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Biomedical subjects

E Sato

Publications and source records attributed to E Sato.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Sex-linked differences in developmental potential of single blastomeres from in vitro-fertilized 2-cell stage mouse embryos.

Single blastomeres were isolated from 2-cell mouse embryos and analyzed for their sex using the partially deleted Y chromosome as a marker. Sex identification of 83% of the embryos was achieved with conventionally Giemsa-stained chromosome preparations. The other half-embryos were cultured individually and were transferred to pseudopregnant recipient females. The implantation rate was significantly higher in the male half-embryos. Although 6% of the half-embryos were male. The male half-embryos contained more blastomeres in the blastocyst stage than female ones. These facts suggests that the potential for the development of male half-embryos into fetuses is different from that of female half-embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Adhesion molecules on eosinophils in acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

We describe the clinical features, eosinophil surface analysis, and concentration of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in peripheral blood (PB) of a young male patient with acute eosinophilic pneumonia. Eosinophilic pneumonia was diagnosed by BAL and by its clinical course. There was no evidence of an infectious etiology, and the patient showed rapid improvement with methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1 gm/d for 3 d). Significant differences in the expression of surface molecules such as CD54, HLA-DR, and CD69 were observed between BAL and PB eosinophils; IL-5 concentrations in BAL and in PB before treatment were 450 pg/ml and 700 pg/ml, respectively. After treatment, IL-5 concentration in PB was reduced to below 100 pg/ml. The patient has shown no recurrence after treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Serum factor(s) stimulating cumulus expansion in porcine oocyte-cumulus complexes matured and fertilized in vitro.

We have investigated the factor(s) present in serum that stimulate cumulus expansion (accumulation of hyaluronic acid in the intercellular space of cumulus cells) and male pronucleus (mPN) formation in porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. After 24 hr of culture, oocyte-cumulus complexes that matured in the serum of pig, cow, rabbit and rat showed an expansion of the surrounding cumulus cell matrices. The cumulus expansion stimulating effect is not species-specific. Porcine serum was fractionated by ultracentrifugation at 220,000 x g at 10 degrees C for 48 hr, resulting in four fractions. The oocyte-cumulus complexes that matured in the 2nd fraction exhibited a marked expansion of the cumulus cell layers, including the corona radiata. Complexes cultured in the remaining fractions, however, showed very little or no expansion. There was no expansion of the oocytectomized complexes matured in the 2nd fraction. Serum was not effective in the formation of the male pronucleus. The active factor(s) was heat stable at 100 degrees C for 30 min and showed a relatively strong activity at a molecular weight of > 1.0 and < 6.5 kDa. These results indicate that serum contains a low molecular weight, heat stable factor(s) that acts on the oocyte to stimulate cumulus expansion.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone suppresses neovascularization induced by HPLC-purified ovarian hyaluronic acid-like glycosaminoglycan in mice.

HPLC-purified glycosaminoglycans (hpGAG) prepared from extracts of non-luteal mouse (JcL:ICR strain) ovaries were assayed for neovascularization by implanting Elvax films, containing test samples, on the lateral wall of the sheath of m. rectus abdominis in adult female mice of the same strain. Neovascularization occurred in a dose-dependent manner, and was characterized by capillary outgrowth extending into the tissue surrounding the implant. The single major peak of purified GAG on a column of TSK gel DEAE got out of order after treatment with streptococcal hyaluronidase or nitrous acid. The activity of this fraction was also greatly reduced when treated with streptococcal hyaluronidase or nitrous acid. When hpGAG was embedded in the implant with 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone at a dose of 20 micrograms/film, neovascularization induced by means of hpGAGs was suppressed. Progesterone at a dose of 50 micrograms/film did not suppress the neovascularization induced by ovarian hpGAG. These findings suggest that 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone suppresses the angiogenic activity of hyaluronic acid-like hpGAG in the ovary.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1995

Periodic angioedema with eosinophilia: increased serum level of interleukin 5.

