrine cell scattered in the epithelium covering the villi and uppermost crypts of the human duodenum and jejunum. The human secretin cell was characterized by relatively large (mean diameter 299 nm +/- 69 SD), fairly irregular granules, the majority of which showed homogeneous distribution of secretin and chromogranin A immunolabelling in a structurally homogeneous core. Other granules had a targetoid pattern due to an inner, argyrophobe, secretin-immunoreactive body surrounded by an argyrophil, chromogranin A immunoreactive mantle. These targetoid granules represent a distinctive ultrastructural marker of the secretin cell. Secretin cell granules have been shown to react with chromogranin A antibodies and Grimelius' silver, while lacking chromogranin B immunoreactivity. About 1/3 of secretin cells also showed serotonin immunostaining.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1990

Ductal cancers of the pancreas frequently express markers of gastrointestinal epithelial cells.

It has been found by immunohistochemical staining that antigens normally found in gastric and/or intestinal epithelial cells are expressed in most differentiated duct cell carcinomas of the pancreas. Among 88 such tumors, 93% and 92%, respectively, expressed M1 and cathepsin E, markers of gastric surface-foveolar epithelial cells, 51% expressed pepsinogen II, a marker of gastroduodenal mucopeptic cells, 48% expressed CAR-5, a marker of colorectal epithelial cells, and 35% expressed M3SI, a marker of small intestinal goblet cells. Most of the tumors also expressed normal pancreatic duct antigens; 97% expressed DU-PAN-2, and 59% expressed N-terminus gastrin-releasing peptide. In agreement with these findings, electron microscopy revealed malignant cells with fine structural features of gastric foveolar cells, gastric mucopeptic cells, intestinal goblet cells, intestinal columnar cells, pancreatic duct epithelial cells, and cells with features of more than one cell type. Normal pancreatic duct epithelium did not express any marker of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, whereas such benign lesions as mucinous cell hypertrophy and papillary hyperplasia commonly expressed gut-type antigens but rarely expressed pancreatic duct cell markers. By contrast, lesions characterized by atypical papillary hyperplasia commonly expressed both gastric and pancreatic duct cell markers. Metaplastic pyloric-type glands expressed pepsinogen II and, except for their expression of cathepsin E, were indistinguishable from normal pyloric glands. In marked contrast, the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of 14 ductuloacinar cell tumors were those of cells lining terminal ductules, centroacinar cells, and/or acinar cells; none expressed any gut-type antigen. The results indicate that gastrointestinal differentiation is common in both benign and malignant lesions of pancreatic duct epithelium and suggest that duct cell carcinomas are histogenetically related to gastric- and intestinal-type metaplastic changes of epithelial cells lining the main and interlobular ducts of the pancreas.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

The foveolar cell component of gastric cancer.

M1, a mucin antigen, and cathepsin E, an aspartic proteinase, are both expressed in normal gastric superficial-foveolar epithelial cells. In this study, we determined by immunohistochemical staining the prevalence of these antigens in 316 gastric cancers representative of the main histologic types and stages of the disease. M1 was expressed in 201 cases (64%) and cathepsin E was expressed in 235 cases (75%) of the 313 cases investigated. Both antigens were expressed more commonly in diffuse and mixed cancers than in glandular tumors. M1 was found in 64 of 83 (77%) diffuse cancers and in 48 of 59 (81%) mixed cancers, but in only 74 of 146 (51%) glandular cancers. For cathepsin E, the prevalence was 93% in diffuse cancer, 81% in mixed cancer, and 71% in the 143 glandular cancers examined. Among 25 mucoid tumors, 15 (60%) expressed M1 but only eight (32%) expressed cathepsin E. Overall, 262 (84%) of the tumors expressed at least one of these antigens and of these, 173 (66%) expressed both antigens. No significant difference in the prevalence of M1 or cathepsin E was found between early and advanced cancer or between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer. The two markers differed in their intracellular localization. In superficial-foveolar cells, M1 immunostaining was concentrated in secretory granules, Golgi complex, and luminal mucous, whereas cathepsin E was found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, cathepsin E, but not M1, was found in the enterocytes of duodenal villi and, occasionally, in mucopeptic cells. Parallel histochemical and ultrastructural investigations confirmed the occurrence in gastric cancer of foveolar-type cells, manifested by periodic acid-Schiff- and/or alcian blue-reactive mucous granules having a punctate substructure. We conclude that superficial-foveolar cell differentiation is common in gastric cancer and is a major component of this type of tumor. However, pure foveolar cell differentiation is rare. Rather, most gastric cancers consist of cells exhibiting features of foveolar, intestinal, and mucopeptic cell lines.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

Gastric argyrophil carcinoidosis in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome due to type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia. A newly recognized association.

