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Biomedical subjects

E S Tan

Publications and source records attributed to E S Tan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Change of steroidogenic pathways in the ovary of a tropical catfish, Clarias macrocephalus, Gunther, after hCG treatment.

Adult female catfish received an im injection of 454 IU hCG in 0.2 ml saline. Sixteen hours later, the ovarian tissue from the hCG-treated or control fish was aerobically incubated in vitro with 4-[14C]progesterone or 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone at 30 degrees for 60 min. When progesterone was employed as the substrate, significant production of androstenedione and testosterone was observed in the control group. However, after the hCG injection, a markedly higher amount of 20 beta-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one was produced. Furthermore, the androgen production was diminished, and the production of 5 beta-reduced C21 metabolites such as 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one was also reduced in the hCG-treated group. From 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as a substrate, considerable amounts of androstenedione and testosterone were obtained as the metabolites in the control group. However, after the hCG treatment, production of 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha, 20 beta-diOHprog) and its 5 beta-reduced metabolite was markedly stimulated, while the androgen production was reduced drastically. By evaluating the yield of each product, it was suggested that the tentatively calculated activity of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C-17-C-20 lyase was diminished by the hCG treatment and that 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was activated. It indicates that hCG changed the ovarian steroidogenic pathway from androgen production to formation of 17 alpha, 20 beta-diOHprog, an inducer of germinal vesicle breakdown.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1989

The influence of consensus on the assessment of physical disease in chronic community psychiatric patients.

Physical disease is a frequent concomitant of mental disease. The majority of chronic psychiatric patients have physical complaints. Screening physical disease on a regular basis in an ambulatory setting for chronic psychiatric patients is often impossible if only for lack of medical manpower and facilities. Especially for the nonmedical personnel of a community psychiatric unit (CPU) for chronic patients, approaching and handling physical complaints and diseases poses a formidable problem. This paper addresses the issue of screening physical disease from a completely different viewpoint than that of the often advocated but just as often infeasible routine physical examination and laboratory workup. It is argued that consensus (i.e., agreement and mutual understanding) between patient and therapist on the physical well-being of the patient may increase the accuracy with which a CPU therapist, irrespective of his/her discipline, assesses physical disease. This hypothesis was tested in a sample of 156 chronic ambulatory psychiatric patients. Consensus between patient and CPU therapist was measured by means of a questionnaire. The CPU therapist assessment on physical disease in both the consensus and no consensus group was compared with those of two external medical observers; the patients' general practitioner and a specialist in internal medicine, who followed a protocolized physical screening procedure. The results tend to support the proposed hypothesis. Replication of this study using a larger samples is recommended in order to confirm the value of consensus in the assessment of physical disease in at least some subgroups of chronic ambulatory psychiatric patients and for the implications that consensus could have for daily community psychiatric practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Physical illness in chronic psychiatric patients from a community psychiatric unit. The implications for daily practice.

The prevalence and significance of physical diseases, and health-care-seeking behaviour, were examined in a sample of 218 chronic psychiatric patients from an urban community psychiatric unit. Only 14% declined medical screening. Of the respondents, 53% had one or more probable or certain physical diseases warranting further medical attention. The majority of the diseases found were minor and typical of primary care problems. A severe (i.e. life-threatening) disease was present in 7% of respondents. Of the patients, 87% visited their GP at least once a year. The implications are that frequent consultation with primary care specialists and health-care-seeking behaviour should be noted, and included in any evaluation of the medical needs of chronic patients in community psychiatric care.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1988

Variations in exercise systolic blood pressure in physically active middle-aged men with normal and elevated blood pressure.

Considerable interindividual variation in the response of blood pressure to exercise has been found. In this study the response of systolic blood pressure during a progressive maximal bicycle ergometer test was investigated in 747 physically active male subjects over age of 40 years with normal, borderline elevated, and elevated resting blood pressure. The influence of several subject characteristics on this response was studied: 53% of variation in exercise systolic blood pressure (eSBP) could be explained by work load, pre-eSBP, and maximal working capacity (Wmax). No difference in the slope of eSBP during the exercise test was seen between the three groups. Subjects with higher Wmax had lower systolic blood pressures at the same work load compared with subjects with a lower Wmax. Subjects in the elevated blood pressure group had significantly lower Wmax, although maximal heart rate and lactate were similar. Other variables were not significantly associated with eSBP.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Endocrine changes associated with spawning behavior and social stimuli in a wild population of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). I. Males.

