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Biomedical subjects

E Seifert

Publications and source records attributed to E Seifert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Can dental prostheses influence vocal parameters?

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Alterations to the oral cavity caused by dental prostheses can affect speech articulation, whereas the influence of dental prostheses on the voice is unknown. For 1 patient, the fundamental frequency rose by up to 5 semitones during speech and his voice range was enlarged by up to 4 semitones when a thin denture was used instead of his normal denture. In this patient, intraoral needlepoint registration revealed a more rostral position of the mandible with the thin denture when compared with the normal denture. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effects of such changes on phonation by varying the dentures of 20 subjects in line with those of the first patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The volumes of the test dentures were reduced and the vertical and horizontal dimensions of occlusion were varied. The influences of these changed dentures on speaking fundamental frequency, voice range (in semitones), and lowest and highest frequencies of the voice range were examined with a Homoth phonomat. RESULTS: A statistically significant influence of the different dentures on the investigated voice parameters was not proven; however, audible changes to the voice parameters for persons were documented. CONCLUSIONS: Variations of thickness and or volume of dentures and of the vertical and horizontal dimension of occlusion may result in unpredictable audible changes to the voice. Patients should be informed about possible effects of modified or new dentures on their voice.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1999

Short Barrett: prevalence and risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of adenocarcinoma at the gastro-oesophageal junction is on the increase. These carcinomas are usually diagnosed too late and thus have a poor prognosis. Only early diagnosis can improve the situation. Classical Barrett oesophagus (length, >3 cm) is a known precancerous condition. There is also specialized columnar epithelium (SCE) in the grossly unremarkable gastro-oesophageal transitional zone (short Barrett). METHODS: To determine the frequency of SCE, 370 patients were investigated by gastroscopy (OGD) consecutively between September 1995 and February 1996. RESULTS: Classical Barrett oesophagus was found to have an incidence of 4.6%. In contrast, microscopic evidence of SCE was observed in 13.6% of the cases. Patients with short Barrett presented with reflux symptoms (odds ratio (OR), 4.7), irregular zona serrata ('tongues') in the cardia (OR, 2.8), and reflux oesophagitis significantly more frequently. Patients with reflux symptoms and concomitant 'tongues', however, had an OR of 13.16. Careful history-taking, together with a subtle histologic work-up of the gastro-oesophageal transitional zone can improve the rate of detecting patients with short Barrett. CONCLUSION: Patients with reflux symptoms and irregular zona serrata should be selectively biopsied at the gastro-oesophageal junction, even when the latter presents a grossly normal appearance, with the aim of detecting patients at risk of developing a Barrett carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Simultaneous MALT-type lymphoma and early adenocarcinoma of the stomach associated with Helicobacter pylori gastritis.

We report about two cases of combined gastric lymphoma and gastric carcinoma with one of them representing a case of early gastric high grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) with co-existing early gastric adenocarcinoma. In contrast to most previously reported similar cases, in both of our cases the definitive diagnosis of gastric lymphoma and carcinoma was obtained preoperatively. This, however, seems to be in future times an essential prerequisite for employing minimal invasive methods such as eradication therapy in the case of diagnosed early lymphoma and endoscopic treatment for early gastric carcinomas. These methods have been proven to be an effective and beneficial alternative treatment especially with regard to the life quality of the patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Articulation in children with Down's syndrome. A pilot study.

The articulation of children with Down's syndrome (trisomie 21, T21) in comparison to a group of age-matched normal probands was investigated in a clinical study, using digital sonagraphics (recording of frequency, amplitude and time of the speech signal), with peripheral factors taken into consideration. The T21-Group (n = 10) revealed a higher variability as well as a longer articulation of the test word "Tasse" than the Control Group (n = 10). There was no clear-cut dependence of speed and quality of articulation on all of the peripheral factors evaluated (Angle Class, overbite, oral motor ability, hearing disorder, logopedics, Castillo-Morales stimulating plate treatment). The results of our investigation show differing patterns of articulation in T21 children compared with normal probands, using a reproducible method. A clear-cut influence of various influencing peripheral factors as reported in the literature could not be found for the T21-Group. Thus, central factors seem to have a great impact on articulation in T21 patients.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1998

