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Biomedical subjects

E Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to E Schmidt.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Functional studies of the cardia muscles in achalasia].

1. The mechanical properties - extension behaviour and ability to contract per muscle cross-section - were the same for healthy and aganglionic cardiac sphincter. 2. The acetyl choline threshold is higher in aganglionic muscle strips. The maximum effective acetyl choline dose (2 microgram/ml) remained the same. 3. Achalasia is characterized by a considerable reduction of adrenergic beta-receptor activity and alpha-receptor predominance.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

[Possible significance of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease].

Prostaglandins (E1, E2, F2alpha) produce and intensify peristaltic contractions in the healthy human intestinal muscle system according to dosage (threshold I-10(-4) microng/ml--maximum effective concentration 1 microng/ml). By subsequent introduction of adrenaline, the intestinal muscle system activated by prostaglandines can be completely relaxed again. Intestinal muscles from patients with Crohn's disease show a marked deviation from this behaviour: 1. The intestinal muscle system is extremely sensitive to prostagladins: maximum concentrations are already reached by about a thousand times smaller concentration than in the intestines. 2. The dose of adrenaline does not lead to dialtion, which is usual, but to contraction of the muscle system. These changes in the contractility of the intestine can explain some components of the clinical symptomatology of Crohn's disease.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Enzyme diagnosis in lipaemic sera before and after polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride (author's transl)].

The method for the determination of enzymic activity in turbid, lipaemic sera, which involves clearing by polyanion precipitation with heparin and magnesium chloride, was critically reviewed. In the diagnosis of diseases of the liver and pancreas, which are frequently associated with hyperlipoproteinaemia, only residual enzyme activities are measured in the cleared serum after polyanion treatment. In the measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase and in the Phadebas test for alpha-amylase, the enzymes are inactivated by treatment with heparin and magnesium chloride. On the other hand, as a result of polyanion precipitation gamma-glutamyl transferase is transferred, together with lipoproteins and chylomicrons, to the lipid-rich supernatant. Acid phosphatase also exhibits only residual activity in cleared serum. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and the activity of alpha-amylase in the Merckotest are not affected by polyanion treatment of the serum.

Anions↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the multiple forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase.

In sera of 53 patients with highly raised gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) (EC 2.3.2.2) activity, the gamma-GT was separated by column chromatography on Sephadex DEAE A-50 into two fractions. In 35 sera only one gamma-GT fraction was found at a conductivity of 2.0--2.5 mS and in 18 sera two gamma-GT fractions were found at a conductivity of 0.2 mS and again at 2.0--2.5 mS. There was no opvious correlation to the underlying disease. In 20 sera the additional parameters, protein, protein electrophoresis, free and esterified cholesterol, bilirubin, triglycerides, lipoprotein pattern and lipoprotein X were examined. We recognized, that the two forms of the gamma-GT are not true isoenzymes but that the separation of the gamma-GT into two fractions is caused by a different distribution of the cholesterol containing lipoprotei,s.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

[Cholestatic jaundice after azathioprine treatment (author's transl)].

Severe cholestatic jaundice occurred in two patients receiving prednisolone and azathioprine, one for chronic progressive hepatitis, the other for Wegener's granulomatosis. Reversible abnormal liver function, involving both elimination and synthesis, was in the foreground clinically. Signs of parenchymal-cell damage were only moderately severe. When azathioprine had been discontinued all previously abnormal values returned to normal within six to eight weeks. Azathioprine is an indirect optional hepatotoxin. If given over long periods there should be regular controls of blood count and liver functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Total and free triiodothyronine and thyroid-binding globulin concentration in elderly human persons.

Total thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3) were found to be low in healthy elderly subjects with a preferential decrease of triiodothyronine. In order to determine the importance of these findings 22 healthy elderly subjects were examined. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid binding globulin (TBG) concentration and basal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Liver enzymes, cholesterol and total protein concentration were also assayed. TBG was significantly increased compared to a middle-aged group and did not correlate with TT4, TT3 and TSH. Basal TSH values were in the normal range and could be detected in all the elderly subjects in contrast to undetectable values in 40% of the younger subjects. FT3 determined directly did not correlate with the values calculated according to the law of mass action. According to the FT3 values the elderly subjects could be subdivided into three groups independent of their TT4, TT3, TBG and TSH values. FT3 was undetectable in one group, in the low normal to normal range in another and elevated in the third group. Our results suggest that 1) there is no correlation between TT4, TT3, elevated TBG and FT3 determined directly or by calculation, 2) basal TSH values seem to indicate possible hypothyroidism in elderly persons which is correlated with elevated cholesterol levels and 3) FT3 measured directly subdivides this metabolic state into three groups possibly depending on the intracellular concentration of T4.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Clinical enzymology.

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Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1976

[Elevated creatine kinase activity in serum following oral application of a beta2-mimetic broncholytic drug (NAB 365) (author's transl)].

In 25 patients with chronic bronchitis it was shown by a study of 9 months' duration (3 months before treatment, 6 months under treatment) that after peroral application of 4-amino-alpha-[(tert.-butylamino)methyl]-3,5-dichlorobenzyl alcohol hydrochloride (clenbuterol, NAB 365) elevations of the activity of creatine kinase occur without other recognizable signs and symptoms. The isoenzyme of creatine kinase were differentiated by immunological means and proved to be of the MM-type in additional 9 patients. The significance of the elevations of creatine kinase activity in serum even after peroral intake of drugs has been discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The electrophoretic pattern of gamma-glutamyl transferase in serum and its alteration by chylomicrons (author's transl)].

Using the sera from 20 patients with elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase activity (EC 2.3.2.2) due to intra- or posthepatic cholestasis, the enzyme was separated into four bands by cellulose acetate foil electrophoresis. The gamma-glutamyl transferase pattern permitted no differentiation between intra- or posthepatic cholestasis. Protein and lipid electrophoresis was performed simultaneously for each serum. It was found that a gamma-glutamyl transferase band, which appeared at the origin in 11 sera, was only observed in lipaemic sera containing chylomicrons. This band of gamma-glutamyl transferase does not, however, represent a true isoenzyme, because it results from a complex between chylomicrons and gamma-glutamyl transferase, which is separated with the chylomicrons, or is produced by the mixing of sera.

Bile Ducts↗