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were collected from a natural spawning population at Pennask Lake, B.C. Blood samples were taken from male trout at different stages of spawning and assayed by radioimmunoassay for gonadotropin (GtH), testosterone (T). 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17,20-P). Testosterone and 11-KT were detected in the plasma of males in spawning condition: 11-KT was at a higher concentration than T and declined to undetectable levels in postspawning fish. There were striking increases in plasma GtH and 17,20-P in males actively courting nest building females. The increase in 17,20-P was evidently not dependent upon an elevation of the pituitary hormone: 17,20-P remained low in males placed with sexually inactive, unovulated females even though GtH levels rose above levels measured in males isolated from females. The significance of the social control of hormone levels is not clear. There is some evidence that 17,20-P and/or GtH may cause an increase in quantity of the milt, and thus the endocrine response to a sexually active female may serve to synchronize maximum male fertility with oviposition readiness in the female.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Endocrine changes associated with spawning behavior and social stimuli in a wild population of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). II. Females.

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were collected from a natural spawning population at Pennask Lake, B.C. Blood samples taken from female trout at different stages of spawning were assayed by radioimmunoassay for gonadotropin (GtH), estradiol-17 beta (E2), androgens, including testosterone (T), and 17 alpha-hydroxy-20 beta-dihydroprogesterone (17,20-P). Plasma levels of androgen and estradiol were highest in females sampled shortly before ovulation ("green" females) and declined in ovulated and sexually active females, reaching lowest levels in postspawning fish. Concentrations of 17,20-P rose markedly in ovulated females allowed to dig nests and interact with sexually active males. Plasma GtH levels were similar in green unovulated females and ovulated fish prevented from spawning, but showed a marked increase in actively nest building ovulated fish. The results demonstrate that social stimuli affect plasma levels of 17,20-P and perhaps GtH. The functional significance of the endocrine responses to social factors is not clear, but it is suggested that increased hormone levels may contribute to an acceleration or synchronization of breeding, or be responsible for causing and maintaining more vigorous sexual activity.

Androgens↗
PubMed1985

The care of paraplegics and tetraplegics in Singapore.

A brief description of the evolution of the spinal injury unit in Singapore is given. Based on statistics gathered between 1973 and 1983 on all of the 713 traumatic cases treated at this unit, the causes, pattern and effect of spinal cord injury in Singapore are analysed, and highlights on the other supporting services available in Singapore for paraplegics and tetraplegics, from long term institutional care and hostel accommodation to vocational assessment, training and placement are given.

Home Nursing↗
PubMed1983

Stroke rehabilitation--Singapore experience.

A total of 1310 cases of cerebrovascular disease with neurological deficit admitted for rehabilitation at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, during the past 10 years (1973 to 1982) are collected and analysed. Those cases due to head injury or brain tumours are excluded from this study. 763 (58.24%) were males and 547 (41.76%) were females. 48.24% were above the age of 60, and there was almost an equal distribution of left and right hemiplegics (642 left hemiplegics and 615 right hemiplegics), with 53 having bilateral stroke. 77.25% of the cases were caused by cerebral thrombosis. 808 (61.68%) cases had hypertension, and 298 (22.75%) cases suffered from diabetes mellitus. After rehabilitation, 89.01% of the cases were ambulant with or without aids or appliances, and 91.91% were either fully independent or partially independent in self-care activities. 95.8% of the patients stayed less than three months in hospital, and 48.09% were able to go home within the first month of hospitalisation. Out of 668 cases who were working before the onset of stroke, 338 (50.60%) could return to gainful employment after their discharge from the hospital.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

Companion program by university students and behavioral change in female chronic schizophrenics.

Experimental evidence showed that university students who participated in the "companion program" produced positive changes in chronic schizophrenic patients. This study reported the number of visits in order to produce observable behavioral changes. Thirty-six female patients hospitalized for at least 3 years were visited by university students once, twice, or three times weekly for 7 weeks. A control group received no visit. Results revealed that only functional behavior in the three visits per week group showed significant improvement, which suggests that a minimum of three visits of half an hour each per week is required to produce behavioral changes in female chronic schizophrenic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Behavioural self-analysis in the medical curriculum: a comparison of Malaysian and American experiences.

Behavioural self-analysis projects were introduced into the second year medical curriculum in behavioural sciences at the University of Malaya. Students performance and evaluation of the experience were compared with those of American medical students. It was concluded that receptivity of medical students to principles of behaviour therapy is relatively similar in the two societies.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1979

Rehabilitation of traumatic spinal cord lesions--results of 145 cases treated between 1973 and 1977.

An analysis of 145 traumatic spinal cord lesions admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, between 1973 and 1977 is made. The annual incidence based on this figure and on a population of 2.2 million was 16.3 per million population. 68% of the cases were within the employable age group of 15 to 45 years. 40% of them were due to industrial accidents, 36% from road traffic accidents and 24% resulted from other causes like domestic accidents, sports mishaps and criminal violence. An analysis of the site of lesion shows that 71 cases had lesions at the cervical level, 50 at the thoracic lumbar region, 9 at the upper thoracic region and 15 at the lumbar region. After a course of rehabilitaion 66% were able to walk either independently or with some form of aids, 27% were wheelchair-bound and the rest were bedridden at time of discharge. In self-care activities 79% were independent, 15% were partially dependent and the rest totally dependent after rehabilitation.

Accidents, Home↗