Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Sohar

Publications and source records attributed to E Sohar.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Plasma-cortisol levels in experimental heatstroke in dogs.

The effect of external heat-load, exercise and dehydration on dynamic changes in plasma cortisol during the development of heatstroke was investigated. Thirty-three unanesthetized dogs were tested under two sets of climatic conditions: comfort conditions and hot-dry climatic conditions, half of them while exercising. Half of the dogs in each group were rehydrated. None of the dogs that were investigated at room temperature suffered heatstroke. Of the dogs exposed to high ambient temperature, all of the exercising, as well as five out of six non-hydrated dogs and one rehydrated non-exercising dog suffered heatstroke. Significant dehydration (6%-7% of body weight), occurred only under high ambient temperature. Plasma cortisol levels of all dogs that suffered heatstroke rose conspicuously for at least 5 h and returned to normal levels 24 h later. Cortisol levels of dogs who did not experience heatstroke remained within the normal range. Cortisol levels correlated with the severity of the stress leading to heatstroke. High and rising levels of cortisol, several hours after body temperature returns to normal, may support the diagnosis of heatstroke.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Endotoxaemia in exhausted runners after a long-distance race.

The extent to which plasma endotoxin concentrations increased was measured in 89 randomly selected exhausted runners who required admission to the medical tent for treatment in the 1986 Comrades Marathon (89,4 km). Eighty-one per cent had concentrations above the upper limit of 0,1 ng/ml ('endotoxaemic'), including 2% above 1 ng/ml (the reported lethal level in humans), and only 19% had normal levels. There was a negative correlation between plasma endotoxin and plasma anti-endotoxin IgG concentration (P less than 0,025). Those runners completing the race in less than 8 hours had a significantly lower average endotoxin value than those taking longer than 8 hours (P less than 0,025). Also 80,6% of runners (58/72) with high plasma endotoxin values reported nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhoea, compared with 17,7% (3/17; P less than 0,001) with low endotoxin values. Elevated plasma endotoxin concentrations of 32 randomly selected endotoxaemic runners had returned to normal 1-3 weeks later, and most of them (25/32) had increased anti-endotoxin IgG concentrations (P less than 0,02). Fifty-nine runners randomly selected in a short run (21,1 km) 3 weeks after the 89,4 km run completed the race without problems and none showed any increase in endotoxin levels. Further studies in this field are warranted, especially the measurement of endotoxin and anti-endotoxin values from commencement of training to full fitness. It is possible that these measurements may prove useful as predictors of an athlete's or combat soldier's performance.

Antitoxins↗
PubMed1986

Colchicine in the prevention and treatment of the amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever.

To determine whether colchicine prevents or ameliorates amyloidosis in patients with familial Mediterranean fever, we followed 1070 patients with the latter disease for 4 to 11 years after they were advised to take colchicine to prevent febrile attacks. Overall, at the end of the study, the prevalence of nephropathy was one third of that in a study conducted before colchicine was used to treat familial Mediterranean fever. Among 960 patients who initially had no evidence of amyloidosis, proteinuria appeared in 4 who adhered to the prophylactic schedule and in 16 of 54 who admitted non-compliance. Life-table analysis showed that the cumulative rate of proteinuria was 1.7 percent (90 percent confidence limits, 0.0 and 11.3 percent) after 11 years in the compliant patients and 48.9 percent (18.8 and 79.0 percent) after 9 years in the noncompliant patients (P less than 0.0001). A total of 110 patients had overt nephropathy when they started to take colchicine. Among 86 patients who had proteinuria but not the nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria resolved in 5 and stabilized in 68 (for more than eight years in 40). Renal function deteriorated in 13 of the patients with proteinuria and in all of the 24 patients with the nephrotic syndrome or uremia. We conclude that colchicine prevented amyloidosis in our high-risk population and that it can prevent additional deterioration of renal function in patients with amyloidosis who have proteinuria but not the nephrotic syndrome.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1985

The prevention of amyloidosis in familial Mediterranean fever with colchicine.

