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Biomedical subjects

E Seidman

Publications and source records attributed to E Seidman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Screening tests for enteropathy in children.

Three widely used screening tests for enteropathy in childhood are the lactose breath hydrogen test, the one-hour serum D-xylose absorption test, and the 72-hour fecal fat determination. To our knowledge, no study has compared these three tests and jejunal biopsy results. A retrospective survey of all jejunal biopsy results at Children's Hospital, Boston, from July 1983 to July 1984 was undertaken to evaluate which test best predicted a normal biopsy result. None of the screening tests was ideal. The lactose breath test had low sensitivity and specificity and did not correlate significantly with biopsy results. The D-xylose and fecal fat tests were each significantly correlated with biopsy results; a normal result of either test was highly predictive of a normal biopsy result. Combining the results of two or more screening tests did not improve predictive value. The xylose test is preferable on the basis of greater sensitivity and ease of patient compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Gastrointestinal manifestations of Sipple syndrome in children.

The diagnosis and management of patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type IIA and type IIB are of special challenge to pediatric surgeons. Patients characteristically present early in life with significant intestinal symptoms at a time when the characteristic phenotypic features of MEN IIB are frequently absent. We are reporting 12 patients with MEN type II (9 with type IIA and 3 type IIB or Sipple's syndrome), all of whom presented with gastrointestinal manifestations. All 12 patients had signs and symptoms of bowel obstruction during the neonatal period. An unusual association of Hirschsprung's disease and MEN IIA was noted in our nine patients found among a kindred of 92 individuals. All three patients with Sipple's syndrome (MEN IIB) had severe gastrointestinal symptoms since birth, including recurrent pseudoobstruction. The possibility of MEN type II should be considered in all cases of bowel obstruction in the newborn period. Screening for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid must be carried out from infancy. A detailed family history is very important to avoid unnecessary surgery for bowel obstruction in Sipple's syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: study of five cases and review of the literature.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in five children is described and 78 cases in the pediatric age group are reviewed. In 24% of the cases, primary sclerosing cholangitis is not associated with an underlying disease and may appear to be prolonged cholestasis of infancy. When an associated condition is present, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, in particular ulcerative colitis, is most common (47%). Histiocytosis X and a variety of immune disorders account for 15% and 10% of cases, respectively. Primary sclerosing cholangitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic liver disease in the pediatric age group, even in young infants. Results of this survey demonstrate that neither clinical features nor liver function tests are reliable diagnostic predictors, that histologic changes are often nonspecific, and that cholangiography is essential to establish the correct diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Intestinal apoB synthesis, lipids, and lipoproteins in chylomicron retention disease.

Chylomicron retention disease is characterized by fat malabsorption, hypocholesterolemia, normal fasting triglycerides, and marked intestinal steatosis despite the presence of both plasma and intestinal apoprotein B. The defect remains unknown but presumably involves the synthesis or secretion of chylomicrons. The present investigation examines this hypothesis by studying the biosynthesis of chylomicrons in cultured jejunal explants and by defining the quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of plasma lipids and of circulating lipoproteins. Following 2-3 years of a low fat diet supplemented with medium chain triglycerides, six patients with chylomicron retention disease had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels coupled with a decrease in both free (FC) and esterified cholesterol (EC) as well as in essential fatty acids and phospholipids (PL) when compared to healthy controls. The low total plasma cholesterol was largely accounted for by low levels of both low density (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. VLDL and LDL were characterized by a diminished percentage of CE with an increase of TG while HDL contained relatively more FC as well as PL and less CE. The diameter of VLDL was larger whereas those of LDL and HDL were smaller than in normal controls. Jejunal explants, when incubated with [14C]palmitate, were capable of normal biosynthesis of TG, diglycerides, PL, and CE. These lipids, however, except for PL, were retained in the tissue and could not be secreted into the culture medium. Incubation of intestinal biopsies with [3H]leucine and [14C]mannose resulted in normal protein synthesis and reduced glycosylation. The presence of intestinal apoB-48 was confirmed by immunoblot using 2D8 antibodies. These data suggest that the intestinal defect in this disease results from a disorder of the final assembly of chylomicrons or in the mechanism of their exocytosis.

Apolipoproteins B↗
PubMed1986

Gender schema theory and sex role inventories: some conceptual and psychometric considerations.

In this study we assessed whether the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the PRF ANDRO are appropriate for investigations of gender schema theory (Bem, 1981a). Because these instruments were developed for entirely different theoretical purposes, it is important to empirically examine the validity of these measures for investigating the construct of gender schema. On the basis of the propositions of gender schema theory, we made several predictions about the psychometric properties that should be exhibited by a valid measure of this construct. Responses to the PRF ANDRO and the BSRI were factor analyzed separately for sex-typed and non-sex-typed groups. Results show consistent and theoretically predictable differences in the factor solutions of these two groups. The sex-typed or gender-schematic group obtained bipolar factors, with masculine items loading with one sign, whereas feminine items loaded with the other sign on each factor. Also, sex of subject loaded highly on almost every factor for this group. The non-sex-typed group, however, obtained few such distinctly dichotomous factors, and sex of subject loaded only on the weaker factors. Results are interpreted as providing support for the construct validity of at least the BSRI and the PRF ANDRO for use in researching the implications of this approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A social network approach and the revolving door patient.

Traditional psychiatric treatment approaches have not been very successful with the "revolving door patient." A variety of findings suggest that the social network, as opposed to the individual patient, may be a more viable locus for intervention. A conceptual review and analysis of the literature reveals two constructs salient to understanding social networks: flexibility and stability. The networks of revolving door patients are frequently characterized as inflexible and/or unstable. Assessment methods as well as strategies for balancing flexibility and stability are described. Enlarging the network, increasing multiplexity, and/or reducing the negative effects of attitudinal inflexibility encompass the strategies for increasing flexibility, while developing connections between individuals, generating spans between clusters of people in the network, and increasing multiplexity are recommended for increasing stability. The assets and liabilities of each of these strategies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gallbladder wall thickening in acute hepatitis.

Massive gallbladder wall thickening in association with hepatitis was diagnosed in a 13-year-old hemophiliac boy. The gallbladder returned to normal with improvement of clinical symptoms, illustrating the nonsurgical nature of this problem in pediatrics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Crisis intervention and the prevention of institutionalization: an interrupted time series analysis.

In the context of the community mental health movement in Illinois, the evolution and development of a crisis intervention program aimed at avoiding state hospitalization and bringing more appropriate and efficacious resources to bear on the difficulties of the individual and/or family is described. This intervention program is characterized by a more active-seeking style of delivering mental health services. With the novel application of interrupted time series analysis to both the targeted and matched nonequivalent control communities the efficacy of this more active intervention in reducing the number of state hospital administrations diagnosed as "mentally ill" is highlighted. The cost/benefit to the taxpayer is also discussed.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1972

Which AB scale?

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Humans↗