We report four cases of gastric argyrophil carcinoidosis arising in the oxyntic mucosa of patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as part of type 1 multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome. Multiple mucosal and submucosal carcinoids were seen in combination with innumerable hyperplastic and dysplastic growths of argyrophil endocrine cells disseminated in the entire acidopeptic mucosa. Histochemical and ultrastructural investigation indicated that the argyrophil enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell, a type of endocrine cell normally restricted to the oxyntic mucosa and very sensitive to gastrin stimulation, was a major component of the carcinoidosis. Five similar cases were found in the literature. Because argyrophil ECL cell carcinoid or carcinoidosis is unusual in patients who have the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome but do not have MEN, we believe that the genetic trait of the MEN syndrome has an important permissive role in the promotion of gastric carcinoids through the hypergastrinemia inherent to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Classification and histogenesis of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours.

A series of 267 gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours has been revised from the point of view of histopathologic diagnosis, hormonal profile and clinical behaviour. Results of this investigation, together with revised concepts on the histogenesis of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine growths, allowed to develop detailed classification systems which proved useful for precise tumour diagnosis and for clinicopathologic correlation, with special reference to tumour function, prognosis and therapy. Among 132 pancreatic growths, various types of islet cell tumours (61 cases), with (45 cases) or without (16 cases) hyperfunctional syndrome, were separated from different types of gut-related (38 cases) and 'ectopic' (three cases) tumours, as well as from 25 non-functioning, locally symptomatic tumours, three small cell carcinomas and two mixed endocrine-exocrine tumours. Among 97 intestinal tumours, 39 argentaffin EC cell carcinoids, mostly from the appendix and ileum, were separated from 23 hindgut-type carcinoids, mostly from the rectum, 22 gastrin cell tumours, mainly from the duodenal bulb, five somatostatin cell tumours, mostly from the periampullary region of the duodenum, and two gangliocytic paragangliomas. Among 38 gastric tumours, five small cell 'neuroendocrine' carcinomas were separated from three gastrin cell tumours and 30 argyrophil carcinoids, 27 of which arose in the body fundus, 16 associated with chronic atrophic gastritis and four with combined Zollinger Ellison/Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1990

Endocrine tumors of the duodenum and upper jejunum. A study of 33 cases with clinico-pathological characteristics and hormone content.

Thirty duodenal and three upper-jejunal endocrine tumors are reported. Clinical manifestations included: a) the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (10 cases); b) peptic ulcer disease in which hypergastrinemia was not documented (3 cases); c) cholestasis or cholelithiasis (4 cases); d) abdominal pain (4 cases); e) gastro-intestinal bleeding (1 case); f) celiac sprue (1 case). Ten further tumors were discovered incidentally, at autopsy or in pathological specimens after gastrectomy or duodenopan-createctomy. Histological pattern was trabecular in 19 cases, insular in 2 and mixed in ten cases. Two cases were typical ganglioneuromatous paragangliomas. All tumors were examined immunohistochemically. Twelve tumors contained gastrin, four somatostatin, six both of these peptides, one serotonin, two both gastrin and serotonin, and two tumors contained gastrin, serotonin and somatostatin. Ganglioneuromatous paragangliomas combined somatostatin and/or pancreatic polypeptide containing endocrine cells with protein-S100-positive Schwann cells. In four tumors no peptide or amine was demonstrated. Gastrin cell tumors (63.6% of our cases), both functionally active (gastrinomas) and clinically silent, predominated in the proximal duodenum, while somatostatin cell tumors (15.1%) and paragangliomas were mostly found in the periampullary region. Two tumors were classified as malignant on the basis of lymph node metastases, and both were jejunal gastrinomas associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Two somatostatin cell tumors had manifestations of von Recklinghausen's disease.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1990

Development of neuroendocrine tumors in the gastrointestinal tract of transgenic mice. Heterogeneity of hormone expression.

Expression of hormones in endocrine tumors and derived cell lines of transgenic mice carrying insulin-promoted oncogenes has been investigated by histochemical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and radioimmunologic means. Tumors of the pancreas, small intestine, mesentery, and liver were examined. Insulin-immunoreactive cells were prevalent in pancreatic tumors, with a significant subpopulation of pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive elements. Conventional ultrastructural and immunogold analysis identified insulin-storing beta granules in pancreatic tumor cells. In contrast, the largest immunoreactive subpopulation of intestinal tumors expressed secretin (53% of total cells), followed by proglucagon-related peptides (15%), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (7%), gastrin (7%), pancreatic polypeptide (2%), neurotensin (2%), and somatostatin (1%). No detectable immunoreactivity for either insulin or serotonin was observed. Electron microscopy and immunogold labeling showed that intestinal tumor cells contained secretin-storing S-type granules. Lymph node and liver tumors contained secretin-immunoreactive cells with ultrastructural features similar to those of intestinal tumors. In addition, high levels of circulating insulinlike and secretinlike immunoreactants were detectable. Analogous hormone profiles were identified in tumor cell lines and culture media. Large T-antigen immunoreactivity was detected in all the nuclei of neoplastic cells, as well as in insulin-immunoreactive elements of non-neoplastic islets and pancreatic ducts and in some secretin-immunoreactive cells of small intestinal mucosa. These data indicate that neuroendocrine tumors arise both in beta cell and S-cell subpopulations of transgenic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Transgenic mouse models and peptide producing endocrine tumours: morpho-functional aspects.