Changes in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in the antrum and corpus during 12 months of treatment with omeprazole and lansoprazole in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that treatment with omeprazole leads to aggravation of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in the corpus. Whether this also applies to lansoprazole, and whether, in comparison with omeprazole, there are differences in therapy-induced gastritis parameter changes remains unclear. METHODS: In 111 patients infected with H. pylori and with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease we investigated the gastritis parameters in antral and corpus mucosa before and after 2, 6 and 12 months of treatment with 15 or 30 mg lansoprazole or 20 mg omeprazole/day. RESULTS: In all groups the different treatments had a similar effect: in both regions of the stomach, suppression or partial elimination of H. pylori was seen. However, improvement in the inflammation was observed only in the antrum, while in the corpus most gastritis parameters worsened significantly. There was no increase in intestinal metaplasia or atrophy. CONCLUSION: In common with omeprazole, lansoprazole aggravates the gastritis parameters in the corpus but improves them in the antrum. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors does not result in any increase in the incidence of atrophy/intestinal metaplasia. However, as gastritis predominating in the corpus seems to be associated with an elevated carcinogenic risk, consideration should be given to prophylactic H. pylori eradication therapy before initiating proton pump inhibitor treatment.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1998

Effects of baclofen on the Hering-Breuer inspiratory-inhibitory and deflation reflexes in rats.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptor agonist, injected into the nucleus of the solitary tract, on the Hering-Breuer inspiratory-inhibitory (TI-inhibitory) and deflation reflexes in urethan-anesthetized adult Wistar rats (n = 7). The TI-inhibitory reflex was estimated from changes in peak amplitude of the integrated diaphragmatic electromyogram and inspiratory time (TI) provoked by airway occlusion at end expiration. The deflation reflex was evaluated from changes in TI and expiration (TE) of the first two breaths (TI-1, TE-1 and TI-2, TE-2) immediately after a decrease in tracheal pressure (Ptr). Under control conditions, airway occlusion at end-TE prolonged TI (66 +/- 5%; mean +/- SE) and the following TE (54 +/- 11%). Decreases in Ptr, from -2 to -5 cmH2O, evoked an increase in TI and shortening of TE of both breaths. Both effects were Ptr dependent, and TI-1 and TE-1 differed from TI-2 and TE-2, suggesting a rapid adaptation to the stimulus. At Ptr of -5 cmH2O, TI-1 and TI-2 increased by 30 +/- 2 and 43 +/- 6%, respectively, and TE-1 and TE-2 decreased by 53 +/- 4 and 33 +/- 7%, respectively. During unloaded breathing, 60 pmol baclofen prolonged TI by 120 +/- 11% and left TE unaffected. Baclofen abolished vagally mediated changes in TE. On the other hand, the TI increases caused by either airway occlusion (24 +/- 8%) or Ptr of -5 cmH2O (TI-1; 16 +/- 5%) were still significant, but TI-1 and TI-2 were not different. A GABAB receptor antagonist, CGP-35348 (2.8 nmol), reversed these effects of baclofen. These results imply that stimulation of GABAB receptors attenuates but does abolish vagally mediated control of TI. The difference in effects of baclofen on the central and vagal control of TI and TE suggests different distribution of GABAB receptors in neuronal networks controlling each of these respiratory phases.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The influence of body temperature on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions.

Thirty patients undergoing open heart surgery under induced hypothermia had transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) recorded during cooling to 26.07 degrees C (standard deviation (SD) 4.25 degrees C) vesically measured temperature and 24.86 degrees C (SD 4.7 degrees C) nasopharyngeally measured temperature respectively. Subsequently tè patients were rewarmed until normal body temperature was reached again. There was a clear influence of body temperature on the amplitudes and reproducibilities of the TEOAE. The relationship of temperature and amplitude or reproducibility during the cooling phase was significantly different from that during rewarming. No TEOAE were measurable during cooling at a mean temperature lower than 33.41 degrees C (SD 2.04 degrees C) vesical temperature and 30.16 degrees C (SD 3.0 degrees C) nasopharyngeal temperature respectively. During rewarming the echoes became recognizable again at a mean temperature of 28.75 degrees C (SD 3.38 degrees C) vesical temperature and 27.49 degrees C (SD 2.99 degrees C) nasopharyngeal temperature. These results suggest a hysteresis in the relationship between the amplitude of TEOAE and temperature, similar to the well-established relationship between evoked potentials and temperature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[An unusual course of low-malignancy non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the stomach].

We report on a 51-year-old women, who suffered from a low-grade lymphoma of the stomach (MALT-lymphoma) and underwent subtotal gastrectomy in 1991. Two years later she developed a relapse of her MALT-lymphoma. She was treated with two Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies which led to complets remission of the lymphoma. In 1994 she developed a high-grade conchal lymphoma and underwent conchotomy. No moleculargenetic evidence of any relationship between the two lymphomas was found.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1997

Dentistry and speech production. Correlations between the morphology of the articulation zone and acoustics exemplified in /s/ articulation.

