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Biomedical subjects

E Schnurr

Publications and source records attributed to E Schnurr.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Patient evaluation of prone carts used in spinal cord injury.

Prone carts are used for mobility by individuals with spinal cord injury who cannot use a wheelchair due to the risk of aggravating existing pressure ulcers. A prone cart is a flat/horizontal cart with a fixed height, propelled by the user while laying in a prone position. Patients reported that prolonged use of a prone cart resulted in chronic neck, shoulder and back pain. Additionally the existing prone carts lack user accessible angle adjustability, chest support area, as well as a storage, eating or working area. An interdisciplinary research team collaborated to address these concerns. Three prone carts were evaluated: E&J, Gendron, and a newly developed prototype, MIAD/PVA. Questionnaires were administered to caregivers and patients regarding usage and effectiveness of the prone carts as well as the features of an ideal cart. This data led to the design and refinement of a prototype prone cart which was tested on 20 patients and 19 caregivers at the SCI Centers of the Milwaukee and Tampa VAMC's from 1994-1995. The new prone cart enables the user to lie at an angle rather than laying flat. This position has been found to relieve back and neck pressure. With an hydraulic system, the the user can adjust both the front and rear angles of the cart to achieve desired comfort. In addition, a front deck provides an eating and working area. This study resulted in research-based information and criteria for the design of new prone carts. Findings of this pilot study will be incorporated in a development merit review proposal to the VA Rehabilitation Research & Development service for the design of a new manual and motorized prone cart. The researchers are collaborating with Ortho-Kinetics Inc. to promote ease in manufacturing.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetics and first clinical experiences with an antihypertensive dopamine (DA2) agonist.

The pharmacokinetic properties and first clinical experiences with the antihypertensive dopamine (DA2) agonist, carmoxirole, are summarized. In man carmoxirole was rapidly absorbed. On oral administration the maximum plasma concentration was reached after 2-3 h. The drug was metabolized, mainly to an ester-type glucuronide, and was excreted (unchanged carmoxirole plus glucuronide) largely by the kidneys. The plasma half-life of the parent compound was 5.5 h. For the dose range tested (0.5 to 1.5 mg) the pharmacokinetics were linear. The drug was rapidly distributed in animals but only very small amounts penetrated the blood-brain barrier. Carmoxirole did not affect supine blood pressure in healthy subjects, but under the conditions of the Schellong's test some orthostatic reactions occurred with high doses. In patients the blood pressure was reduced for at least 8 h after single oral doses. On repeated administration for several weeks a relevant antihypertensive effect was still measurable 12 and 24 h after dose. The most frequently reported adverse events have been headache, dizziness, tiredness, nausea, and gastric disorders. These symptoms are considered to be mainly due to blood pressure reduction, as is frequently observed at the beginning of antihypertensive therapy. In patients the incidence of orthostatic reactions is appreciably lower than in healthy subjects, and in both change of position was sufficient to relieve the symptoms.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Efficacy and safety of carvedilol in the treatment of hypertension.

In an open clinical study, long-term efficacy and safety of carvedilol were investigated in 154 patients with essential hypertension WHO I-II and diastolic blood pressure (BP) between 95 and 115 mm Hg over a period of 1 year. After a washout and a placebo phase, all patients were treated with 25 mg carvedilol b.i.d., after 4 weeks of an adaption to 25 mg o.d. or 50 mg b.i.d. was possible. Eighty-six patients had been treated according to the protocol (5 patients 25 mg o.d., 77 patients 25 mg b.i.d., and 4 patients 50 mg b.i.d.) An additional 18 patients were included to the final evaluation in spite of the fact that they had incorrect placebo phases. Ten patients had to be excluded from the final evaluation because of protocol violation. Eight patients dropped out because they were nonresponders, 8 patients dropped out because of side effects, and 15 patients dropped out because of other reasons. In all patients treated over the period of 1 year, 99 patients had a diastolic BP less than or equal to 95 and 88 of the less than or equal to 90 mm Hg. The side effects were mostly correlated to the pharmacodynamic effects of the drug; there were no serious side effects during the trial.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Measurement of renal clearance of inulin and PAH in the steady state without urine collection.

