The influence of glutathione (1 mmol/L) (GSH) on in vitro mucosal uptake and in vivo absorption of 75Se-labeled selenite (10 mumol/L) was investigated in rat jejunum. For comparison, the effect of L-cysteine (1 mmol/L) on in vivo absorption of 75Se-labeled selenite was also studied. In the in vitro uptake experiments, only the mucosal surface was exposed to the incubation medium for 3 min. For the in vivo experiments, a luminal perfusion technique was employed. GSH inhibited in vitro mucosal Se uptake, whereas absorption in vivo was stimulated by GSH. L-Cysteine also stimulated in vivo Se absorption, confirming former in vitro mucosal uptake experiments. Thus, unlike L-cysteine, GSH affected in vitro and in vivo absorption of Se from selenite differently. Enzymatic cleavage of products of the reaction of selenite with GSH occurring more efficiently under in vivo than in vitro conditions may be a prerequisite for the stimulatory effect of GSH on Se absorption. This apparently does not apply to the stimulatory effect of cysteine. Since GSH occurs in the intestinal lumen under physiological conditions, it may contribute to the high bioavailability of Se from selenite.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulation of mucosal uptake of selenium from selenite by some thiols at various sites of rat intestine.

The influence of several thiols (conc. 1 mmol/L) on mucosal uptake of 75Se from 75Se-labeled selenite (conc. 10 mumol/L) across the brush border of rat jejunum and cecum was investigated in vitro using a short-term uptake technique. L-Cysteine (L-Cys) stimulated 75Se uptake in the mid- and distal jejunum and cecum, but not in the proximal jejunum. The effect was maximal in the distal jejunum. D-Cys was less effective in the jejunum and similarly effective in the cecum. L-Leucine (L-Leu) and L-glutamic acid significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of L-Cys on Se uptake in the distal jejunum, whereas the respective effect of D-Cys was not diminished by L-Leu. Cysteamine stimulated mucosal 75Se uptake at all intestinal sites tested, whereas the effect of mercaptopyruvate was restricted to the distal jejunum. Thioglycolate also enhanced 75Se uptake in the distal jejunum. The stimulatory effects of L-Cys, mercaptopyruvate, and thioglycolate were Na(+)-dependent, whereas the effect of cysteamine also occurred in the absence of Na+. Mercaptosuccinate, D-penicillamine, ergothioneine, and thiosulfate did not enhance mucosal 75Se uptake. It is concluded from these findings that the reaction of some thiols with selenite results in Se compounds that are rapidly absorbed by the intestinal epithelium through various Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent mechanisms. The high bioavailability of Se from selenite found by others might thus be the result of the presence of thiols in the gastrointestinal tract.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Skier's thumb. Surgical treatment of recent injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb's metacarpophalangeal joint.

Acute rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the thumb is often sustained in downhill skiing accidents an is hence called "skier's thumb." All complete ruptures seen at our hospital between 1975 and 1979 were operated using the "fishhook" pullout wire technique. Follow-up results 29 months after early operation are presented for 47 cases. The overall results are excellent in 29, good in 14, and fair in 3 patients. Our result had to be considered a failure. No patient had serious functional impairment or major constant pain. No patient took any pain medication. No reintervention was necessary. The distal bony avulsions showed the most favorable prognosis, and the ligamentous midsubstance tears, the least favorable. The fishhook pullout wire technique can be used in both ligamentous and bony avulsions of the ulnar collateral ligament and provides good or excellent results in 90% of the cases.

Athletic Injuries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Possibilities of physical therapy in acute arthritis].

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Arthritis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Value and characteristics of physical medicine and health resort medicine in advanced age].

Physical medicine and spa medicine both have the impetus of rehabilitation in common. In addition, they share the therapeutical orientation toward the performance capacity of organs and functional systems, as well as to activities of daily living, the consideration of chronobiological rules of training and adaptation, and an acknowledging of the fact that diseases and, therefore, the basics of rehabilitation are constantly changing. With increasing age the relation of therapy to function resp. rehabilitation becomes increasingly important. Gerontorehabilitation is distinguished from general rehabilitation by the following three characteristics: a) the focus on particular diseases of the elderly, for instance osteoporosis; b) the therapeutical awareness of multimorbidity with the obvious involution of the skeletal muscle mass, the labilization and generalization of vegetative reactions and the special psychosocial situation; c) the consideration of specific reactions of the organism in advanced age to additional and unexpected events (immobilization syndrome, regulative rigidity, long-term adaptation). Gerontorehabilitation has to deal with specific problems of the elderly, problems that may seem medically banal, but which may be partly either serious or at least very inconvenient, e.g., the multifactorial-caused kyphosis, motor deficiency and slowed reactions, the tendency to fall, itching or stinging extremities due to many causes, latent heart insufficiency of undetermined origin, disturbance of sleep and therefore of recreation, and impairment of higher brain functions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