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Biomedical subjects

E Schwartz

Publications and source records attributed to E Schwartz.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Response to long-term deferoxamine therapy in thalassemia.

We evaluated decreasing deferoxamine-induced urinary iron excretion during intensive chelation therapy in four children with thalassemia. Patients received daily intramuscular or subcutaneous therapy as well as intermittent intravenous infusions of high doses of DFO. Iron excretion fell by more than 80% in three patients and decreased by 45% in the fourth. Ferritin concentrations returned to normal or near normal values in all patients. Serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation steadily declined in one of four patients. Supplemental vitamin C was no longer required for normal vitamin C stores or maximum iron excretion in one patient after 26 months of chelation therapy. Interruption of chelation therapy was not followed by increased iron excretion after resumption of treatment with DFO. Decreasing DFO-induced iron excretion occurs during long-term, intensive chelation therapy, and may be the result of substantial reduction of excessive iron stores rather than of tachyphylaxis or transient depletion of an intracellular chelatable iron pool.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Binge-eating and vomiting: a survey of a college population.

A survey of 355 college students was carried out to determine the prevalence of the psychiatric disorder bulimia (the binge-eating syndrome). Results of the survey indicate that, within the normal college population, 13% experienced all of the major symptoms of bulimia as outlined in the DSM-III. Within the bulimia population, 87% were females (19% of the female population) and 13% were males (5% of the male population). Although self-induced vomiting may accompany other symptoms of bulimia, the result suggest that self-induced vomiting is not a necessary symptom for diagnosis. A significant relationship between laxative use and self-induced vomiting was detected. These forms of behaviour, termed purging behaviour, occurred in an average of 10% of the students. Individuals who experienced the symptoms of bulimia had a history of being overweight or tended to be in the upper portion of their normal weight range (age, sex, and weight corrected) when compared with those individuals who had not experienced the symptoms of bulimia. No significant weight history differences were detected between vomiters and non-vomiters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Growth retardation in fetal alcohol syndrome. Unresponsiveness to growth-promoting hormones.

The relationships between growth retardation and metabolic and hormonal parameters were studied in 7 children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Fasting blood concentrations of TSH, T4, T3, FSH and LH were normal. Plasma prolactin concentrations after chlorpromazine stimulation were normal. 3 children had abnormal oral glucose tolerance tests with increased plasma insulin response. Peak plasma growth hormone responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were elevated in 5 patients. Fasting bioassayable serum somatomedin activity, determined in 6 patients, was elevated in 3 patients and normal in 3 patients. Administration of hGH to 3 patients with FAS had little effect upon nitrogen retention and did not increase plasma insulin concentrations, although serum somatomedin activity sharply increased in 1 patient evaluated for somatomedin response. The data indicate that the growth defect in FAS is not due to deficiency of growth-promoting hormones, but rather to peripheral unresponsiveness.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1981

Molecular stability of Hb Philly (alpha 2 beta 2 35(Cl) Tyr leads to Phe). Rhe relationship of hemoglobin stability to ligand state as defined by heat and mechanical shaking tests.

The molecular stability of Hb Philly (alpha 2 beta 2 35(Cl) Tyr leads to Phe) with different ligand states was compared with that of Hb A and Hb S using mechanical shaking and heat stability tests. The rates of mechanical denaturation of the oxy-forms of these hemoglobins decreased in the order of Hb S, Hb Philly, and Hb A, with relative ratios of 9.5: 5.6: 1.0. Upon oxidation to the met-forms, Hb Philly became mechanically most unstable, with ratios of 13.3: 23.0: 1.8, respectively. The deoxy-forms, of Hb A and Hb S were very stable, while that of Hb Philly was as unstable as the oxy-form. The addition of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) to deoxy-Hb Philly stabilized the molecules. Since IHP restores the cooperative oxygen binding of Hp Philly, deoxy-Hb Philly appears to combine with IHP to change the quaternary structure required for cooperative oxygen binding and for stabilization of the molecule.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1981

Preclinical toxicologic studies of netilmicin.

1-N-Ethylsisomicin (netilmicin), a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, was given parenterally to mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and dogs for toxicological evaluation. Acute signs of toxicity were consistent with neuromuscular blockade. Results of teratological studies in rats and rabbits were negative; the only effect observed was wavy ribs, a minor developmental variation, in rats. No effects were found on fertility, reproduction, or development of offspring. Single daily doses of 60 mg/kg s.c. for 10 weeks in young rats and 30 days in young dogs were non-toxic. No indication of toxicity was found in rats and dogs given single daily doses of 7.5 mg/kg i.v. for 2 weeks. Daily i.m. doses caused signs of neuromuscular blockade in rats after 2 weeks at 100 mg/kg and after 1 month at 50 mg/kg, and in dogs after 2 months at 75 mg/kg; dose levels of 150 mg/kg did not cause renal failure. No ocular changes or impairment of vestibular or auditory function were evident at any dose studied. Comparison with tobramycin, gentamicin, and kanamycin at s.c. doses of 50 or 150 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks showed netilmicin to be less nephrotoxic in rats than tobramycin or gentamicin and only slightly more nephrotoxic than kanamycin. Only mild changes were seen microscopically in kidneys of dogs given netilmicin at daily doses of 75 mg/kg i.m. for 3 months. The renal effects of netilmicin given at high multiples of the human therapeutic dose were one-half to one-third less that those of gentamicin and were not severe at any dosage.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

[The relation between serum-bacteriostatic activity and the blood groups of patients with lung tuberculosis (author's transl)].

The bacterial activity of sera from 116 patients suffering from various forms of tuberculosis of the lung, pleuritis exsudativa, neoplasm of the lung and histologically verified sarcoidosis of the lung were tested against 12 different strains of mycobacteria. The results obtained were then related to the blood-group of the respective patients. As can be seen from the results, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) between the values of bacterial activity for patients with (1) positive and negative Tb excretion and (2) patients suffering from an indurative and destructive form of tuberculosis of the lung. In contrast, it was not possible to establish statistically significant differences in the level of bacterial activity in patients with different levels of the i.d. tuberculin reaction (3). In patients with positive Tb excretion (4) and patients with destructive tuberculosis of the lung (5) there were increased levels of bacterial activity for all blood-groups if compared with values for patients with negative Tb excretion or patients suffering from indurative forms of lung tuberculosis. A statistical analysis of all results did not confirm the authors' hypothesis that the elevated incidence of destructive forms of tuberculosis and of bacterial excretion among patients having blood-group "O" could be ascribed to an insufficiency of bacteriostatic activity in the sera of these patients.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