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Biomedical subjects

E S Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to E S Cooper.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

CAP comprehensive blood bank survey--1985.

Approximately 2800 laboratories participate in the voluntary Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American Pathologists, including graded challenges relating to ABO and Rh typing, antibody detection and identification, and crossmatching. The Surveys have shown consistently good performance in these areas. Ungraded responses reporting results of antigen typing, other cell or serum challenges selected for educational value, and supplemental questions are reviewed. The supplemental questions are designed to elicit practice patterns and to present opportunities for educational comments in the critiques.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

Age-relationships of Toxocara canis seropositivity and geohelminth infection prevalence in two communities in St. Lucia, West Indies.

Sera were examined from an age-stratified sample of two Caribbean communities using the Toxocara-ELISA with larval ES antigen. Seropositivity was markedly age dependent, attaining maximal values (40 and 60%) in 5-15 year olds and declining in adults. The rate of acquisition of infection with Toxocara canis and the age-prevalence profile are similar to those of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. It is suggested that toxocariasis is likely to be prevalent in tropical areas with endemic geohelminthiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

CAP Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey--1984.

An average of 2750 laboratories participated in the 1984 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American Pathologists. Results from 16 laboratories were utilized to validate results and assure maintenance of specimen character during shipment. Results of ABO grouping, D typing, special antigen typing, antibody detection, and antibody identification by participants remained good and are discussed. Special ungraded samples were provided as additional challenges. The results of these studies and the responses to supplementary questions are discussed.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

Cerebrovascular disease in blacks.

Stroke in black Americans is an important health problem that has been understudied. A brief review of the pertinent literature and strategies for evaluating and managing patients with cerebrovascular disease are presented.

Black People↗
PubMed1986

Coconut water.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Use of the erythrocyte rosette test to screen for excessive fetomaternal hemorrhage in Rh-negative women.

The possibility of Rh immune globulin failure exists when a fetomaternal hemorrhage exceeds 25 to 30 ml of whole blood and only one 300 micrograms vial of Rh immune globulin is administered. In this prospective study of 1000 consecutive Rh-negative women who were delivered of Rh-positive newborn infants, the presence of fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood was identified with use of both the Du test read microscopically and the erythrocyte rosette test. All positive tests prompted fetomaternal hemorrhage quantification with use of a modified Kleihauer-Betke acid elution test. Nineteen patients demonstrated a positive rosette test, and the only positive Du tests were in five of these 19. Six of the nineteen had levels of greater than 30 ml of whole blood for an incidence of 0.6% for fetomaternal hemorrhage exceeding the protective capabilities of the standard Rh immune globulin dosage. In experiments with simulated fetomaternal hemorrhage, all 79 samples, containing from 2.5 to 70 ml of fetal whole blood, were positive according to the erythrocyte rosette test. Applying the Du test to the same samples resulted in a 30% false negative rate at the level of a 30 ml simulated hemorrhage. Based on sufficient sensitivity, ease of interpretation, and reasonable cost, the rosette test appears to be a superior screening test for excessive fetomaternal hemorrhage in Rh immune globulin candidates.

Blood Volume Determination↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiological characteristics of Toxocara canis zoonotic infection of children in a Caribbean community.

The study reports the results of a summary of the prevalence and symptomatology of paediatric toxocariasis in Anse-la-Raye, St. Lucia. The seroprevalence of Toxocara canis among the children, as determined by ELISA, was 86%, the highest level recorded to date. In contrast, the prevalence of infection in dogs was not abnormally high, although the canine population was large and unconstrained compared to that in industrial countries. The presence of infective ova in peridomestic areas and the widespread practice of pica among children in the village probably combine to enhance exposure to infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The 1983 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American Pathologists.

Approximately 2,800 laboratories participated in the 1983 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American Pathologists. Sixteen reference laboratories participated to validate the results and provide a referee consensus for grading of antibody studies. Participant consensus was used to evaluate ABO, Rh, and crossmatching results. Ungraded antigen typing results are included as well as discussions of the ungraded additional challenges and supplementary questions. Accuracy of participant results remains high on these surveys.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1985

Population dynamics and chemotherapeutic control of Trichuris trichiura infection of children in Jamaica and St. Lucia.