A 48-year-old man developed episodic non pitting edema and eosinophilia. Symptoms were alleviated promptly when treated with prednisolone. However, major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) levels in the serum as well as the total number of eosinophils remained high. During periods of attack serum levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5) were elevated, but the levels were lowered following treatment, suggesting that IL-5 is involved in periodic angioedema with eosinophilia.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1995

Microvasculature in the mouse ovarian follicle demonstrated by a lectin angiography method.

A lectin angiography method was applied to identify ovarian vasculature in 32-34 days old mice treated with gonadotropins. Blood was washed out by perfusion until the inferior vena cava became translucent. Horseradish-peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated Concanavalin A (Con A) solution (10-15 ml) was perfused into the systemic circulation via the left ventricle at the rate of 2-3 ml/min. The animals were left for a 30 min reaction interval. The lumina of the blood vessels were flushed with 5-10 ml of phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). The ovaries were excised and fixed by immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde and sectioned serially at thickness of 100, 200 or 400 microm using a Microslicer. The binding of HRP-conjugated-Con A to endothelial cells was visualized by using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-4 HCl (DAB-4 HCl) reaction. By examining various sections the three-dimensional architecture of the vascular networks of the preovulatory Graafian follicles and corpora lutea can be established. Capillary networks of preovulatory Graafian follicles were identified in sections of ovaries removed 11 h after hCG injection. Then, capillary networks of the Graafian follicles increased due to the hypertrophic growth of the theca interna and extension of capillary branches into the follicles. Well-developed capillary networks of corpora lutea were found in ovaries removed 24 h after hCG injection. For these observations the 200 microm-sections were the most useful. The present modified lectin angiography is a useful method for visualizing the microvasculature of mouse ovaries.

Angiography↗
PubMed1995

[Septic lung caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis].

A 55-year-old man was admitted to our department one month after resection of rectal carcinoma, with complaints of fever and general malaise. Shock developed rapidly after admission. The chest X-ray film and computed tomography showed diffuse small nodular shadows and bilateral pleural effusion. Septic lung caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) was diagnosed from the results of a bacteriological study. This bacteria is a Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS). Chemotherapy with Minocycline and Cefotiam was effective. Characteristic radiologic features of this case may be related to the early stage of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic pulmonary microembolism.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Isoforms of glucose transporter in the iris-ciliary body.

Isoforms of the facilitated glucose transporter (GLUT) were identified in the iris-ciliary body. Western blot analysis showed that GLUT1 and GLUT4 proteins were expressed in the rat iris-ciliary body. In addition, the content of GLUT proteins in the rabbit iris-ciliary body was estimated by specific [3H]cytochalasin B binding assay. The content of GLUT proteins was found to be more abundant in the iris-ciliary body than in the cerebral cortex. The utilization of glucose in the iris-ciliary body and the transport of glucose into the aqueous humor are suggested to be mediated by GLUT1 and GLUT4 proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A morphometric study of spermatogenesis in the testes of mice of a senescence accelerated strain.

The morphometric parameters of spermatogenic cells in a mouse strain prone to accelerated senescence (SAM-P), a novel murine model of spontaneously promoted aging, were compared with those of a SAM resistant strain (SAM-R) after birth until 40 weeks (mean life span of SAM-P). A mixture of gonocytes and spermatogonia were present in the testis in 1-week-old mice, and no gonocytes were observed in 2-week-old mice. At 6 weeks of age, the absolute number of spermatogonia in SAM-P was 27% greater than that in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in 40-week-old SAM-P was 17% less than in SAM-R. Primary spermatocytes were first observed in 3-week-old animals, and the cell numbers in SAM-P at 3, 5 and 6 weeks were 78%, 31% and 25%, respectively, greater than in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in SAM-P at 40 weeks was 30% less than SAM-R. Round spermatids were first observed in all SAM-P at 4 weeks old, but 20% of SAM-R had no spermatids and the rest had only a few. At 5 and 6 weeks old, the absolute numbers of round spermatids in SAM-P were 38% and 41%, respectively, greater than in SAM-R, whereas the cell number in 40-week-old SAM-P was about 34% less than SAM-R. These results indicate that testicular maturation begins at an earlier age in SAM-P than SAM-R. Furthermore, at the age of 40 weeks signs of testicular deterioration are evident in SAM-P mice only.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Gastric carcinoma: monoclonal epithelial malignant cells expressing Epstein-Barr virus latent infection protein.

