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Biomedical subjects

E Ruiz

Publications and source records attributed to E Ruiz.

197 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence of different actions of testosterone, estradiol, FSH, and LH on the growth axis.

To study the possible role of sexual hormones, Testosterone (T), Estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) on the growth axis, we examined the correlations between the sex, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), FSH, LH, T and E2, in growth retarded children ranging in age from 7 to 13 yr. All hormones were measured by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) in a pool of aliquots of samples obtained every 20 min over 12 h (overnight) in each child. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed. We have found: a) Thai only FSH concentrations were significantly higher in girls than in boys; b) A positive correlation between T-IGF-1; T-IGFBP3; FSH-LH; FSH-IGF-1; FSH-IGFBP3, LH-IGF-1, LH-IGFBP3 the sex-FSH; and the sex-IGFBP3 c) A high positive correlation between plasmatic E2 and IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio (an index of free, active IGF-1). We concluded that the sex, FSH, LH, T and E2 influence the growth axis. The sex through IGFBP3; LH, FSH, and T through IGF1 and IGFBP3; E2 through the IGF-1/IGFBP3 ratio, an index of active IGF-1.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Crystalline dihydrotestosterone implants in the lateral septum of male rats. A positive effect on LH and FSH.

Previous investigations in our laboratory have shown that testosterone implanted into the lateral septum in male rats increases LH and FSH secretion. However, it was unclear whether the effect of testosterone was direct via androgen receptor, or indirect via the estrogen receptor after conversion by aromatization to estradiol. To answer this question, we implanted either testosterone or the non-aromatizable androgen 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), into the lateral septum of adult male rats and measured plasma levels of LH and FSH by radioimmunoassay 2 days after implantation. Both testosterone and DHT significantly increased the plasma LH and FSH concentrations. Mean concentration of LH in control animals was 0.21 +/- 0.06 ng/ml, a figure that increased to 0.7 +/- 0.12 and 0.55 +/- 0.1 ng/ml after DHT or testosterone implantation respectively. Mean concentration of FSH in control animals was 1.5 +/- 0.3 ng/ml; this figure increased to 3 +/- 0.3 and 2.9 +/- 0.3 ng/ml after DHT or testosterone implantation. Neither plasma DHT (64.0 +/- 5.6 vs. 52 +/- 5 ng/100ml) nor plasma testosterone levels (4.1 +/- 0.38 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.18 ng/ml) were significantly affected by the implants. We conclude that androgens independently of conversion to estrogen acting in the lateral septum facilitates the release of LH and FSH.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, beta-endorphin and prolactin in human adults of both sexes.

- The effects of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) on the pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, and the possible contribution of pituitary-adrenal axis hormones, beta-endorphin and prolactin to alcohol-induced dysfunction of pituitary-gonadal axis hormones were studied in adult men and women. Blood samples were drawn from adults of both sexes who arrived at the emergency department with evident behavioural symptoms of drunkenness (AAI) or from adult volunteers with nil consumption of alcohol (controls). Our results demonstrated that AAI produces a high increase in plasma prolactin, corticotropin (adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH), and cortisol in adults of both sexes, a decrease in luteinizing hormone levels only in men, an increase in dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEAS) and a contradictory behaviour of testosterone according to gender, with increased plasma testosterone in women and a decrease in men. ACTH and prolactin correlated positively with cortisol, DHEAS and testosterone in women, which suggests that prolactin and ACTH could contribute to stimulated adrenal androgen production. In contrast, the decrease in testosterone and increase in beta-endorphin in men suggests that AAI could have an inhibitory effect on testicular testosterone, perhaps mediated by beta-endorphin. Our results suggest that the effect of alcohol on pituitary-gonadal axis hormones in humans could depend on the gender and degree of sexual maturity of the individual.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of atopy in chronic fatigue syndrome].