Three transgenic mouse models which proved to develop endocrine tumours are reviewed and discussed. The neoplasms were induced through the production of the transforming oncoprotein simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen. The SV40/metallothionein-growth hormone (MGH), the insulin/SV40 (INS/SV40) and the vasopressin/SV40 (AVP/SV40) transgenic mice models all developed endocrine tumours of pancreas mainly composed of insulin-producing B cells, with a minor PP cell component. In the pancreata of INS/SV40 and AVP/SV40 transgenic mice, non-tumour lesions (hyperplasia and dysplasia) were also described. AVP/SV40 transgenic mice presented tumour genesis in anterior pituitary too. The usefulness of transgenic mouse models in reproducing human pathology is outlined with special reference to genetically dependent tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Calbindin 28 kDa in endocrine cells of known or putative calcium-regulating function. Thyro-parathyroid C cells, gastric ECL cells, intestinal secretin and enteroglucagon cells, pancreatic glucagon, insulin and PP cells, adrenal medullary NA cells and some pituitary (TSH?) cells.

The distribution of calbindin in some endocrine glands (thyroid, parathyroid, ultimobranchial body, pituitary and adrenals) and in the diffuse endocrine cells of the gut and pancreas has been investigated immunohistochemically using an antiserum raised against the 28 kDa calbindin from chicken duodenum. The identity of calbindin-immunoreactive cells in a number of avian and mammalian species was ascertained by comparison with hormone-reactive cells in consecutive sections or by double immunostaining of the same section with both calbindin and hormone antibodies. Calcitonin-producing C cells of the mammalian and avian thyroid, parathyroid or ultimobranchial body, PP, glucagon and insulin cells of the mammalian and avian pancreas, enteroglucagon cells of the avian intestine, secretin cells of the mammalian duodenum, histamine-producing ECL cells of the mammalian stomach, as well as noradrenaline-producing cells of the adrenal medulla and some (TSH?) cells of the adenohypophysis were among the calbindin-immunoreactive cells. Although some species variability has been observed in the intensity and distribution of the immunoreactivity, especially in the pancreas and the gut, a role for calbindin in the mechanisms of calcium-mediated endocrine cell stimulation or of intracellular and extracellular calcium homeostasis is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Immunoreactivity of hormonally-characterized human endocrine cells against three novel anti-human chromogranin B(B11 and B13) and chromogranin A (A11) monoclonal antibodies.

Two novel monoclonal antibodies, called B11 and B13, directed exclusively against human chromogranin B (CgB) and another antibody, A11, specific for human chromogranin A (CgA), were obtained by immunization of mice with chromaffin granules, the fusion of their splenocytes, the screening of hybridomas supernatants by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, and characterization of the antibodies by two-dimensional immunoblotting. The antibodies were used in immunohistochemical tests to investigate the distribution of CgA and CgB in hormonally-identified cells of the human endocrine system. The A11 antibody confirmed the occurrence of CgA in gut EC, ECL, gastrin, secretin and neurotensin cells, pancreatic A and PP cells, parathyroid chief cells, pituitary TSH and gonadotrope cells and adrenal medullary cells. Only a fraction of CgA-immunoreactive cells in the human gut and pancreas showed C-terminus arginine-glycinamide immunoreactivity, suggesting pancreastatin storage. Both CgB antibodies showed immunoreactivity in gastrin cells, intestinal (but not gastric) EC cells, pancreatic A and PP cells, pituitary TSH and gonadotrope cells and adrenal medullary cells. In addition, the B11 antibody stained thyroid C cells and the B13 antibody stained the Golgi area of pituitary GH cells. It is concluded that most CgB is stored in the same cells showing CgA, although some CgA-rich cells, like gastric EC and ECL cells. lacked B11 and B13 immunoreactivities and some CgA-poor cells, like human thyroid C cells, showed intense B11 immunostaining.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Qualitative studies of gastric endocrine cells in patients treated long-term with omeprazole.

