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Biomedical subjects

E Saksela

Publications and source records attributed to E Saksela.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Induction of latent Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in human cervical epithelial cells in vitro.

An in vitro method was used to induce non-productive herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections in human ecto- and endocervical epithelial cells. Adenine arabinoside (ara-A) could prevent the replication of HSV-2 in ecto- and endocervical cells and after removal of ara-A from growth medium a rapid destruction of explants with development of infectious virus was observed. When ara-A was not withdrawn until 4 days or later after in vitro infection the morphological, immunofluorescent and virological studies detected no infections. However, 2-3 weeks after inoculation there were in some cultures morphological as well as immunofluorescent signs of HSV infection without demonstrable infectious virus, indicating an incidental abortive nature of the infective process.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1977

Occurrence of genital herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus infections in pregnancy.

A total of 244 pregnant women, 172 in the first and 72 in the third trimester, were screened for genital herpes simplex (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections using virus isolation, cytological examination and serological studies. In addition, immuno-fluorescence staining of exfoliated cervical cells was used for the detection of HSV infections. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) could not be isolated and no characteristic HSV altered cells were found in cytological (PAPA) smears. Cytomegalovirus was isolated four times but PAPA smears obtained from these patients were also normal. In 34 (14%) patients HSV antiserum detected immunofluorescence positive exfoliated cervical cells. Overall, 14% of patients had HSV-2 antibodies and 71% CMV antibodies. No differences between the first or third trimesters in these respects were noted.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Choriocarcinoma: expression of tumor- and trophoblast-associated antigens in patients with low chorionic gonadotropin excretion.

The circulating levels of four tumor- or trophoblast-associated antigens were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 11 patients with gestational choriocarcinoma. The estimations were carried out at the time when the urinary gonadotropin (hCG) excretion was low or negligible. Gonadotropin, measured as the hCG beta-subunit, was detected in serum of three patients, one of whom also showed a slightly raised level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). All patients had normal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and no trace of human placental lactogen could be demonstrated. Repeat estimation after treatment of patients with raised levels showed a disappearance or a marked decrease of the circulating hCG levels and a return to normal of the elevated serum CEA level. The results show that although CEA levels may occasionally be elevated new information can hardly be expected from markers other than hCG when one is monitoring response to treatment, but AFP may have potential significance in the distinction between pregnancy and a trophoblastic disease. The circulating levels of hCG are of vital importance in the monitoring of choriocarcinoma patients who appear to be in remission by the conventional analysis of urinary hCG excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Blocking effect of rheumatoid factor on the in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphoid cells from carcinoma patients.

Human cryo-IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) preparations blocked the tumor-specific in vitro cytotoxicity of ovarian or bladder carcinoma patients' lymphoid cells in microcytotoxicity assays. The effect was mediated by pretreatment of the effector cells. Cryo-IgM RF free of detectable IgG blocked in a dilution-dependent manner, and immunosorbent purification of contaminating IgG from another preparation did not abrogate the blocking effect. Control IgM preparations lacking RF activity did not block the cytotoxicity, and normal human serum preincubation of the RF preparations rendered them inactive, indicating that the blocking effect was due to the anti-IgG activity of the RF.

Cryoglobulins↗
PubMed1976

Clinical follow-up and the cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HeLa cells in patients with invasive or preinvasive cervical cancer.

18% of patients with clinical stage Ib-IIa invasive cervical carcinoma, in contrast to 57% of patients with a more advanced carcinoma at the time of treatment, were positive in microcytotoxicity tests with peripheral blood lymphoid cells against HeLa cells in repeated tests 4--22 months after treatment. About half of the patients with cytotoxic lymphoid cells before treatment had lost this capacity at follow-up: the same was true of patients with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ. Eight out of 33 patients with mild epithelial dysplasia were cytotoxic at the start of the study. Five (62%) of the cytotoxic donors had signs of persisting epithelial atypia or of progressive disease, whereas only 7 (28%) of the 25 non-reactive patients had cytological abnormalities and in none had the disease progressed. Persisting cytoxicity at follow-up may thus be related to the continuing presence of the disease in these patients.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1976

Cell-mediated anti-embryo cytotoxicity in human pregnancy.

The microcytotoxicity assay has been used to study human maternal cell-mediated immunity against foetal lung cells derived from foetal autopsies and amnion cells from full-term deliveries. Cytotoxicity against semi-allogeneic foetal lung cells but not against adult skin fibroblasts was detected in fourteen cases. No cytotoxicity was detected in six mothers tested during the first 15 weeks of gestation whereas 58% of mothers in the 15-17 weeks of gestation (twelve cases) and 88% with more advanced pregnancies (eight cases) were specifically cytotoxic. Cross-reactions against allogeneic foetal lung cells were mainly produced by effector cells from patients with 16-17-week-old pregnancies. No cytotoxicity was detected against semi-allogeneic amnion cells by effector cells from mothers after full-term deliveries. Cytotoxicity was blocked by autologous post-abortum sera in two out of seven cases. The effect of autologous post-abortum sera on non-cytotoxic effector cells was nonspecifically arming in four out of ten cases.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1976

Two types of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, arming and sensitization.

Haptenated chicken erythrocytes, anti-hapten antibodies and normal spleen cells were used for a sutdy of parameters of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Anti-hapten antibody was introduced to the reaction either bound to the target cells (sensitization) or to the effector cells (arming). Our data suggest that the same effector cells and the same antibodies were responsible for both types of reactions. More antibody was required for arming (ca. 1 ng/ml) than for sensitization (ca. 10 pg/ml). Antibodies of several mammalian species could cooperate in ADCC with human, rat, or guinea pig spleen effector cells, but fowl antibodies were inefficient in the arming of mammalian effector cells. Rat and human spleen cells were powerful effector cells whereas guinea pig, rabbit, and mouse spleens yielded weakly cytotoxic suspensions. Rabbit antibodies, on the other hand, were efficient, but rat antibodies were less efficient in ADCC. Mouse and guinea pig antibodies appear to take an intermediate position. Our data suggest that ADCC effector cells of the spleen contain phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells, and the non-phagocytic effector cells still constitute a heterogenous population.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Specifically cytotoxic human and mouse lymphoid cells induced with antibody or antigen-antibody complexes.

Human or mouse lymphoid cells could be "armed" with anti-NIP antibodies to become cytotoxic to NNP-conjugated fowl erythrocytes (NNP and NIP are closely related haptens). The arming factor was neutralized by a sufficient concentration of NIP-BSA (twice the concentration causing maximal precipitation) but low concentrations (e.g., 7% of the maximal precipitation concentration) increased the arming capacity.

Animals↗