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Biomedical subjects

E Schulz

Publications and source records attributed to E Schulz.

320 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of schizophrenia in children and adolescents. The role of clozapine.

Clozapine is a dibenzodiazepine derivative with established antipsychotic efficacy in adult patients with schizophrenic psychoses. There are more than 15 studies that have also demonstrated the antipsychotic efficacy of clozapine in childhood and adolescent schizophrenia. The main advantages of clozapine treatment in this age group in comparison with typical antipsychotics are: (i) high antipsychotic efficacy during an acute schizophrenic episode; (ii) better improvement in chronic cases with a high load of negative symptoms; and (iii) markedly fewer extrapyramidal adverse effects and, therefore, fairly good tolerability. However, because of its possible adverse effects on the haemopoetic system (granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis), clozapine should not be used as first-line antipsychotic medication. Other adverse effects are related to the cardiovascular system (hypotonia, tachycardia or arrhythmia), the central nervous system (epileptic seizures, fever) and liver function (transient increases in levels of hepatic transaminases). Two other frequent adverse effects are hypersalivation and body-weight gain, which may present a particular problem in adolescents and young adults. Careful monitoring of haematological parameters and other adverse effects are preconditions for a successful treatment programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-managed work teams: what works?

Case studies have shown that under the right circumstances, employees within self-managed work teams (SMWTs) produce more at work than employees organized in a more hierarchical, traditional structure because they perform not only technical skills, but management skills as well. The purpose of this article is to clarify the specific factors most important to an SMWT's success. The information shared here comes from three sources. The primary source is a research project funded by a 3-year grant (1994-1997) from the National Science Foundation. The primary factors found to affect the success of SMWTs formed five groups. Work process factors include those that are needed when actually performing the work, such as the appropriate resources, talent, procedures, and effort. Interpersonal process factors include communication and both positive and negative conflict. Environmental factors include those within the SMWT'S organization, such as management support and the reward system, as well as factors outside the organization, such as suppliers and the market. Team design factors and team member characteristics were found to be equally important to the high performance of the SMWT.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Multiple homicide. Forensic medicine and criminal aspects].

36 human beings, of whom the youngest was one and a half years and the oldest 76 years old, fell victims to 16 multiple homicides each committed by one perpetrator. 7 of the homicides were committed outside the family and other lasting relationships. 9 homicides can be assigned to the group of "family tragedies". As far as the victims of the first group are concerned, the course of events in committing the crimes is of particular medical-criminalistic interest. There is a more detailed description of the constellation of two homicides in the course of which the victims were either removed by burying their corpses or a fire was set in order to keep the crime secret. The way the weapon was used, the dependence on the situation of the crime as well as the perpetrator's behavior after committing the crime are discussed and compared in both case groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[2 fatalities due to hyperthermia in infancy. A contribution to forensic medicine case reports of death caused by heat].

Two infants aged 4 1/2 and 8 months are reported to have been exposed to overheating by an electric blanket and a heating fan in bed for a period of up to approx. 19 hours. Dehydration complicated the effects of overheating. Due to the case history in combination with the autopsy and histological findings as well as the absence of toxicological findings the following diagnosis could be established: "Death from exhaustion as a consequence of long-lasting heat effect and dehydration." The necessity of thorough investigations in causes of death during infancy is shown by means of the two cases above. If possible, the rectal temperature should already be taken by the coroner. The public should get informed about the risks caused by the use of electric cushions, heating fans as well as floorboard heating.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cannabinoid intake by passive smoking].

The presence of cannabinoids in the urine can be produced by passive inhalation of hashish resp. marihuana smoke. The height depends on the intensity of exposure. Under extreme conditions concentrations between 40 to 50 ng/ml of cannabinoids had been found in the urine. In regard to the maximum variation-coefficient of the immunoassay methods, which is about 30%, we think it is useful to define a threshold value of 65 ng/ml of cannabinoids to distinguish between active and passive inhalation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inversion lateral ankle trauma: differential diagnosis, review of the literature, and prospective study.

This study is comprised of 71 patients with inversion injuries. The purpose of this article is to present a logical and orderly approach in evaluating these injuries. A comprehensive review of the literature concerning diagnostic techniques and mechanisms of injury related to inversion ankle trauma is presented. Inversion ankle injuries are frequently misdiagnosed as simple sprains when frequently there are other pathologies present. The standard approach of evaluating inversion ankle injuries is often inadequate.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Trichinosis outbreak in Purranque County, X Region, Chile. October-November, 1992].

An outbreak of trichinosis occurred in Purranque County, X Region, Chile, between october and november of 1992, which involved 36 persons. The incubation period, determined by the clinical picture and laboratory assays, fluctuated between 10 and 12 days. Myalgias (88.9%) and palpebral oedema (86.1%), were the most important symptoms, followed by fever (44.4%) and headache (33.3%). Eosinophils count ranged from two to 42% the first week, and this value raised to 55% the second week of the outbreak. Anti-Trichinella spiralis antibodies were determined by some serological tests such as: precipitin test (PT), bentonite flocculation test (BFT) and indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) in sera from 28 patients at the beginning of the outbreak. PT was positive in 46.4% of the cases, followed by IHAT (21.4%) and BFT (3.6%). After 15 days, the three tests were performed in sera from 12 patients. At that time, the positivity was elevated in all of them: PT (100.0%), BFT (66.7%) and IHAT (91.7%). It is believed that the outbreak had its origin in infected pork meat that was consumed raw or insufficiently cooked without a previous veterinary inspection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Longitudinal study of 24-hour blood pressure behavior in pregnancy and puerperium in patients with normal pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome].

Ante- and postpartum noninvasive 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements were performed in 18 normotensive pregnants and 36 patients with mild (n = 16) or severe preeclampsia (n = 12) or HELLP-syndrome (n = 8). In contrast to normotensive pregnancy (n = 18) displaying a decline of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison with normotensive non-pregnant, preeclamptic women demonstrate significantly elevated blood pressure profiles before delivery that remain elevated up to the eighth week postpartum. 9 out of 12 patients with severe preeclampsia and 6 of 8 women with HELLP-syndrome show a nocturnal increase of blood pressure within the first week postpartum and a non-dipping up to the eighth week after delivery. As a result of this, in preeclamptic women blood pressure control should be extended into the night and antihypertensive therapy should include a sufficient evening dose.

Adult↗