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E Ruotsalainen

Publications and source records attributed to E Ruotsalainen.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Common polymorphisms of calpain-10 are associated with abdominal obesity in subjects at high risk of type 2 diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The mechanisms by which the calpain-10 gene (CAPN10) affects the risk of type 2 diabetes are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of four polymorphisms in CAPN10 (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]-43, SNP-44, Insertion/Deletion [Indel]-19 and SNP-63) on insulin secretion, insulin action and abdominal fat distribution in offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Insulin secretion was determined by an IVGTT, insulin action by the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and abdominal fat distribution by computed tomography in 158 non-diabetic offspring (age 34.9+/-6.3 years [mean+/-SD], BMI 26.2+/-4.9 kg/m(2)) of type 2 diabetic patients. RESULTS: SNP-43 (p=0.009 over the three genotypes, adjusted for age, sex, BMI and family relationship) and haplotypes carrying the A allele of SNP-43 were associated with intra-abdominal fat area. The A allele of SNP-43 was associated with intra-abdominal fat area in men (p=0.014) but not in women. SNP-44, InDel-19 and SNP-63 were not associated with intra-abdominal fat area or insulin action. Furthermore, we demonstrated in a separate sample of middle-aged men (n=234) who had a history of type 2 diabetes in first-degree relatives that the A allele of SNP-43 was associated with a large waist circumference, and high insulin levels in an OGTT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: SNP-43 of CAPN10 may contribute to the risk of diabetes by regulating abdominal obesity in subjects with high risk of type 2 diabetes.

Abdominal Fat↗
PubMed2006

Levofloxacin does not decrease mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia when added to the standard treatment: a prospective and randomized clinical trial of 381 patients.

OBJECTIVES: To study whether levofloxacin, added to standard treatment, could reduce the high mortality and complication rates in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. DESIGN: A prospective randomized multicentre trial from January 2000 to August 2002. SETTING: Thirteen tertiary care or university hospitals in Finland. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and eighty-one adult patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. Patients with meningitis, and those with fluoroquinolone- or methicillin-resistant S. aureus were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: Standard treatment (mostly semisynthetic penicillin) (n = 190) or that combined with levofloxacin (n = 191). Supplementary rifampicin was recommended if deep infection was suspected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary end-points were mortality at 28 days and at 3 months. Clinical and laboratory parameters were analysed as secondary end-points. RESULTS: Adding levofloxacin to the standard treatment offered no survival benefit. Case fatality rates were 14% in both groups at 28 days, and 21% in the standard treatment and 18% in the levofloxacin group at 3 months. Levofloxacin combination did not differ from the standard treatment in the number of complications, time to defervescence, decrease in serum C-reactive protein concentration or length of antibiotic treatment. Deep infection was found in 84% of patients within 1 week following randomization with no difference between the treatment groups. At 3 months, the case fatality rate for patients with deep infection was 17% amongst those who received rifampicin versus 38% for those without rifampicin (P < 0.001, odds ratio = 3.06, 95% confidence intervals = 1.69-5.54). CONCLUSIONS: Levofloxacin combined with standard treatment in S. aureus bacteraemia did not decrease mortality or the incidence of deep infections, nor did it speed up recovery. Interestingly, deep infections in S. aureus bacteraemia appeared to be more common than previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A 100-kDa urinary protein is associated with insulin resistance in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: One-third of normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients show immunoreactive nephrin in urine. Offspring of type 2 diabetic patients are insulin-resistant and susceptible to the development of diabetes. We investigated whether the offspring of type 2 diabetic patients show nephrin in urine and whether possible nephrinuria is associated with insulin resistance. METHODS: Urinary proteins from timed overnight urine collections from 128 offspring of type 2 diabetic patients and 9 control subjects were analysed by western blotting using an antibody against nephrin. Glucose metabolism was assessed by OGTT and IVGTT and the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique. RESULTS: Of the offspring, 12.5% were strongly and 14.1% weakly positive for a 100-kDa urinary protein. All controls were negative. During the first 10 min of an IVGTT, the offspring strongly positive for the urinary protein had a higher insulin response than the offspring without the protein (3,700 vs 2,306 pmol l(-1)min(-1), p=0.007). Insulin sensitivity (the rate of whole-body glucose uptake divided by the steady-state insulin level x 100) was lower among the offspring strongly positive for the urinary protein than among the offspring negative for the protein (11.3 vs 15.8 micromol kg(-1)min(-1)pmol(-1)l(-1), p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A 100-kDa urinary protein detectable with a nephrin antibody is associated with insulin resistance in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Haplotypes of PPARGC1A are associated with glucose tolerance, body mass index and insulin sensitivity in offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Decreased expression of the peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha gene (PPARGC1A) is found in patients with type 2 diabetes, and variants in this gene have been linked with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in PPARGC1A on body composition and glucose tolerance and on insulin sensitivity and secretion. METHODS: Non-diabetic offspring (n=156, age 34.9+/-0.5 years [mean+/-SEM], BMI 26.2+/-0.4 kg/m2) underwent an OGTT and an IVGTT and the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. The promoter and coding regions of PPARGC1A were sequenced. RESULTS: Two haplotype blocks in PPARGC1A were observed, one in the promoter region (G-1774A, A-1679G, T-1422C, A-1278G, C-543A) and one in the coding region and 3' regions (Thr394Thr, Asp475Asp, Gly482Ser, Thr528Thr, Thr612Met, G+2381A). The coding region haplotype carrying the rare allele in codons 482 and 528 was associated with elevated glucose levels in an OGTT (p=0.024, adjusted for age, sex and BMI) and a haplotype carrying the rare alleles in codons 394 and 475 was associated with low BMI (p=0.033), high rates of whole-body glucose uptake (p=0.045) and low glucose levels in the OGTT (p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We conclude that PPARGC1A is likely to contribute to the risk of diabetes in offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

Trends and outcome of nosocomial and community-acquired bloodstream infections due to Staphylococcus aureus in Finland, 1995-2001.

