[The treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in elderly patients].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
E Salminen
Publications and source records attributed to E Salminen.
Lead in the ambient air and blood specimens of children in Helsinki.
Ambient air lead concentrations have been measured in Helsinki since 1978. The mean concentrations at various stations reached maximum values in 1980, being then 209-1150 ng/m3. From 1980 to 1991 the concentrations decreased to one-eighth (335-41 ng/m3) at the three stations where measurements were made continuously. Concomitantly the estimated annual lead emissions in Helsinki decreased from 78 to 9 tons, mainly owing to the reduced emissions of lead in exhaust gases from road traffic. The mean concentration of lead in the blood of children in day-care centres was 46 micrograms/l in 1983 and 30 micrograms/l 5 years later. Similar concentrations were found in blood samples from a day-care centre beside a street with heavy traffic and in those from an area with less traffic.
Air Pollutants↗
Unconventional fractionation for palliative radiotherapy of urinary bladder cancer. A retrospective review of 94 patients.
Ninety-four urinary bladder cancer patients with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic urinary bladder cancer were treated with external radiotherapy with the aim of palliating local disease. Conventional radical radiotherapy was inappropriate because of extensive disease, poor general condition or old age of the patients. The palliative course studied was 30 Gy (mid-point dose) in six fractions, two fractions a week. Eighty-two patients (87%) tolerated treatment as planned. Forty patients (43%) had complete palliation of initial symptoms. Thirty-eight patients (40%) had initial local control of the tumour, which was lasting in 25 cases (26%). Median disease-specific survival of the patients was 13.3 months. The estimated five-year survival was 13% and survival from bladder cancer 27%.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[The changing role of radiation therapy in the treatment of bladder carcinoma].
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Aged↗
[Radiation therapy in the management of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma].
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Recurrence and treatment of urinary bladder cancer after failure in radiotherapy.
One hundred fifty-five patients with urinary bladder cancer who were not suitable for radical surgery were treated with full-course radiotherapy, 6600 cGy in 9 weeks, split-course. After the treatment recurrences were observed in 94 patients (60%), 49 (53%) were treated with transurethral surgery and intravesical cytostatics, local surgery, systemic cytostatics, or palliative radiotherapy. The median survivals for the patients were 33, 10, 4, and 2.4 months, respectively. The outcome of treatment for radiotherapy failures was related to the nature of the failure, ureteric obstruction, the recurrence rate, and the mode of treatment. Shrinkage of the bladder was observed in 15 patients (16%). The occurrence of bladder shrinkage was related to the increase in frequency of recurrences and of different types of treatments.
Adult↗
External beam radiation treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma. An analysis of results in 203 patients.
In a retrospective study, 203 patients with cancer of the urinary bladder were analysed concerning treatment outcome, survival and some prognostic factors. Radiotherapy with curative intent and a tumour dose of 66 Gy in 9 weeks with a 3 weeks' pause after 33 Gy was the planned treatment for 155 patients. Preoperative radiotherapy with a tumour dose of 40 Gy in 4 weeks was delivered to 28 patients, 4-6 weeks prior to cystectomy. Twenty patients with advanced disease received palliative radiotherapy with a tumour dose of 30 Gy in 2 weeks. A significant initial response to radiotherapy was obtained in 26.7% of the patients. The actuarial 5-year survival was 24% for patients treated with definitive radiotherapy only. The most important factors associated with survival in this radiotherapy group were stage (T-class), performance status and serum creatinine. Acute side-effects were common and in 18% of the patients deviation from the planned treatment was necessary.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
Prevention of travellers' diarrhoea by Lactobacillus GG.
A placebo-controlled double-blind study was conducted on the efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in preventing travellers' diarrhoea. Altogether 820 persons travelling on holiday to southern Turkey to two destinations were randomized into two groups receiving either Lactobacillus GG or placebo in identical sachets. On the return flight each participant completed a questionnaire indicating the incidence of diarrhoea and related symptoms during the trip. Of the original group 756 (92%) subjects completed the study acceptably. The overall incidence of diarrhoea was 43.8% (331 cases). The total incidence of diarrhoea in the placebo group was 46.5% and in the Lactobacillus GG 41.0% indicating an overall protection of 11.8%. Protection rates varied between two different destinations with the maximum protection rate reported as 39.5%. Among older age groups there was significantly less diarrhoea when compared to younger travellers. Lactobacillus GG appeared to be effective in reducing the occurrence of travellers' diarrhoea in one of the two destinations with no side effects.