BACKGROUND: Several hypotheses have been postulated to explain the etiopathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Among these, immunologic dysfunction has been proposed. Up to 30 % of these patients have a history of allergic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether allergic sensitization is higher in patients with CFS than in the general population. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with CFS and 20 controls were evaluated. A clinical history for allergy was taken and immediate hypersensitivity tests were performed. RESULTS: Twelve patients (48 %) and eight controls (40 %) had a family history of atopy. Personal histories of atopy were as follows: rhinoconjunctivitis: 12 patients (48 %), seven controls (35 %); asthma: five patients (20 %), two controls (10 %); food allergy: three patients (12 %); atopic dermatitis: two patients; contact dermatitis: two patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in any of the variables (p > 0.05). In the CSF group, 3.4 % (15/441) of the inhalant prick tests were positive, and in the control group 3.8 % (16/420) were positive. None of the tests for hypersensitivity to food or latex were positive. CONCLUSIONS: In our study atopy was not more prevalent in patients with CFS than in healthy controls, although the CSF group tended to report more respiratory symptoms and drug allergies.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cytogenetics and cytochemistry of leukemia patients in 2 neotropical hospitals].

A cytogenetic and/or cytochemical study was performed in 166 individuals with leukemia or related disorders, in two major Costa Rican hospitals. In those patients treated at an adult's hospital (14 years old and over), acute leukemias represented 66% of all cases. In that hospital the most frequent types of disorders were, in decreasing order: ANLL (> M1), ALL, CML (all of them showed the Ph chromosome) and MDS. In the cases from a childrens' hospital (< 14 years old) acute leukemias were 98%. Among them the order of frequency was: ALL (70%): ALL-1 (84%), ALL-2 (16%) and ANLL (27%): M5a > M3 > M4 > M5b. In ALL 85% were type B and occurred mostly in women while 15% of them were type T and more frequent in males. There was 5.6% infant leukemia, which presented a similar number of acute lymphoids and myeloids. The cytogenetic pattern was similar among Costa Rica and other tropical and temperate countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Total gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients over 70 years old].

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the morbidity and postoperative mortality after a full gastrectomy for gastric cancer performed on patients of more than 70 years of age were different from those of younger patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1980 and 1999, a total of 411 gastrectomies for gastric adenocarcinoma were performed at the Institute of Cancer Diseases (INEN). Of these, 87 were inpatients older than 70 years of age (elderly group) and 92 were inpatients between 50 and 59 years of age (young group). The clinical record of both groups were studied and the clinical-pathological features, morbidity and postoperative mortality, staying time in hospital and survival rate were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding clinical-pathological features except in the TNM stage. In the elderly group 23.0% had stage IV and 43.5% in the young group (p=0.007). The average operating time in the elderly group was shorter than in the young group (5.5 hours versus 6.0 hours, p=0.015). The morbidity for the elderly group was 29.9% and that of the young group was 34.8%, whereas the postoperative mortality for the elderly and young groups was 4.6% and 2.2%, respectively. Pneumonia was the most frequent postoperative complication (14.8%) and the primary cause of postoperative death in the elderly group. Time in hospital and survival were similar between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity and postoperative mortality after a full gastrectomy for cancer of the stomach in the elderly is no different from those found in younger patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanical versus manual suture in the jejunal esophageal anastomosis after total gastrectomy in gastric cancer].

AIM: To compare the leakage rate of esophagojejunal anastomosis performed with stapler or hand sutures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied a series of 367 patients who underwent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Lima-Peru) from 1986 to 1999. RESULTS: In 197 patients esophagojejunal anastomosis was performed with stapler and in 170 with manual sutures. There were no differences between both groups with regard to age, TNM stage, operating time and hospital stay. There were 8 anastomotic leakage (4.1%) in the stapler group and 4 (2.4%) in the hand sutures group (p> 0.05). Of these 12 cases, 2 patients (16%) died of causes directly related to the leak of the esophagojejunal anastomosis. CONCLUSION: There were no statistical differences in the rate of leakage of the esophagojejunal anastomosis performed with stapler or hand sutures, thus both techniques should be accepted as standard procedures.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gastric cancer invading the muscularis propia].