A total of 543 endoscopic biopsies (a mean of three tissue samples each) were taken from the gastric oxyntic mucosa of 122 patients suffering from reflux oesophagitis or peptic ulcer resistant to H2-receptor antagonist therapy. All were treated with omeprazole, 40 mg/day, until healing and then assigned to 20 mg/day for a mean of 13 months. Proliferative changes of endocrine cells were evaluated according to an internationally agreed classification and the paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Sevier-Munger silver. Only hyperplastic (no dysplastic or neoplastic) lesions of endocrine cells were observed in 11-19% of patients examined, the incidence and severity of these lesions being unaffected by treatment. A relationship between linear and/or micronodular hyperplasia and chronic gastritis was observed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

The gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system and related tumors.

Up to 16 types of endocrine cells have been characterized morphologically (and most of them also functionally) in the gastroenteropancreatic area. Four main groups of pancreatic endocrine tumors (with several subtypes) have been identified: islet cell, ectopic, nonfunctioning, and poorly differentiated tumors. A detailed classification system that combines cytologic and clinicopathologic patterns has been developed for the study of 132 pancreatic tumors. Among a large series (more than 120 cases) of endocrine tumors arising in the gastrointestinal tract, serotonin-producing argentaffin carcinoids have been separated from hindgut trabecular carcinoids, producing glucagon- and pancreatic polypeptide-related peptides, paragangliomas, somatostatin cell tumors, gastrinomas, and argyrophil ECL cell carcinoids. The clinicopathologic profile of the various pancreatic and gastrointestinal tumor entities has been delineated and involvement in the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome has been analyzed in detail.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1988

Expression of pepsinogen II in gastric cancer. Its relationship to local invasion and lymph node metastases.

We have determined the prevalence of pepsinogen II (PG II) immunoreactive cells in a large series of early and advanced gastric cancers and relationships among PG II-positivity, tumor histologic type, extent of gastric wall invasion, and presence of lymph node metastases. Of the 316 cancers evaluated, 150 (47%) expressed PG II. The prevalence by histologic type was 55% in 146 glandular tumors, 43% in 83 diffuse tumors, 16% in 25 mucoid tumors, and 51% in 59 mixed-type cancers. Two parietal cell cancers and one undifferentiated cancer were PG II-negative. In glandular and diffuse cancers, but not mucoid and mixed tumors, both the extent of gastric wall invasion and incidence of lymph node metastases were associated positively with PG II expression by the primary tumor. In particular, PG II-reactive cells were found significantly more often in advanced than in early diffuse cancers (P less than 0.05) and significantly more often in submucosal early cancers than in intramucosal early cancers (P less than 0.01). The prevalence of PG II expression also was higher significantly in metastatic cancers than in nonmetastatic cancers. This was true for advanced gastric cancers as a whole (P less than 0.01), advanced glandular-type cancer alone (P less than 0.01), advanced glandular- and diffuse- type cancers together (P less than 0.001), and early diffuse-type cancer (P less than 0.05). Only four (3%) of 145 cancers evaluated for pepsinogen I (PG I) were positive, and each also was positive for PG II. The results suggest that the expression of PG II by glandular and diffuse types of gastric cancer may be a marker of increased malignancy.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

A morphological analysis endocrine tumour genesis in pancreas and anterior pituitary of AVP/SV40 transgenic mice.

Insertion into the mouse genome of the hybrid oncogene made up of bovine vasopressin gene derived 5' upstream sequences and the coding sequences of SV40 large T-antigen promoted tumours in anterior pituitary and endocrine pancreas of mice bearing this transgene. In order to investigate the morphology of the steps in the neoplastic process, we used light and electron microscopy to study these organs in 42 animals belonging to the 3rd, 4th and 5th generations, subdivided into 4 age groups from 20 days to 100 days of life. Antibodies to large T-antigen were used to identify sites of expression of the hybrid oncogene, thus monitoring the steps in neoplastic transformation. Large T-antigen immunoreactivity was identified in dysplastic lesions of younger animals and in both dysplastic lesions and tumours of older mice. Insulin (100% of cases) and pancreatic polypeptide (25% of cases) immunoreactivities were revealed in pancreatic lesions but no hormonal immunoreactivity was detected in the pituitary lesions. The ultrastructural study confirmed that the majority cell population of the pancreatic neoplasms was B-type and that the anterior pituitary tumours were poorly granulated. The subcellular localization of large T-antigen immunoreactivity was investigated by the immunogold method and was confined to the heterochromatin of tumour cell nuclei. These findings provide evidence for the dysplasia-neoplasia sequence in the genesis of endocrine tumours of pituitary and pancreas of transgenic mice. The vasopressin-SV40 large T-antigen transgenic mice may therefore be an useful model for the study of endocrine cell oncogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Histopathology, cytology and cytochemistry of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas including chemodectomas.

The results of histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural investigations on pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas have been reported. These results allowed the functional identification of the cell types composing many of such tumours. Moreover, comparison of these data with clinico-pathologic findings outlined the advantages and limits of cytologic studies for understanding the natural history of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas and improving our diagnostic and prognostic criteria.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