Many factors are thought to be responsible for misarticulation. Maxillomandibular or dental irregularities play an important role as one of these factors. Correlations between morphological changes in dental status and speech disorders are well known, but different opinions are discussed in the literature. A reciprocal relationship between dysfunction and various dental irregularities is assumed. The objective of our review and experimental investigations was to document the influence of dental irregularities on speech articulation as exemplified by the second articulation zone and /s/ articulation. The second articulation zone was experimentally changed by application of dental cement to the palatal surface of the upper incisors. Various words were spoken before and just after the change to the frontal teeth. The /s/ articulations were acoustically analyzed by means of sonography and compared with each other. Although this modification of the teeth, which was identical in all probands, leads to /s/ misarticulation from the standpoint of auditory analysis, interindividual differences were recorded by acoustic means. It is thus possible to differentiate objectively between acoustically correct and incorrect /s/ articulation. Speech and articulation are, however, such complex mechanisms that it is impossible to characterize them by simple causal connections with maxillomandibular or dental irregularities.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1997

Regression of gastric MALT lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori is predicted by endosonographic staging. MALT Lymphoma Study Group.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Recent studies suggest that eradication of Helicobacter pylori may result in complete regression of low-grade lymphoma of the gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). Which patients benefit from this treatment is unknown. The aim of this study was to prospectively study whether staging by echoendoscopy predicts the outcome of treatment of MALT lymphoma by eradication of H. pylori. METHODS: Twenty-two patients positive for H. pylori with low-grade gastric B-cell MALT lymphoma were examined by echoendoscopy at the time of diagnosis. Treatment for H. pylori consisted of a 2-week course of oral omeprazole and amoxicillin. Patients were followed up by endoscopy and biopsy. RESULTS: H. pylori was eradicated in all patients. Complete regression of MALT lymphoma was observed in 12 patients (54%), partial regression in 5 patients (23%), and no response in 5 patients (23%) during follow-up. Twelve of 14 patients with lymphoma restricted to the mucosa or submucosa (stage E-I1) at echoendoscopy, but none of the 10 patients with higher stage (P < 0.01), showed complete regression of MALT lymphoma. In stage E-I1 patients, the probability of complete regression of lymphoma was 60% at 6, 79% at 12, and reached 100% at 14 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Staging of gastric low-grade MALT lymphomas by endoscopic ultrasonography allows prediction of the response to therapy by eradication of H. pylori.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Otoacoustic emissions as indicators of neurologically based hearing loss in childhood.

One of the most frequent causes of sensorineural hearing loss in childhood is damage to outer hair cells of the cochlea. The presence of otoacoustic emissions, generated by outer hair cells, provides evidence for normal hearing. This finding, however, may give rise to false reassurance, because even severe hearing loss, localized behind the cochlea, can be associated with normal otoacoustic emissions. The coexistence of otoacoustic emissions and hearing loss calls for the prompt exclusion of neurological disease.

Child↗
PubMed1997

Is the polymerase chain reaction or cure of Helicobacter pylori infection of help in the differential diagnosis of early gastric mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma?

PURPOSE: The differential diagnosis of early gastric mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) lymphoma based on Helicobacter pylori gastritis may be difficult when lymphoepithelial lesions are not detected. The aim of the present study was to investigate the question whether the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or cure of H pylori infection may be of help in this respect. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with suspected low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas were treated in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial with 2,250 mg of either amoxicillin or placebo, both in combination with omeprazole, for 14 days with the aim to cure H pylori infection. PCR was performed using primers specific for the CDR3 region to detect monoclonal B cells. RESULTS: In five of 20 patients, MALT lymphomas were finally diagnosed. Three of these five patients went into complete remission, while two were referred to surgery. In the 15 patients with gastritis, complete regression was observed in all cases. With respect to PCR, monoclonal bands were detected in all four of the analyzed lymphoma patients before histology showed lymphoma. In addition, monoclonal bands were found in three patients with gastritis. In the patients with gastritis and monoclonal PCR, complete regression took longer as compared with the remaining 12 patients with polyclonal PCR and gastritis (P = .0209). Successful H pylori eradication was associated with earlier diagnosis of the MALT lymphoma (P = .0237). CONCLUSION: CDR3-PCR may be of help in the differential diagnosis of early gastric MALT lymphoma. Furthermore, H pylori eradication may lead to earlier diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Chemotherapeutic management of head and neck malignancies with positron emission tomography.

OBJECTIVE: Antineoplastic chemotherapy in cases of nonresectable advanced malignancies of the head and neck can be very debilitating for the patient. For individual treatment planning, it is important to evaluate the early clinical effect of therapy. Morphological parameters, such as the size of the tumor and its relationship to adjacent structures, which can be determined by a number of imaging procedures, hardly reflect early therapeutic effects. Therefore, the metabolic activity of the tumor should be studied during antineoplastic therapy. DESIGN: Positron emission tomography was performed in 12 patients with metastasizing squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx before and after the first chemotherapeutic cycle. RESULTS: The fludeoxyglucose F 18 uptake was increased in all tumors and lymph nodes. In most lesions, an obvious response to treatment was observed after the first cycle of chemotherapy. However, differences in metabolic activity and changes in metabolism occurred during therapy. The treatment response varied in different lymph nodes in the same patient. There was a linear relation between metabolic change and growth rate during therapy, with different regression functions for tumors and lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Positron emission tomography provides absolute and comparable quantitative data on tumor metabolism before and after chemotherapy. It is therefore a useful method for observation and possible improvement of therapeutic measures in patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1995

Baclofen attenuates cardiorespiratory effects of vagal C fiber stimulation in rats.