In Finland, Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections are caused predominantly (>99%) by methicillin-sensitive strains. In this study, laboratory-based surveillance data on Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections occurring in Finland from 1995 to 2001 were analyzed. Preceding hospitalizations for all persons with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections were obtained from the national hospital discharge registry, and data on outcome was obtained from the national population registry. An infection was defined as nosocomial when a positive blood culture was obtained more than 2 days after hospital admission or within 2 days of admission if there was a preceding hospital discharge within 7 days. A total of 5,045 cases were identified. The annual incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection rose by 55%, from 11 per 100,000 population in 1995 to 17 in 2001. The increase was detected in all adult age groups, though it was most distinct in patients >74 years of age. Nosocomial infections accounted for 51% of cases, a proportion that remained unchanged. The 28-day death-to-case ratio ranged from 1% in the age group 1-14 years to 33% in patients >74 years of age. The 28-day death-to-case ratios for nosocomial and community-acquired infections were 22% and 13%, respectively, and did not change over time. The increase in incidence among elderly persons resulted in an increase in the annual rate of mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections, from 2.6 to 4.2 deaths per 100,000 population per year. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections are increasing in Finland, a country with a very low prevalence of methicillin resistance. While the increase may be due in part to increased reporting, it also reflects a growing population at risk, affected by such factors as high age and/or severe comorbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

High amount of visceral fat mass is associated with multiple metabolic changes in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative contribution of total body fat mass (TFM) and intra-abdominal fat mass (IAFM) to metabolic consequences of obesity in offspring of type 2 diabetic parents. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 129 nondiabetic offspring of diabetic parents (59 men, 70 women, age 35.7 +/- 6.3 y, body mass index 26.2 +/- 4.6 kg/m2). Study subjects were grouped according to TFM (assessed with bioelectrical impedance) and IAFM (assessed with CT). Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin secretion with the intravenous glucose tolerance test and energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry. Furthermore, C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin levels were measured. RESULTS: Insulin resistance, low rates of oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal, high rates of lipid oxidation and reduced energy expenditure during hyperinsulinemia were associated with high IAFM, independently of TFM. Adiponectin level was reduced and CRP level increased in subjects with high IAFM. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic changes relating to obesity are largely attributable to high IAFM, and are present even in normal weight subjects with high IAFM.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed1998

A new beclomethasone dipropionate multidose powder inhaler in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

The clinical efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of a new multidose powder inhaler (MDPI) containing beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) were compared with those of a BDP aerosol administered with a large volume spacer (MDI-spacer) among adult asthmatics currently receiving from 500 to 1,000 microgram/day of an inhaled corticosteroid. During the study, the dosage of BDP from both devices was 400 microgram twice daily. Ninety-one patients were randomized to the MDPI group and 42 to the MDI-spacer group. The trial was performed as an open, randomized, parallel group multicenter study. The duration of the treatment period was 12 weeks, and the study was preceded by a 2-week run-in period. During the run-in period, the mean morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) was 487 and 466 1/min in the MDPI and MDI-spacer groups, respectively. After the 12-week treatment, the morning PEF was 491 1/min in the MDPI group and 463 1/min in the MDI-spacer group. The evening values were 500 and 479 1/min during the run-in period and 496 and 476 1/min after the 12-week treatment, respectively. Asthma symptom scores and the use of rescue medication were low in both groups, indicating good efficacy of the preparations tested. The median dose of histamine required to decrease forced expiratory volume in 1 s by 15% increased during the study from 800 to 1,098 microgram in the MDPI group and from 795 to 960 microgram in the MDI-spacer group. The most frequent adverse events in both groups were hoarseness and sore throat. There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups in serum cortisol values or in the number of patients with thrush. Seventy-two percent of the patients regarded the MDPI easier to use while 95% considered it more portable. Over 80% of the patients felt that the MDPI was also easier to clean and as easy or easier to learn to use than the MDI-spacer. To conclude, the novel powder inhaler is well tolerated and at least equally effective as the conventional MDI-spacer combination in the treatment of asthma with BDP. However, in everyday use, patients clearly favored the powder inhaler.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

311 nm UVB lamps in the treatment of psoriasis with the Ingram regimen.

A new experimental fluorescent lamp emitting UVB mainly in a narrow peak around 311 nm was compared with a conventional broad band UVB lamp in the treatment of psoriasis with the Ingram regimen. In 20 patients one arm was treated with the new lamps and the other arm with conventional lamps. In 12 patients the results were same, but the new lamp was more effective in 8 patients. In another trial, 53% of 17 patients treated with the new lamp showed good results compared with 30% of 23 patients treated with conventional lamps. In conclusion, the 311 nm UVB lamp is at least as effective as the conventional broad band UVB lamps in the treatment of psoriasis with the Ingram regimen.

Humans↗