Adolescent↗
Conventionally administered preoperative radiotherapy in urinary bladder cancer.
27 patients with locally advanced carcinoma (T2-T4) of the urinary bladder received preoperative pelvic irradiation of 4000 cGy in four weeks before cystectomy. Good response to radiotherapy and stage reduction was seen in cystectomy specimens of eight patients. They remained disease free during the mean follow-up of 73 months and had the mean survival time of 78 months. Twelve patients who had a residual tumour at cystectomy developed distant failure during the follow-up. The mean survival time for these patients was 28 months. The five-year survival rate of the entire group was 44%. Four patients (14%) died of postoperative complications.
Adult↗
Split-course radiotherapy for urinary bladder cancer.
In this retrospective study 119 patients with T1-T4 carcinoma of the urinary bladder were treated with split-course radiotherapy. The 3-week rest period was compensated with a 10% increase in the total radiation dose to 6600 cGy. Therapy was completed as planned by 86% of the patients. The actuarial 5-year survival for these patients was 20%. Both the 3- and 5-year survival figures were better for patients with local control of the tumour achieved either by combined surgery and radiotherapy or by radiotherapy alone, than for patients with recurrent tumours after radiotherapy. The results of the split-course regimen were comparable to the results of continuous radiotherapy used for urinary bladder cancer.
Age Factors↗
Accidents among children in communal day-care centres in Helsinki.
The aim of this one-year prospective study of accidents in day-care centres was to determine the incidence and mechanisms of accidents and their severity. During 1985, 347 accidents were reported among 14511 children in communal day-care centres, an incidence of 24/1,000 children/year. The corresponding figures were 53 and 38 in 1975 and 1980, respectively. The accidents, especially those due to violence and falling, tended to occur during the morning hours and on Mondays and Tuesdays. Half the cases were treated in hospitals and one-third in health centres. The most usual mechanisms, falling stumbling and violence, covered two-thirds of all accidents.
Accidents↗
The effects of lactulose-sweetened yoghurt on the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal transit in healthy human volunteers.
A non-invasive, radioisotopic method was utilised to study the effects of a lactulose-sweetened yoghurt product on gastric emptying and intestinal transit. Healthy human volunteers were given 99mtechnetium-DTPA-labelled lactulose yoghurt before and after adaptation to the product. A control group received a similarly labelled glucose solution. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit were evaluated by scintigraphy. The mean half-time for gastric emptying for glucose was 39.8 +/- 3.4 min and for lactulose yoghurt, 31.3 +/- 11.0 min. After 10 days' adaptation, the corresponding value for lactulose yoghurt was 25.2 +/- 8.2 min. Intestinal transit time was faster after lactulose yoghurt than after glucose solution and did not change during adaptation. The observed effects indicate that lactulose yoghurt may be beneficial in the treatment or chronic constipation using dietary methods.
Adult↗
Intestinal absorption of oxalate by xylitol-treated rats and mice.
The absorption of 14C-labelled oxalic acid was studied in Wistar rats, CD-1 mice and NMRI mice. Oxalic acid in solution was given to the animals by gavage either with water alone or with 0.625 g/kg b.w. of xylitol. Both xylitol-adapted animals and animals not previously exposed to xylitol were used. Adaptation to xylitol diets enhanced the absorption and urinary excretion of the label (oxalic acid) in both strains of mice but not in rats. Earlier studies have indicated a high incidence of bladder calculi in mice but not in rats fed high amounts of xylitol. The results of the present study offer one likely explanation for the increased formation of bladder calculi as a result of oversaturation of urine with oxalate.
Administration, Oral↗
Preservation of intestinal integrity during radiotherapy using live Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures.