Two different methods of inulin and PAH clearance were tested in 25 patients with normal and impaired renal function. The clearance calculated from the infusion rate and the serum levels was equal to the classical clearance calculated from serum levels and urinary excretion. The advantages of the clearance method without urine sampling are: a) catheterization of the bladder can be omitted, b) less analytical work and, c) exact timing serum and urine samples is unneccessary.

Aminohippuric Acids↗
PubMed1979

Changes of electrolyte excretion, renin activity, angiotensin-II and aldosterone concentrations during administration of 3-amino-1-(3,4-dichloro-a-methyl-benzyl)-2-pyrazolin-5-one (Bay g 2821).

After the administration of 40 mg Bay g 2821, a new potent diuretic substance, a significant increase of sodium and water diuresis occurred. There was only a short rise in potassium excretion. In contrast to the sodium and water diuresis no significant increase of renin-activity, angiotensin-II or aldosterone concentration was seen. In spite of the insignificant stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a significant increase of correlation occurred between the three components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[CSF lactate and EEG changes in comatose patients with various medical conditions (author's transl)].

EEGs were recorded and initial CSF and blood lactate measurements (135) made in 104 patients who were in coma of differing severity from a variety of medical conditions. There were two patterns: in one, the CSF lactate alone was due to cerebral tissue hypoxia; and in the other factors, such as cerebral haemorrhage, meningitis or lactacidosis were predominantly present. In those with cerebral hypoxia there was a connection between the severity of the disease picture and the level of CSF lactate. In extreme cases with dissociated cerebral death, there was a mean CSF lactate concentration of 11.78 +/- 1.66 mmol/1. The prognosis of coma with concentrations above 9 mmol/l is, therefore, poor if not hopeless. To some extent one may draw prognostic conclusions from lower concentrations but this is not possible in individual cases. There was no definite correlation between the severity of EEG changes and the level of CSF lactate in coma, although there was some relationship to the degree of cerebral hypoxia. In case of meningitis, CSF lactate allowed differentiation between bacterial and viral cause, the average concentration in the former being four times normal.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1977

[Haemodialysis in diabetics with terminal renal failure].

Long-term dialysis treatment of diabetics with terminal renal failure is beset with severe complications. In 19 unselected diabetics in terminal renal failure (13 juvenile diabetics and 6 maturity-onset diabetics) the clinical course during long-term dialysis was observed. A total of 1377 dialyses during 167 months of treatment were performed. Diabetic angiopathy, hypertension, and hyperhydration were the most prominent complications. The interval between the onset of diabetes and the beginning of dialysis treatment was 21,5 years in the juvenile diabetics and 5,2 years in maturity-onset diabetes. The survival time during dialysis was on average 13,2 months for the juvenile diabetics and 0,6 months for maturity-onset diabetics. The patients died chiefly from cardiovascular complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clearance and dialysance of 3H-aldosterone in vitro.

Using an "in vitro dialysis" with different dialyzers, a significant decrease in 3H-aldosterone concentration was seen. From the decrease of 3H aldosterone elimination parameters were calculated. Half time of elimination was 21,5 min, the mean clearance of all dialyzers averaged 32.2 ml/min. The dialysances of 3H aldosterone evaluated with dialyzers of different surface areas were correlated with the surface areas of the dialyzers. From the results can be concluded, that besides individual influences of regulation, haemodialysis influences aldosterone concentration in plasma by physical factors.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1977

[The value of stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a screening test for hypertension (author's transl)].

Renin activity, angiotensin-II concentration and venous aldosterone concentration were measured in 20 healthy subjects and 18 hypertensives before and after stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The test did not distinguish between the two groups: in the individual case there was no relationship between renin-activity, angiotensin-II concentration and aldosterone concentration in peripheral venous blood. Stimulation of the system without sodium balance is not a reliable screening test for hypertension.

Adult↗