In 1000 primary gastric carcinomas, 70 (7.0%) contained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomic sequences detected by PCR and Southern blots. The positive tumors comprised 8 of 9 (89%) undifferentiated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas, 27 of 476 (5.7%) poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 35 of 515 (6.8%) moderately to well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. In situ EBV-encoded small RNA 1 hybridization and hematoxylin/eosin staining in adjacent sections showed that the EBV was present in every carcinoma cell but was not significantly present in lymphoid stroma and in normal mucosa. Two-color immunofluorescence and hematoxylin/eosin staining in parallel sections revealed that every keratin-positive epithelial malignant cell expressed EBV-determined nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) but did not significantly express CD45+ infiltrating leukocytes. A single fused terminal fragment was detected in each of the EBNA1-expressing tumors, thereby suggesting that the EBV-carrying gastric carcinomas represent clonal proliferation of cells infected with EBV. The carcinoma cells had exclusively EBNA1 but not EBNA2, -3A, -3B, and -3C; leader protein; and latent membrane protein 1 because of methylation. The patients with EBV-carrying gastric carcinoma had elevated serum EBV-specific antibodies. The EBV-specific cellular immunity was not significantly reduced; however, the cytotoxic T-cell target antigens were not expressed. These findings strongly suggest a causal relation between a significant proportion of gastric carcinoma and EBV, and the virus-carrying carcinoma cells may evade immune surveillance.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Epstein-Barr virus and gastric remnant cancer.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma arising in the gastric remnant many years after partial gastrectomy for benign disease, referred to as gastric remnant cancer (GRC) is well known, and many causal explanations have been proposed. Elsewhere, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) involvement has been demonstrated in a small but significant fraction of gastric cancers, and evidence has been presented suggesting that, in positive cases, EBV may have played a causal role. The present report is concerned with EBV involvement in GRC in particular. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 48 cases of GRC were studied by EBER-1 in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Thirteen cases (27.1%) showed uniform hybridized signals restricted to the carcinoma cells in contrast to no hybridization in the normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia, or hyperplastic epithelium. The prevalence of EBV involvement in GRC was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than in gastric carcinomas from 1825 nonremnant cases; the difference remained highly significant even when the comparison was restricted to nonremnant cancers arising in the cardia and middle stomach, for which EBV-positive rates were highest. CONCLUSION: The EBV may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of GRC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Early changes in glucose metabolism in the cerebrum of senescence accelerated mouse: involvement of glucose transporter.

The rate of 6-[14C]D-glucose oxidation in cerebral cells of SAMP8, a substrain of senescence accelerated mouse, was investigated in vitro. The production of 14CO2 in dissociated intact brain cells prepared from the cerebrum of 4-8-week-old SAMP8 was higher than that of age-matched SAMR2 as a control mouse, while no difference between these two strains was observed in the production of 14CO2 in the cerebral homogenates. These results indicated that the increased metabolism of glucose in SAMP8 might be associated with the glucose transport system across the cell membrane. Therefore, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) uptake into the brain cells and cytochalasin B (CB) binding to cerebral crude membranes were examined. Both the 2-DG uptake and the CB binding in SAMP8 were much greater than in SAMR2. Furthermore, the increased CB binding in SAMP8 was seen only in the cerebral cortex of 4- to 8-week-old mice, and neither in other regions of the cerebrum nor in other aged mice (2-week- and 40- to 48-week-old mice). These results suggest that the transient overproduction of the glucose transporter protein in the cerebral cortex is involved in the increased glucose metabolism in 4- to 8-week-old SAMP8.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

Sub-kilohertz flash X-ray generator utilising a glass-enclosed cold-cathode triode.

