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Biomedical subjects

E Scholten

Publications and source records attributed to E Scholten.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Thauera mechernichensis sp. nov., an aerobic denitrifier from a leachate treatment plant.

A heterotrophic bacterial strain TL1T capable of aerobic denitrification was previously enriched in continuous culture from a landfill leachate treatment plant and isolated as a pure culture. The taxonomic position of this isolate within the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria was determined by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and by conventional taxonomy including substrate spectrum, quinone type (ubiquinone Q-8) and cellular fatty acid composition. Detection of the specific polyamine 2-hydroxyputrescine supports the membership of strain TL1T in the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the strain clustered with, but was separate from, Thauera aromatica and Thauera selenatis. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that the new isolate represents a new species of the genus, for which the name Thauera mechernichensis is proposed; the type strain is DSM 12266T.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1999

A scale to assess activities of daily living in persons affected by leprosy.

The aim of this study was to develop a scale for identifying disability among people in the rural areas of developing countries. The studies were carried out in the Green Pastures Hospital and the leprosy field programme of the Western Region of Nepal. With the help of staff experienced in working with people with disability, a 68-question questionnaire was made, based on the International Classification of Impairments, Activities and Participation (ICIDH-2). A survey was carried out of 269 people affected by leprosy who had impairments, as well as a sample of those who were unimpaired. The survey results were used to develop the questionnaire into a scale, using standard scale development methods. This included checking of criterion validity, discrimination and reliability and stability using weighted kappa statistics. Of the 68 questions, 38 were included in the second draft of the instrument. Eight questions were added to identify difficulty in relationships, about the use of aids and about occupation and employment. The sum score of the scale against the expert score gave a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.72. Intra- and inter-interviewer reliability coefficients were 0.77 (95% CI 0.73-0.81) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.56-0.67), respectively. The stability test gave an overall kappa of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70-0.82). Four questions with particularly poor results were omitted from the final draft of the instrument. An interview-based instrument was developed for identifying limitations in activities of daily living (disability) in people living in a rural setting in a developing country--the Green Pastures Activity Scale (GPAS). The scale performed well during validity and reliability testing. It consists of 34 activity questions, five relationship questions, and three questions on the use of aids, occupation and employment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

[Liposuction].

Liposuction is a frequently applied technique in aesthetic plastic surgery, with which subcutaneous adipose tissue can be removed. In recent decades new techniques of liposuction were developed. This led to better results and fewer complications. Liposuction is indicated as symptomatic treatment of obesity and (or) lipomas. Liposuction is not without risks; patients have to be informed of practical consequences and possible complications of the technique.

Adiposis Dolorosa↗
PubMed1997

[Iatrogenic cicatricial endometriosis].

A woman aged 36, who two years previously had undergone a caesarean section, developed a painful swelling of the scar attributed to cicatricial endometriosis. This is a rare disorder brought about by peroperative displacement of normally or ectopically situated uterine mucous membrane to the surgical wound. There, it may proliferate and cause characteristic signs and symptoms that are simple to diagnose: cyclic pain, swellings and sometimes, bleedings. Pharmaceutical, possible hormonal treatment is of limited value, because cessation of the medication is frequently followed by recurrences. Consequently, ample surgical excision in endometriosis is to be preferred; this is to be regarded as a curative therapy.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1997

Look-back of anti-HCV ELISA-positive, HCV-RNA PCR-negative donors and recipients of their blood products.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To establish the infectivity of anti-HCV ELISA-positive, but cDNA-PCR-negative blood components transfused before the introduction of routine anti-HCV blood donor screening, we enrolled recipients of such blood products in a look-back programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The blood components were donated by (A) RIBA-2-indeterminate and cDNA-PCR-negative donors, and (B) RIBA-2 and cDNA-PCR-negative donors. The look-back comprised 214 blood products from group A donors and 278 from group B. RESULTS: Of 211 recipients of group A components, 66 (31.3%) were available for testing. All other recipients could not be traced, had died, or refused collaboration. Of these 66, 3 patients had independent risk factors for HCV infection and were excluded. All remaining 63 recipients were anti-HCV ELISA-negative. Of 274 recipients of group B components, 84 (30.7%) were available for testing. All others could not be traced, had died, or refused collaboration. Of these 84, six patients had an independent risk factor for HCV infection and were excluded. All remaining 78 recipients were anti-HCV ELISA-negative. None of the recipients of blood products from previous donations of anti-HCV ELISA-positive, cDNA-PCR-negative, and RIBA-2-indeterminate or negative donors were HCV-infected. CONCLUSIONS: Donors and patients with such reactivities in anti-HCV ELISA, RIBA-2, and cDNA-PCR can be assured that they are not infected with HCV. The donors involved can re-enter the donor pool, provided that future donations are anti-HCV ELISA-negative.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1996

Experimental orthotopic small bowel transplantation: a revised model.

Small bowel transplantation is emerging as an alternative treatment for end-stage intestinal failure. To date, immunological and technical problems are still hampering clinical success. Functional experimental small bowel transplantation models have traditionally been plagued with a high technical complication rate. The purpose of this study was to describe in detail the harvesting and transplantation procedure in rats. In this paper the technical aspects of the one-stage, isogenic orthotopic partial small bowel transplantation model with systemic drainage are illustrated. Because of the achieved acceptable survival rate and the favourable functional outcome, the model is considered reliable and reproducible.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Look-back study of infectivity of anti-HCV ELISA-positive blood components.

The infectivity of blood components from donors who were later found to be anti-HCV ELISA-positive was investigated in recipients who were enrolled in a look-back programme. Recipients received ELISA-positive blood components from donors who were PCR-positive and/or RIBA-2-positive (n = 22, group A) or PCR-negative and indeterminate or negative on RIBA-2 (n = 105, group B). 26 of 32 (81%) recipients of group A donors and none of 140 of group B were HCV-infected. All stored serum samples of previous donations (n = 172) of group A donors were anti-HCV-positive in RIBA-3, indicating a chronic carrier state of HCV in these donors.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1992

Electrohydraulic-clamshell heart with energy converter inside the compliance reservoir.

Two new ideas on the electrohydraulic actuation of blood pumps have been combined. The first idea was to put the energy converters that propel the hydraulic fluid inside the compliance reservoir instead of having them separate. Compactness of the device and better cooling of the energy converter by the surrounding fluid are two major advantages of this approach. Secondly, we put the pumping membrane inside a clamshell that fits over a soft ventricle (1). The ventricle can be implanted first, after which the shell is slid over it. These two ideas have resulted in devices described in this paper. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo data are presented.

Animals↗