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Biomedical subjects

E Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to E Schmid.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Keratin-like proteins in normal and neoplastic cells of human and rat mammary gland as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy.

Normal and neoplastic human breast tissue as well as lactating and nonlactating rat mammary glands and 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)-anthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinomas of rat, were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using guinea pig antibodies to human and bovine epidermal prekeratin and to cytokeratin polypeptide D from mouse hepatocytes. In normal mammary glands of both species, lactating rats included, the antibodies raised against human and bovine epidermal prekeratins strongly stained ductal and myoepithelial cells, whereas antibodies to hepatic cytokeratin D revealed, in addition, fibrillar staining in cells of the alveolus-like terminal lobular units and in milk secreting cells of the rat. The presence of some finely dispersed intermediate-sized filaments of the cytokeratin type in lactating alveolar cells of rat mammary gland was also demonstrated by electron microscopy. In human intraductal mammary carcinomas the antibodies to epidermal prekeratins showed staining in myoepithelial cells and intralumenal papillary protrusions of the tumor, whereas the antibodies to hepatic cytokeratin D presented an almost complementary pattern in that they showed strongest staining in the more basally located layers of tumor cells. Intraductal adenocarcinomas of rats showed strong staining with all keratin antibodies examined. In contrast to previous studies using exclusively antisera raised against epidermal prekeratin, out results show that all types of neoplastic and non-neoplastic epithelial cells of mammary gland of both species contain-at least some-filaments of the cytokeratin type identifiable by immunologic reaction, if antibodies are used that recognize a broad range of epidermal and nonepidermal cytokeratins. Consequently, such broad range antibodies to keratin-like proteins provide adequate tools to identify and characterize neoplastic and non-neoplastic epithelial cells and to eliminate false negative immunocytochemical findings in tumor diagnosis. In addition, our observation that in the same human carcinoma two cell types can be distinguished by their reaction with two different antibodies to cytokeratins from epidermis and liver, respectively, indicates that the cells of a given carcinoma can differ in their cytoskeletal composition, thus presenting further criteria for diagnostic differentiation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

[Early gastric cancer, results in a county hospital (author's transl)].

In a nine-year period, 46 patients with early gastric cancer were diagnosed and operated at a county hospital. Fiberscopy of the stomach raised the percentage of early gastric cancer from 1% in a five year pre-endoscopic period to 11.9% with endoscopy. On an average, subjects with early gastric cancer were 8 years younger than all cases with gastric carcinoma, those with the diffuse type according to Laurén significantly younger than those with the intestinal type, too. Postoperative mortality amounted to 6.5%; five more patients of 43 surviving the operation have died in the meanwhile. Besides synchronous and metachronous cancer in the resected stomach and other organs, late distant metastasis must be considered, too, in the follow-up of patients operated from early cancer of the stomach. These complications may endanger the five-years survival rate of 89% observed in the first series of our patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[The role of gastroscopy for preoperative reliability of diagnosis and operability in gastric cancer. Retrospective analysis at a county hospital (author's transl)].

The evaluation of 535 patients with gastric cancer observed in two 5-years periods with low (3%) and high (84%) preoperative endoscopic frequence demonstrated: 1. Change of the diagnostic procedure, mainly on the basis of out-patients examination, 2. a diminished role of preoperative X-ray examination for decisions about the further proceeding. 3. no more unnecessary probatory laparotomies without a lesion requiring surgery, 4. improved preoperative exclusion from surgery of patients supposed to be not operable, resulting in a reduction of explorative laparotomies and a relative increase of gastrectomies, and finally 5. a significant increase in early gastric cancer with a concomitant decrease of stage 2 and 3. The percentage of the largest group of gastric cancer in stage 4 remained constant, however.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of primary processes in the foramtion of acentric fragments.

An analysis of primary processes in the formation of excess acentric fragments in human lymphocytes was carried out in experiments with 220 kV X-rays after acute exposure (D = 50 R/min, 25--400 R) and fractionated exposure (340 R split into two equal fractions, separated by intervals between 50--360 min). Chromosome analyses occurred after conventional staining. Applying G-banding data from an acute X-irradiation experiment representative dose-effect curves for acentrics could be established which take into account one-break and two-break events in the formation of this aberration type. For the time dependent primary breaks necessary for the formation of two-break two-track acentrics a mean interaction time t approximately = 102 min could be calculated. This is well in line with the corresponding time t approximately = 110 min for dicentrics. The distribution of acentrics among cells shows the phenomenon of overdispersion.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1980

Liver tumors distinguished by immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies to proteins of intermediate-sized filaments.

Antibodies against constitutive proteins of different types of intermediate-sized filaments were used in immunofluorescence microscopy on frozen sections of normal rat liver and various rat liver tumors induced by treatment with nitrosamines. Antibodies to tonofilament prekeratin stained bile duct epithelia and hepatocytes of normal liver and hepatocellular carcinoma cells and ductal cells of cholangiofibromas. These cells were not significantly stained by antibodies to vimentin. By contrast, antibodies to vimentin stained mesenchymal cells of normal liver and cells of early and advanced angiosarcomas and of undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma. These mesenchymal tumor cells were not stained with antibodies to prekeratin. The presence of intermediate-sized filaments in these tumors, often in large whorl-like aggregates, was also demonstrated by electron microscopy. The results show that immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies to cytoskeletal proteins is a powerful tool for the classification and differential diagnosis of mesenchymal and epithelial liver tumors. We propose that staining with antibodies to proteins of different types of intermediate filaments can be used to improve the identification of tumors of other organs, including metastases, as well as non-neoplastic proliferative lesions.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1980

Intermediate-sized filaments of the prekeratin type in myoepithelial cells.

