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Biomedical subjects

E S Gurdjian

Publications and source records attributed to E S Gurdjian.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

History of occlusive cerebrovascular disease I. from Wepfer to Moniz.

Occlusive cerebrovascular disease of carotid and vertebral arteries was described by Wepfer in 1658 and by Willis in 1665. Wepfer thought apoplexy resulted from occlusive disease of the vessels. Willis described collateral channels between these vessels, which prevented the development of stroke.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

History of occlusive cerebrovascular disease. II. After Moniz, with special reference to surgical treatment.

Angiography and related procedures are discussed. Ophthalmodynamometry, recording of bruits and temporal pulse, and thermography have been mentioned. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and some causes are described: embolic obstruction, followed by absorption of the clot or its removal in the blood, with symtomatic recovery; hemodynamic crisis resulting from lowering of systemic blood pressure by hemorrhage due to trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, and other causes with recovery following blood replacement. Special types of occlusive disease include fibromuscular hyperplasia of the carotid, dissecting aneurysm of the aortic arch and branches, causing carotid and vertebral occlusions, moyamoya disease, and low profusion syndrome, generalized or unilateral. Surgical management includes reconstructive surgery and endarterectomy of extracranial vessels supplying the brain and extracranial-intracranial vascular anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Cerebral contusions: re-evaluation of the mechanism of their development.

At the present writing, the biomechanics of "coup-contrecoup" contusions may be summarized as follows: 1) "Coup" contusions are caused by the slapping effect of discrete areas of inbeding bone during impact. "Contrecoup" contusions are caused by the movements of the brain against irregular and rough bony enviornment. 2) When the head is relatively fixed, a blunt discrete impact causes a "coup" lesion with no "contrecoup" effect. 3) When the head is free to move, a blunt impact will cause a contrecoup lesion or lesions and no "coup" effect. 4) "Fracture contusion" is caused by the slapping effect of the fracture site on the outbending cerebral surface. In such cases, occassionally the dura may be torn. 5) Deeper contusions in the substance of the brain are due to inertial stresses from relative movements and pressure gradients. 6) Contusions of the cerebral tonsils are due to their relative movements at the posterior fossa-foramen magnum junction.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Re-evaluation of the biomechanics of blunt impact injury of the head.

With blunt impacts, there may be bruising or tearing of scalp, elastic deformation of the skull with or without linear fracture, mass motions or relative movements of the brain mass--inertial stress propagation--as well as pressure gradients. Mass motions of the brain may cause concussion, vascular tears with extravasation and contusions of the cerebral surface as well as lesions in the deeper portions of the cerebral mass. Coup contusion is caused by the inbending bone at the impact site striking the immobile head. Contrecoup contusiions result from injury to the brain surface in the frontotemporal area as the moving brain impacts the rough and irregular bony interior. In the experimental laboratory, a contusion is easily produced by a moving object striking the relatively immobile head. During impact if the head is on a solid stand, such as the metal table, a contrecoup lesion is seen at the opposite end from the impact site. This contrecoup lesion is produced by the brain impacting the skull, as well as the flattening of the skull against the brain at the antipole, from the presence of the solid table. Intermediate contusions develop between the impact site and the antipole in the brain interior as a result of inertial stress propagation.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