Twenty-four female patients suffering from gynaecological malignancies and scheduled for internal and external irradiation of the pelvic area (pelvic dose 5000 cGy) were selected for a study on prevention of intestinal side-effects by live Lactobacillus acidophilus cultures. The patients were randomised into two groups. Both groups received dietary counselling recommending a low-fat and low-residue diet during radiotherapy. The control group received dietary counselling only. The test group received 150 ml of a fermented milk test product supplying them with at least 2 X 10(9) live Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria daily and 6.5% lactulose as substrate for the bacteria. The results indicated that the test product appeared to prevent radiotherapy-associated diarrhoea. However, flatulence was increased probably due to lactulose ingestion in the test group.
Adult↗
Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to fat free milk and low-lactose fat free milk in healthy human volunteers.
The blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to test milk samples were studied in healthy normal volunteers. After an overnight fast the subjects were given 500 ml of either regular fat free milk (approximately 25 g lactose) or 500 ml of a new low-lactose fat free milk (3.75 g lactose and 4.25 g fructose). Blood glucose levels were not significantly altered after either milk sample, but plasma insulin responses were significantly elevated after milk consumption. The response was slightly but not significantly higher after regular fat-free milk than after the low-lactose fat free milk. The results suggest that fat free milk does not exert a fast effect on blood glucose concentration and therefore fat free milk and especially low-lactose fat free milk may prove to be suitable for diabetic diets.
Animals↗
A versatile transformation system for the cellulolytic filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei.
An efficient transformation system for the cellulolytic filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei has been developed. Transformation was obtained with plasmid carrying the dominant selectable marker amdS or the argB gene of Aspergillus nidulans, which was found to complement the respective argB mutation of T. reesei. The transformation frequency can be up to 600 transformants per microgram of transforming DNA. The efficiency of co-transformation with unselected DNA was high (approx. 80%). The transforming DNA was found to be integrated at several different locations, often in multiple tandem copies in the T. reesei genome. In addition, the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase was expressed in T. reesei in enzymatically active form from the A. nidulans gpd promoter.
Amidohydrolases↗
Urinary excretion of orally administered oxalic acid in MYRJ 45-treated NMRI mice.
Polyoxyethylene(8)stearate (MYRJ 45) has been shown to cause bladder tumours in chronic feeding studies. During this study the effects of dietary MYRJ 45 on the urinary excretion of dietary oxalic acid were tested. Male NMRI mice were gradually adapted to 20% MYRJ 45 in their diet. The animals were then dosed, after a 6 h fast, with 2 microCi of [U-14C]oxalic acid either with 1 ml of water or 1 ml of 20% MYRJ 45 in water. The urinary and faecal excretion of the label were determined using the combustion method coupled with liquid scintillation counting. MYRJ 45 was observed to increase significantly the urinary absorption of 14C in male NMRI mice when compared to control mice dosed with oxalic acid and water. The increase was observed both in MYRJ 45-pretreated mice receiving the label with MYRJ 45 or with water and in control mice receiving the label in a 20% MYRJ 45 water solution. The result indicates that dietary MYRJ 45 significantly increases the urinary excretion of dietary oxalic acid in male NMRI mice. This increase may contribute to the bladder tumour formation by facilitating calcium oxalate crystalluria with potential bladder wall irritating effect in mice.
Animals↗
Occurrence of symptomatic knee osteoarthrosis in rural Finland: a prospective follow up study.
All visits to physicians in the Orivesi Region Federation of Municipalities for Public Health Work in Finland paid due to symptomatic osteoarthrosis of the knee joint were prospectively recorded over a period of one year. Two hundred and thirty four visits were made, accounting for 0.63% of all visits. The prevalence of knee osteoarthrosis was 1.11% (men 0.45%, women 1.72%), and the incidence was 0.60%. The disease occurred almost twice as often in the right knee than in the left. The study provides basic information about patients needing medical help because of symptomatic knee osteoarthrosis. The results can be used as an aid to the planning of examination and treatment resources and in assessment of the need for such services.
Adult↗