Myoepithelial cells from mammary glands, the modified sweat glands of bovine muzzle, and salivary glands have been studied by electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence microscopy in frozen sections in an attempt to further characterize the type of intermediate-sized filaments present in these cells. Electron microscopy has shown that all myoepithelial cells contain extensive meshworks of intermediate-sized (7--11-nm) filaments, many of which are anchored at typical desmosomes or hemidesmosomes. The intermediate-sized filaments are also intimately associated with masses of contractile elements, identified as bundles of typical 5--6-nm microfilaments and with characteristically spaced dense bodies. This organization resembles that described for various smooth muscle cells. In immunofluorescence microscopy, using antibodies specific for the various classes of intermediate-sized filaments, the myoepithelial cells are strongly decorated by antibodies to prekeratin. They are not specifically stained by antibodies to vimentin, which stain mesenchymal cells, nor by antibodies to chick gizzard desmin, which decorate fibrils in smooth muscle Z bands and intercalated disks in skeletal and cardiac muscle of mammals. Myoepithelial cells are also strongly stained by antibodies to actin. The observations show (a) that the epithelial character, as indicated by the presence of intermediate-sized filaments of the prekeratin type, is maintained in the differentiated contractile myoepithelial cell, and (b) that desmin and desmin-containing filaments are not generally associated with musclelike cell specialization for contraction but are specific to myogenic differentiation. The data also suggest that in myoepithelial cells prekeratin filaments are arranged--and might function--in a manner similar to the desmin filaments in smooth muscle cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1980

Permanently proliferating rat vascular smooth muscle cell with maintained expression of smooth muscle characteristics, including actin of the vascular smooth muscle type.

Cells of an established clonal line (RVF-SMC) derived from rat vena cava are described by light and electron microscope methods and biochemical analysis of the major proteins. The cells are flat, and they moderately elongate and form monolayers. They are characterized by prominent cables of microfilaments bundles decoratable with antibodies to actin and alpha-actinin. These bundles contain numerous densely stained bodies and are often flanked by typical rows of surface caveolae and vesicles. The cells are rich in intermediate-sized filaments of the vimentin type but do not show detectable amounts of desmin and cytokeratin filaments. Isoelectric focusing and protein chemical studies have revealed actin heterogeneity. In addition to the two cytoplasmic actins, beta and gamma, common to proliferating cells, two smooth muscle-type actins (an acidic alpha-like and a gamma-like) are found. The major (alpha-type) vascular smooth muscle actin accounts for 28% of the total cellular actin. No skeletal muscle or cardiac muscle actin has been detected. The synthesis of large amounts of actin and vimentin and the presence of at least three actins, including alpha-like actin, have also been demonstrated by in vitro translation of isolated poly(A)+ mRNAs. This is, to our knowledge, the first case of expression of smooth muscle-type actin in a permanently growing cell. We conclude that permanent cell growth and proliferation is compatible with the maintained expression of several characteristic cell features of the differentiated vascular smooth muscle cell including the formation of smooth muscle-type actin.

Actins↗
PubMed1980

Effect of dopamine on hepatosplanchnic blood flow.

Hepatosplanchnic blood flow (EHBF) was estimated with the single-injection method using indocyanine green in 10 patients without cardiac failure before and after 20 min of an intravenous infusion of dopamine. Five patients received 4 microgram/kg/min and another 5 patients 8 microgram/kg/min. The cardiac index (CI) was determined according to the Fick principle, and the arterio-hepatovenous oxygen difference (AV DO2 AO/HV) was measured. The mean increase in EHBF in the 10 patients was from 640 +/- 46 ml/min/m2 to 831 +/- 56 ml/min/m2 (p less than 0.001). The percentage of EHBF to CI increased from 24.1 +/- 2.0% to 26.4 +/- 1.6% (p less than 0.05). The mean AV DO2 AO/HV dropped from 49.6 +/- 3.8 ml/liter to 40.4+/- 2.9 ml/liter (p less than 0.005). We conclude that dopamine given at rates of 4 and 8 microgram/kg/min to patients whose hearts are well compensated increases hepatosplanchnic flow. Thus, the large increase in renal blood flow which occurs with dopamine is not at the expense of hepatosplanchnic blood flow.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

[Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy of peptic ulcer--recent advances (author's transl)].

Fiberscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract created a revolution in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer and allows an exact control of ulcer healing. A reinvestigation of the epidemiology of ulcer disease apparently is necessary. In 1000 patients of our department investigated between 1971 and 1977 the percentage of persons more than 60 years old was higher than in earlier publications, more than 50% of gastric and about 24% of duodenal ulcers. Therapeutic measures deplorably are mainly directed towards aggressive factors, gastric acid and pepsine, and our knowledge about protective mechanisms and therapeutic schemes in this field are not sufficient. Only for a small selection of drugs, f.i. carbenoxolone, antacids in high doses, cimetidine, pirenzepin and a few others, a beneficial effect on ulcer healing has been demonstrated in randomized double blind studies. Some combinations might be useful but have not been examined sufficiently yet. Improved conservative treatment competes with advances in surgery of the peptic ulcer. However, in old people with a greater risk for surgery there is often no alternative to medical treatment.

Adult↗