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Biomedical subjects

E Schwarz

Publications and source records attributed to E Schwarz.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Analysis of membrane and surface protein sequences with the hydrophobic moment plot.

An algorithm has been developed which identifies alpha-helices involved in the interactions of membrane proteins with lipid bilayers and which distinguishes them from helices in soluble proteins. The membrane-associated helices are then classified with the aid of the hydrophobic moment plot, on which the hydrophobic moment of each helix is plotted as a function of its hydrophobicity. The magnitude of hydrophobic moment measures the amphiphilicity of the helix (and hence its tendency to seek a surface between hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases), and the hydrophobicity measures its affinity for the membrane interior. Segments of membrane proteins in alpha-helices tend to fall in one of three regions of a hydrophobic moment plot: (1) monomeric transmembrane anchors (class I HLA transmembrane sequences) lie in the region of highest hydrophobicity and smallest hydrophobic moment; (2) helices presumed to be paired (such as the transmembrane M segments of surface immunoglobulins) and helices which are bundled together in membranes (such as bacteriorhodopsin) fall in the adjacent region with higher hydrophobic moment and smaller hydrophobicity; and (3) helices from surface-seeking proteins (such as melittin) fall in the region with still higher hydrophobic moment. alpha-Helices from globular proteins mainly fall in a region of lower mean hydrophobicity and hydrophobic moment. Application of these methods to the sequence of diphtheria toxin suggests four transmembrane helices and a surface-seeking helix in fragment B, the moiety known to have transmembrane function.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Delayed diagnosis of a spontaneous atlanto-axial rotatory dislocation.

Without any known specific cause a 3-year-old boy developed a torticollis. Although the symptoms were treated immediately there was no improvement. Four months later X-rays showed that the dens-atlas distance was enlarged. In spite of this, he was treated by tenotomy and intensive physiotherapy, but the torticollis remained. Two years later a tomogram and a CT showed a complete rotatory dislocation between atlas and axis. At this stage it was impossible to treat the original cause. Physiotherapy was continued to improve the position of the head.

Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
PubMed1983

DNA sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b.

The complete nucleotide sequence of the circular double-stranded DNA of the genital human papillomavirus type 6b (HPV6b) comprising 7902 bp was determined and compared with the DNA sequences of human papillomavirus type 1a (HPV1a) and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1). All major open reading frames are located on one DNA strand only. Their arrangement reveals that the genomic organization of HPV6b is similar to that of HPV1a and BPV1. The putative early region includes two large open reading frames E1 and E2 with marked amino acid sequence homologies to HPV1a and BPV1 which are flanked by several smaller frames. The internal part of E2 completely overlaps with another open reading frame E4. The putative late region contains two large open reading frames L1 and L2. The L1 amino acid sequences are highly conserved among analyzed papillomavirus types. By sequence comparison, potential promoter, splicing and polyadenylation signals can be localized in HPV6b DNA suggesting possible mechanisms of genital papillomavirus gene expression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

[Cancer of the so-called "empty breast" and its relation to Wolfe's classification of parenchymal patterns].

Carcinoma in the 'empty breast' in our experience is so common that we doubt Wolfe's conclusions in his classification of parenchymal patterns. Amongst patients over 60 years, almost 70% of carcinomas were situated in an 'empty' parenchyma and they did not develop in a parenchymal group above P1. Mammographically, the 'empty breast' is the structureless fatty breast of older women after the menopause. Some authors believe that there is a lower incidence of carcinomas in this type of breast than in other types of parenchyma, such as those showing mastopathies. Our experience concerning carcinomas in involuted breasts is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Two distant clusters of partially homologous small repeats of Epstein-Barr virus are transcribed upon induction of an abortive or lytic cycle of the virus.

The two regions of the Epstein-Barr virus genome carrying partially homologous clusters of short tandem repeats (DSL and DSR [duplicated sequences, left and right, respectively] ) are transcribed into polyadenylated RNA upon spontaneous or chemical induction of the lytic virus cycle. In Raji, an Epstein-Barr virus genome carrying a nonproducer cell line, transcription of DSL and DSR is only observed upon induction of an abortive life cycle of the virus. In the nonproducer cell line Raji, the polyadenylated transcripts of DSL and DSR are about 2,500 and 2,700 bases, respectively, in length. Four different spontaneous Epstein-Barr virus producer lines, M-ABA, CC34-5, QIMR-WIL, and B95-8, differ in the length of their DSL and/or DSR regions by different numbers of tandem repeats. The size of the RNAs corresponds in all cases to the size of the respective cluster of repeats, indicating that a large part of each RNA species is colinearly transcribed from the entire tandem repeat arrays. Both the DSL and the DSR RNAs have the same polarity proceeding from right to left on the Epstein-Barr virus genome. DNA sequence analysis of the DSR repeat revealed that translation of the RNA would be possible in three open reading frames within the repeat cluster. Short homologies to herpes simplex virus IR-TR sequences and to immunoglobulin switch region sequences (IgH-S) are discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

The Danish oral health care service for children: its achievements.

Child dental services in Denmark were legally defined in 1971 and have functioned under this law for about a decade. Although no operational goals were defined, it is fair to say that the activities and results of the service have lived up to the expectations held at the inception of the law. The evaluation and planning system has made it possible to monitor developments in health as well as the use of resources. There have been consistent trends towards improved dental health in children and at the same time no increases in the use of personnel. There is general agreement in society that child services should remain a public activity. Pressures upon the services in the years to come must be expected to mount due to increased competition for scarce resources, simultaneous improvement in dental health and a reduction in the number of children. These pressures will stimulate a re-examination of goals within the service so that appropriate short and long term local action can be taken before outside influences force changes with deleterious effects on the structure and function of the service. The success of the service and its ultimate achievements, therefore, will have to be measured against its abilities to adapt to changes in health as well as to an economic situation which will be more demanding than hitherto.

Adolescent↗