Colchicine has been used since 1972 to prevent the acute attacks of familial Mediterranean fever. The present study shows that colchicine is also effective in the prevention of amyloidosis. If initiated in patients without evidence of renal disease there is no appearance of proteinuria and no progression to renal insufficiency over long follow-up periods. Moreover, it ameliorates the course of the disease in patients with amyloid nephropathy and normal renal function. It does not alter the course of the disease if initiated after renal function is even mildly impaired. These findings suggest that colchicine prevents the new deposition of amyloid.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Degradation of amyloid by a serum component and inhibition of degradation.

ADA of human serum was demonstrated and investigated with an agar gel diffusion technique using amyloid-impregnated agar plates. Sera of 20 healthy adults, 40 patients with AA-amyloidosis, and 86 nonamyloidotic patients were tested. The presence of an ADF, showing enzymatic properties and strongly bound to albumin, was demonstrated in normals and amyloidotic and nonamyloidotic patients. ADA in the serum of amyloidotic and cirrhotic patients was markedly decreased due to the presence of an inhibitor of ADF. ADA of amyloidotic sera was restored to normal by EDTA, citric acid, and ascorbic acid. The ADA of 16 FMF patients and four of 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis without amyloidosis was intermediate between normal and amyloidotic values, indicating the presence of lADF at low concentrations in these patients. These findings suggest that amyloid is a normal protein metabolite, possibly with a high metabolic turnover. Accumulation of amyloid may be caused by decrease of the ADA of the serum by its inhibitor, rather than by accelerated production.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The energy cost of walking and running with and without a backpack load.

The effect of backpack load (20 kg) on oxygen consumption while walking and running at different speeds was investigated. Fifteen males walked an ran (with and without load) up a 5% sloped treadmill at 6.4, 7.2, 8.0, 9.6, and 11.2 km/h (4, 4.5, 5, 6, and 7 mph). While walking VO2 rose at a rate of 0.6 (l/min)/(km/h) and while running 0.3 (l/min)/(km/h). The mean oxygen consumption at the various speeds was 28.65, 33.78, 40.64, 46.84, 54.48 ml O2/kg BW/min, respectively, for the whole group without load and 26.52, 32.26, 38.28, 44.26, 48.16, respectively, with load. The breaking point between walking and running was at about 8.2 km/h. Carrying the load increased VO2 at a constant rate, and induced a breaking point between walking and running at a significantly lower speed for the smaller subjects than for the more robust ones. The results indicate that for certain tasks involving endurance and heavy load carriage, people should be selected according to criteria which integrate aerobic capacity and anthropometrical features.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Tap water, an efficient method for cooling heatstroke victims--a model in dogs.

Forty experimentally heatstroke dogs were cooled by immersion in water at temperatures varying from 1-25 degrees C. At all water temperatures, cooling occurred at a much slower rate in comatose dogs in conscious ones. Dogs cooled in tap water (15-16 degrees C) had the same cooling rate as those cooled in ice water (1-3 degrees C). At water temperatures above 18 degrees C, cooling rates were considerably decreased. Since tap water cooled as efficiently as ice water, its use may prove the method of choice for human heatstroke victims. Its advantages are ready availability, simplicity of use, and its failure to cause shivering.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cold-induced profuse sweating on back and chest. A new genetic entity?

Two sisters whose parents shared a grandfather had cold-induced sweating. Since childhood they had sweated profusely from the back and chest when exposed to environmental temperatures of 18 degrees to 7 degrees C. They had additional abnormalities--e.g., high palate and inability fully to extend the elbows--which neither their parents nor their sibs shared. The cold-induced sweating, which could not be stopped by a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was abolished by postganglionic blockade with atropine sulphate. This indicates the possibility of a peripheral mechanism.

Administration, Oral↗