We tested the hypothesis that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting on GABA B receptors modulates vagal C fiber mediated reflexes. The effects of a GABA B receptor agonist, (-)-baclofen, injected bilaterally into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), on the cardiorespiratory response to C fiber stimulation with phenyldiguanide (PDG) introduced into the right atrium were evaluated in urethane-anesthetized Wistar rats. We recorded integrated diaphragmatic EMG (Di) and mean arterial blood pressure (ABP). Before injections of baclofen into the NTS, PDG caused bradycardia, hypotension, and apnea, followed by a decrease in Di amplitude and variable changes in respiratory timing. Only injections of baclofen at 0.6 mm caudal to the obex reduced or prevented the PDG-evoked apnea. In contrast, independent of site of injection baclofen diminished bradycardia and the decrease in Di in postapnea breaths. The ABP response to PDG was never affected by baclofen. A GABA B receptor antagonist, CGP 35348, fully restored the responses to PDG, but CGP 35348 alone did not affect the responses to PDG. Our results suggest that GABA B receptors are present on neurons in the medullary pathway of vagal C fibers. In the caudal NTS, GABA B receptors modulate the PDG-evoked apnea, and within the larger area of the NTS these receptors modulate bradycardia and postapnea patterns of breathing. The absence of effects of CGP 35348 alone implies that GABA B receptors on the vagal C fiber pathway are not tonically active in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Gastroesophageal reflux: current status of therapy].

The aim in treatment of reflux oesophagitis is to relieve symptoms as well as to prevent complications and recurrence of the disease. The obvious preventive measures as abstinence from alcohol and nicotine and to sleep in a raised bed are useful for the health of the patient in general, but application on a whole is not possible and their efficiency in therapy of reflux oesophagitis is questionable. As to pharmaceutical treatment, proton pump inhibitors are the first line therapy. Such treatment enables the raising of pH levels over 4 to enable efficient acid blocking. It works directly on the key enzyme without being influenced by other environmental factors. Proton pump inhibitors have few side effects and they are suitable for long term treatment. In comparison to other medications proton pump inhibitors have proved to be significantly better in reducing symptoms of reflux oesophagitis in a shorter time. They also reduce healing time of peptic lesions and have proved to be efficient in higher stages of reflux oesophagitis and even in cases resistant to H2-inhibitors. H2-inhibitors have lost their place in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis with the arrival of proton pump inhibitors, because they are less effective, have a comparable number of side effects and are not prophylactic against relapse. Only patients complaining of reflux symptoms without provable morphological changes in the oesophago-gastral region are suitable for treatment with antacida or H2-inhibitors. There is a strict indication for long term treatment in stages with severe morphological changes (stage III or IV according to Savary and Miller) and in prevention of symptomatical relapse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antacids↗
PubMed1995

[Pedicled polypoid carcinosarcoma: a very rare esophageal tumor].

Neoplasms of the esophagus normally appear either as a exophytic-polypoid form, or as an infiltrating carcinoma or as an ulcerating tumor. We report on a 86 year old man suffering from the rare case of a pedicle polypoid tumor of the esophagus histologically diagnosed as a carcinosarcoma. We discuss the histological problems and our diagnostic and therapeutic proceeding.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Observation of gastric glandular cysts in the corpus mucosa of the stomach under omeprazole treatment.

In patients undergoing long-term treatment with omeprazole, tiny gastric polyps, described histologically as glandular cysts, have occasionally been reported. We report on a further nine patients (5 women and 4 men) undergoing omeprazole treatment who developed endoscopically visible and histologically verified glandular cysts. Eight patients were on long-term treatment with omeprazole for reflux oesophagitis, and the glandular cysts were observed between 8 and 60 months after the start of treatment. In one patient with an NSAID-induced ulcer, a tiny polyp was found only three weeks after initiation of treatment. None of the patients had Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. The cysts, which measured between 0.25 and 0.7 mm in diameter, were mostly lined with flattened parietal and chief cells, but in three cases also with foveolar epithelium, so that they could not be reliably distinguished from Elster's gastric glandular cysts. These glandular cysts are harmless, and do not require further diagnostic or therapeutic measures. They probably develop spontaneously independently of the omeprazole therapy.

Adult↗