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Biomedical subjects

E Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to E Shapiro.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome with clonidine and neuroleptics.

In an open clinical trial of clonidine hydrochloride and neuroleptics in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, neuroleptics resulted in greater improvement across the range of symptoms in a larger proportion of patients than did clonidine. A small subgroup of patients may have benefited from treatment with clonidine. Carefully controlled, randomized, and double-blind studies are necessary to resolve the divergent views about the effectiveness of clonidine in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

TMJ dysfunction.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Impending death and the use of hospitals by the elderly.

Much attention is now focused on high users of health care. The literature indicates that elderly decedents are more often hospitalized than survivors, but little is known about the relationship of age, sex, and decedents to hospital usage. This paper uses the Manitoba Longitudinal Study on Aging to compare the hospital utilization patterns of elderly survivors and decedents. The results show that (1) the 5 per cent of the elderly who died accounted for 20 per cent of all the hospital days used by all the elderly; (2) impending death was associated with a substantial increase in the relative odds of being hospitalized and of using more than 18 hospital days; and (3) once hospitalized, the youngest decedents, who make up the largest proportion of the elderly population, spent more time in the hospital than those who were older. The findings underline the need for research into what hospitals are doing for decedents and into the quality of decedents' hospital stays.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome with pimozide.

The results of this clinical study of 31 patients with Tourette syndrome suggest that pimozide is more effective and induces fewer side effects than haloperidol in some patients. The clinical advantages of pimozide may be associated with its more specific dopamine-blocking properties and the absence of significant norepinephrine effects. The authors recommend further controlled study of exclusive dopamine antagonists in the treatment of Tourette syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The physician visit patterns of chiropractic users: health-seeking behavior of the elderly in Manitoba, Canada.

To assess the effect of chiropractic use on overall health care utilization patterns, the volume and pattern of ambulatory physician visits by elderly persons having contact with chiropractors are compared with those having contact with physicians only. This analysis is based on data representative of the Canadian Province of Manitoba's entire elderly population; they are drawn from interviews and from claims filed routinely as part of Manitoba's universally insured health care services. The results show that chiropractic services do not substitute for physician services among the elderly in a province which fully insures medical services and a limited number of chiropractic visits. The data suggest that, under these conditions, some elderly chiropractic users consume more physician services than other elderly of equal health status, in addition to visiting chiropractors.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Calcitonin effects on isolated bone cells.

Calcitonin decreased calcium uptake in specific rat bone cell populations obtained by sequential collagenase digestions of calvaria. The calcitonin effect on calcium uptake was observed in the same populations that manifested calcitonin-induced increases in cyclic AMP as well as high levels of acid phosphatase and the ability to release 45Ca from prelabeled devitalized bone. No effect of calcitonin was observed in cell populations that had high levels of alkaline phosphatase and lacked the potential to resorb devitalized bone. These results suggest that changes in cell calcium as well as cyclic AMP may be involved in the mode of action of calcitonin on osteoclast-like cells.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Post-tetanic potentiation at an identified synapse in Aplysia is correlated with a Ca2+-activated K+ current in the presynaptic neuron: evidence for Ca2+ accumulation.

We have examined the presynaptic changes underlying post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) in Aplysia by using voltage-clamp techniques combined with specific pharmacological blocking agents. The amplitude and time course of PTP parallel a slow outward clamp current that we have identified as a Ca2+-activated K+ current. Because this current is proportional to intracellular Ca2+ concentration our findings provide evidence for the "residual Ca2+ hypothesis," according to which PTP is caused by the accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ after tetanus. To obtain further evidence for this mechanism we injected EGTA intracellularly and found that it decreased the duration of both PTP and the Ca2+ -activated K+ current.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1982

Acute leukemia as a natural sequel to primary thrombocythemia.

A 70-year-old woman had primary thrombocythemia for three years. She received no specific therapy, but developed acute leukemia. The progression of primary thrombocythemia to leukemia is rare and has not been well-documented in the absence of preceding therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Non-invasive assessment of changes in left ventricular relaxation by combined phono-, echo-, and mechanocardiography.

In order to investigate interrelations between early diastolic events, simultaneous apex-, phono-,f and echocardiograms were recorded in 10 normal and 55 patients with ischaemic heart disease. In normal subjects isovolumic relaxation time measured as A2 to mitral valve opening was 72 +/- 9 ms, the interval A2-0 point was 116 +/0 15 ms, and the amplitude of the f wave of the apexcardiogram relative to the total amplitude was 11 +/- 2%. In patients with a normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (less than 15 mmHg), isovolumic relaxation time was prolonged to 99 +/- 18 ms, A2-0 point to 162 +/- 5 ms, and the relative height of the f wave was increased to 21 +/- 4%. Isovolumic relaxation time and A2-0 point interval both showed significant inverse correlation with left ventricular diastolic pressure. Glyceryl trinitrate administration or isometric stress both caused well recognised changes in arterial pressure and cavity size. Neither had any additional effect during early diastole in normal subjects. In the patients, however, glyceryl trinitrate prolonged isovolumic relaxation time, delayed the 0 point of the apexcardiogram with respect to A2, increased the interval 0 point - f wave, and reduced the relative amplitude of the f wave. Isometric stress had the opposite effects. These changes extend beyond the end of ventricular relaxation and so are more readily explained on a mechanical basis, possibly as oscillations whose periodicity and degree of damping were increased by glyceryl trinitrate and decreased by isometric stress.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1982

Independence of changes in left ventricular diastolic properties of pericardial pressure.

There has been much interest in the published reports as to the extent to which measured left ventricular diastolic properties are affected by the pericardium. In this study observations were made on 24 patients, seven days after cardiopulmonary bypass. Left ventricular dimensions were measured from echocardiographic recordings and left ventricular diastolic pressure assessed from measurements of isovolumic relaxation time. Pericardial pressure was measured directly using a small solid state transducer inserted into the pericardial space at the time of operation. Left ventricular diastolic properties were altered by either isometric handgrip or glyceryl trinitrate administration. Isometric handgrip produced an increase in cavity dimension at end-systole and diastole, with reduction in isovolumic relaxation time, suggesting an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; glyceryl trinitrate produced the reverse effect, with decreased cavity dimensions and prolongation of isovolumic relaxation time. These changes occurred in the absence of significant changes in pericardial pressure. We therefore conclude that even in the rather unusual conditions of the early postoperative period, when the sensitivity of pericardial pressure to small volume changes might be expected to be increased, substantial changes in left ventricular diastolic properties can occur without detectable alteration in pericardial pressure.

Blood Pressure↗