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Biomedical subjects

E Smith

Publications and source records attributed to E Smith.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Altered growth of hormone secretory pattern following prolonged sleep deprivation in the rhesus monkey.

Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH) were determined in samples obtained sequentially at 15-min intervals during the last 4 h in monkeys deprived of sleep for 76 h and the first 8 h of ensuing recovery sleep. Electroencephalographic (EEG), electro-oculographic (EOG), and electromyographic (EMG) activities were recorded. Stages 3-4 sleep occurred rapidly after sleep onset and were of long duration. Plasma GH secretion was markedly elevated during sleep recovery, without apparent relationship to stage of sleep.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Short-term treatment of Sexual problems: interim report.

Of 52 couples requesting treatment for sexual disorders, 16 were treated in accordance with the protocol of Masters and Johnson except that most were seen once a week for 10 or more weeks rather than daily for a briefer period. The treatment results were less successful than those obtained by Masters and Johnson. The authors believe that the successes of this approach nonetheless suggest a need to reevaluate the degree to which sexual problems may be conditioned responses. They also stress the need for specifying the degree of improvement among nonfailures for purposes of comparison and follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Myasthenia gravis: studies on HL-A antigens and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Thirth-three patient with a clinical diagnosis of myasthenia gravis were tissue-typed for HL-A antigens. In agreement with earlier reports a significant increase in antigens HL-A1 and HL-A8 were found in this material. Two of the patients were treated with chronic thoracic duct drainage. Proportions of T and B lymphocytes in lymph and peripheral blood were estimated in these patients. In the lymph an initial decrease in the proportion of T cells occurred, which was accompanied by a subsequent increase in the proportion of B cells. Towards the end of the chronic drainage period this effect was reversed. A slightly different picture occurred in blood lymphocytes. Initially, there was an increase in both T and B cells, followed by a decrease in T-cells numbers in one patient, whereas in the second patient the proportion of T cells decreased from the onset of drainage while the proportion of B cells steadily increased. These studies showed that available markers for determination of T ANd B cells were useful for studies of lymphocyte subpopulations in blood and lymph. Lmyphocytes from the thoracic duct were also tested for their reactivity to various mitogens specific for either T or B cells. The B-cell mitogens which were used were dextran sulphate, lipopolysaccharide, purified protein derivative, as well as rabbit anti-human beta2-microglobulin serum. The T-cell mitogens investigated were concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin. No significant differences in the responsiveness of thoracic duct lymphocytes compared to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes were found.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Neural control of gastric mucosal blood flow in the rat.

This study was designed to determine (1) whether sympathetic nerve stimulation reduces gastric mucosal blood flow through the opening of submucosal arteriovenous anastomoses ("shunts"); and (2) whether parasympathetic nerve stimulation increases gastric mucosal blood flow through a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle as well as through metabolic factors secondary to increased acid secretion. An in vivo microscopy technique for the direct visualization of the rat gastric microcirculation was employed. Stimulation of the splanchnic nerve for 3 min caused an initial constriction of submucosal arterioles followed by escape (dilation during continued splanchnic stimulation) in all rats. No arteriovenous anastomoses were seen either in the resting state or during nerve stimulation. Mucosal studies with splanchnic stimulation revealed an initial progressive slowing of flow in the capillaries, followed by escape (partial return of flow). There were no significant differences between the times to maximum initial circulatory change in the submucosa and mucosa, and between the times to maximum escape in the submucosa and mucosa. These findings indicate that, in the rat, sympathetic stimulation decreases mucosal blood flow through a constricting effect on the supplying submucosal arterioles and not through the opening of "shunts". In studies with vagal stimulation, the submucosal arterioles dilated within 10 sec of beginning stimulation in 45 of 51 observations (P less than 0.001) and decreased in diameter within 10 sec of cessation of stimulation in 45 of 51 observations (P less than 0.001). The immediate dilation with stimulation and constriction with cessation of stimulation suggests a direct vasodilator effect of vagal stimulation on the gastric submucosal arterioles.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bone mineral in mentally retarded patients receiving long-term anticonvulsive therapy.

A direct photon absorptiometry method was used to measure bone mineral content in a population of mentally retarded subjects, one half of whom were undergoing long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy. The sample consisted of 134 subjects, 60 males and 74 females. Average ages were 22.5 years for the females and 19.7 years for the males. A multiple regression analysis showed there was no apparent effect on anticonvulsant drug therapy on bone mineral content in this mentally retarded and growth retarded population. A comparison with normal standards indicates that bone mineral values for age for both sexes of mentally retarded subjects were depressed from 15-40 percent relative to white standards. The bone mineral depression closely paralleled the growth depression seen in this population. It is suggested that the inability to detect an overall anticonvulsive drug effect on bone mineral values may be due to the general growth retardation seen in this institutionalized mentally retarded population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors from Escherichia coli.

Heat-stable, chemotactically active peptides have been obtained from Escherichia coli culture filtrates. They range in size between 150 and 1500 daltons and are anionic at neutral pH. Free carboxyl groups but not free amino groups appear to be required for activity. The N-terminal group may be blocked. There do not appear to be internal aromatic or basic residues in the chemotactically active fractions. A highly purified, not completely characterized, fraction was found to contain aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, and glycine.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1974

Influence of site of impact on cognitive impairment persisting long after severe closed head injury.

The cognitive abilities of right-handed men who had sustained a severe closed head injury between 10 and 20 years earlier were studied. Results showed that a right-sided impact produced greater deficits than a left-sided impact in both verbal and non-verbal skills. The results are interpreted as reflecting left hemisphere damage due to contrecoup injury. Some evidence that a left frontal impact was apt to result in defective visual-spatial functioning is presented. These observations accord with some theories on the mechanics of head injury and with observations on the predictability of sites of cerebral contusion in brain injury uncomplicated by dural penetration, intracranial infection, or cerebral infarction. The roles of the duration of post-traumatic amnesia, the level of neurological responsiveness at the time of admission to hospital, and the age at which the injury was sustained are also discussed.

Adult↗