Population dynamical parameters of Trichuris trichiura infections in children were estimated from longitudinal intensity and prevalence data from a population (n = 23) in a children's home in Jamaica. The theoretical predictions of a deterministic model incorporating these parameters were approximated to observed horizontal-age prevalence data from a naturally infected population (n = 203) of children in a St. Lucian village, and a rough estimate of the basic reproductive rate (Ro = 8-10) of T. trichiura obtained. The findings suggest that T. trichiura populations are intrinsically more difficult to control by traditional mass-treatment chemotherapy (eradication requires greater than 91% of the population to be treated every 6 months for greater than 5 years) than are populations of Ascaris, but may be more susceptible to selective chemotherapy programmes which aim to treat only the most heavily infected individuals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Rate of expulsion of Trichuris trichiura with multiple and single dose regimens of albendazole.

The efficacy of multiple and single dose regimens of albendazole on Trichuris trichiura infection was evaluated by counting the number of worms expelled/day from two pair-matched groups of children, for nine days following therapy. The temporal patterns of worm expulsion were similar whether the children received a single 400 mg dose or two consecutive doses: no worms were passed before the second day, or after the sixth day, after intervention, and the maximum worm expulsion rate was attained on the fourth day. A second treatment six days after the first expelled no more worms. The results obtained here resemble those obtained previously with a three-day (600 mg) regimen of mebendazole in a study of heavily infected children. We conclude: that irrespective of dose, benzimidazole carbamates require the gut transit time plus 48 hours to immobilize T. trichiura; and that a single dose of albendazole is effective against light infections of T. trichiura but requires further evaluation with high intensity infections.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1985

Population distribution of Trichuris trichiura in a community of Jamaican children.

The Trichuris trichiura worm burdens of 23 children living in a Place-of-Safety in Kingston, Jamaica, were assessed by stool collection for more than five days after treatment with mebendazole. This procedure was repeated after a seven-month period of natural re-infection. For both collections the maximum rate of worm expulsion was achieved on the fourth day after starting treatment. The worm population distributions were overdispersed and well described by the negative binomial probability model (k = 0.29) in each case. For any one individual, the number of worms passed on the first expulsion was unrelated, absolutely or relatively, to the number passed on the second. These data suggest that: knowledge of the time dependency of helminth expulsion is essential for the accurate estimation of worm burdens by this method; populations of Trichuris are more highly aggregated than those of Ascaris and may thus be more susceptible to control by selective rather than random chemotherapy; and the inherent predisposition of hosts to infection may be of minor importance in determining the distribution of worms in the population-heavily infected hosts appear no more or less likely to acquire large worm burdens on subsequent exposures.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey.

Approximately 2,400 laboratories participated in the 1982 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American Pathologists. Fourteen Referee Laboratories were utilized to validate the results of participants and to assure lack of deterioration of the specimens during shipment. Results of the participants in ABO grouping, Rh D typing, special antigen typing, and antibody detection and identification are reported and discussed. Special ungraded studies, which provided additional challenges, and supplementary questions with the responses of participants are also included.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1984

Cold hemagglutination pathophysiology. Evaluation and management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with induced hypothermia.

The widespread induction of systemic hypothermia and use of iced cardioplegic solutions in cardiac surgery may promote occasional cold autoagglutination. Routine laboratory methods used to detect cold-agglutinating autoantibodies may not take into account the extremely low temperatures that the heart and body may attain during cardiopulmonary bypass. Several cold-mediated complications have now been encountered during cardiac surgery in patients with both known and unsuspected cold-reactive autoantibodies. This review will provide the clinician with a working knowledge of the cold autoimmune disorders, a rapid method for differential diagnosis in unproved cases, and an ability to select techniques for reliable myocardial and renal protection in both known and unsuspected cases.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1982

Hypertension: an update.

Current advances in hypertension are examined from the perspectives of both the individual patient and the community at large. Great progress has been made in the control of hypertension using a multipronged approach beginning with public and professional education. The recent nationwide fall in cardiovascular mortality is due at least in part to progress in hypertension control. There remain, however, segments of our population that are hard to reach and will continue to require community screening and special treatment programs. Governmental budgeting restraints should not be permitted to jeopardize our highly successful hypertension control and research programs.

Antihypertensive Agents↗