The construction and fundamental studies are described for a sub-kilohertz X-ray generator for producing low-dose rate flash X-rays. The X-ray tube was a glass-enclosed cold-cathode triode, composed of a tungsten plate target, a rod-shaped graphite cathode, a mesh-type trigger electrode made of tungsten wires, and a glass tube body. The coaxial condenser was charged up to 60 kV by a power supply, and the electric charges in the condenser were discharged to the X-ray tube repetitively when a negative high-voltage pulse was applied to the trigger electrode. The maximum tube voltage before the discharging was equivalent to the initial charged voltage of the condenser, and the maximum tube current was about 0.3 kA with a charged voltage of 60 kV. The X-ray durations were about 1 microsecond, and the X-ray intensity was about 0.47 microC kg-1 at 0.5 m per pulse with a charged voltage of 60 kV. The maximum repetition rate of the X-rays was about 0.4 kHz, and high-speed radiography was performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

10 kHz microsecond pulsed X-ray generator utilising a hot-cathode triode with variable durations for biomedical radiography.

A 10 kHz pulsed X-ray generator utilising a hot-cathode triode in conjunction with a new type of grid control device for controlling X-ray duration is described. The energy-storage condenser was charged up to 70 kV by a power supply, and the electric charges in the condenser were discharged to the X-ray tube repetitively by the grid control device. The maximum values of the grid voltage (negative value), the tube voltage, and the tube current were -1.5 kV, 70 kV, and 0.4 A, respectively. The duration of the flash X-ray pulse was primarily determined by the time constant of the grid control device and the cut-off voltage of thermoelectrons. The X-ray duration was controlled within a region of less than 1 ms; the X-ray intensity with a pulse width of 0.27 ms, a charged voltage of 70 kV, and a peak tube current of 0.4 A was 0.92 microC kg-1 at 0.5 m per pulse. The maximum repetition rate was about 10 kHz, and the size of the focal spot was about 3.5 x 3.5 mm.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical study of mucin carbohydrates and core proteins in human ovarian tumors.

Many of the cancer-associated antigens recently have been identified as mucin antigens. However, there are no detailed studies describing the expression of carbohydrates and core proteins of mucin antigens in ovarian tumors. In this study we examined the expression of carbohydrate antigens, which are associated with the earliest steps in mucin glycosylation (Tn and sialosyl-Tn), and the expression of the mucin core protein antigens associated with the MUC1 gene product (mammary-type apomucin) and the MUC2 gene product (intestinal-type apomucin) in 123 ovarian epithelial (mucinous and serous) tumors. In normal ovarian tissues neither Tn, sialosyl-Tn, nor intestinal-MRP antigens (MUC2 gene product) were expressed, except for positive sialosyl-Tn staining of stromal capillaries, while the MUC1 gene product, DF3 antigen, was expressed in the cell apex of the germinal coelomic epithelium when it had plump, slightly elongated, or pseudostratified nuclei. In the benign adenomas Tn and sialosyl-Tn antigens were detected in a small number of mucinous adenomas and rarely in serous adenomas. In contrast, expression of both Tn and sialosyl-Tn antigens was observed in all the adenocarcinomas and in a considerable number of borderline malignancies. DF3 antigen was expressed in many benign serous tumors but not so frequently in benign mucinous tumors; however, it was frequently expressed in the adenocarcinomas and borderline malignancies of both mucinous and serous types. Intestinal-MRP antigen expression increased with the transition of the mucinous tumors from a benign to malignant state, although it was never detected in the serous tumors. Coexpression of DF3 and intestinal-MRP antigens was seen in borderline malignancies and carcinomas of the mucinous tumors. In conclusion, simultaneous expression of Tn and sialosyl-Tn antigens is a highly effective tumor marker in both mucinous and serous tumors of the ovary. Coexpression of DF3 and intestinal-MRP antigens may indicate the malignant potential of ovarian mucinous tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