OBJECTIVE: Determine the clinical features and the survival of patients with gastric cancer invading the muscularis propia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of the patients with gastric cancer invading the muscularis propia, that had undergone surgical treatment at the National Cancer Institute (INEN) between 1950 and 1999. We considered age, sex, location of the tumor, regional lymph node metastases (N), distant metastases (M), TNM stage and survival. RESULTS: 202 patients had gastric cancer invading the muscularis propia, the mean age was 60.03 years, 105 (52%) were females, in 69% the neoplasm was in the antrum and in 22% in the body. We found regional lymph node metastases in 48% and distant metastases in 1%; 52.1% was in the IB TNM stage and 3.1% in the IV. The five year survival rate using Kaplan Meier was 66%, patients with N0, N1, N2 and N3 had 78%, 70%, 25% and 0% respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current status of clinical nutrition at the network of public hospitals from Castilla y León].

INTRODUCTION: Clinical nutrition is an activity realized in most of Health Centres of France, Canada, Great Britain and USA. The aim of our work was to determine activity and resources of Nutrition Units of Hospitals in the Community of Castilla y León. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was send to all Hospitals of Castilla y León (SACYL); Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Hospital Comarcal de Medina del Campo, Hospital General Yagüe-Divino Vallés (Burgos), Complejo Hospitalario de Le6n, Hospital General de Segovia, Hospital Virgen de Sonsoles de Avila, Hospital Virgen de la Concha de Zamora, Hospital Comarcal de Aranda de Duero, Hospital Comarcal de Miranda, Hospital General de Soria, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Salamanca. RESULTS: Nine Centres responded questionnaire (75%). A total of 5 Hospitals had a Unit of Nutrition (55.6%). The results showed an average of 0.37 +/- 0.55 specialists for each 400 beds, 0.87 +/- 0.63 nurses for each 400 beds and 1.91 +/- 2.3 auxiliaries for each 400 beds, with an average of 0.21 +/- 0.41 specialists for each 100,000 habitants, 0.49 +/- 0.36 nurses for each 100,000 habitants and 1.09 +/- 1.2 auxiliaries for each 100,000 habitants. The activity of these Units is demanded by other Units, with an average of 3.2 +/- 3.4 consultations per day. The main diseases of this activity were 33.3% tumoral pathology, 55.6% surgery and 11.1% neurological pathology. Oral supplements were the first intervention tool. Only 3 Centres had a home artificial nutrition consultation. The main diseases of this activity were post surgical patients (33,3%), tumoral pathology (33,3%), neurological pathology (22%) and inflammatory bowel disease (11%). CONCLUSION: Resources in Units of Nutrition of Castilla y Leon were limited. However, activity in Hospital an in home is equal than other areas. New actions of Local Administration are necessaries to follow recommendations of Council of Europe.

Hospital Units↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morbidity and mortality related to gastroenteroanastomosis in advanced gastric cancer].

OBJECTIVE: Determination of the postoperative morbidity and mortality after gastroenterostomy in patients with unresectable gastric cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical records of all patients with obstructive distal gastric cancer who underwent gastroenterostomy at the Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas between 1980 and 1993. The following factors were analyzed: age, sex, hemoglobin, albumin, preoperative risk, ascites, extent of disease, operative time, hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: 198 gastroenterostomy were done with a morbidity and mortality rates of 20% and 10%, respectively. Pneumonia was the principal cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. High operative risk, adjacent organ invasion by the tumor and peritoneal metastasis were factors associated with increased postoperative morbidity (p > 0.05). High operative risk was the only prognostic factor for postoperative mortality (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Because of high postoperative morbidity and mortality, gastroenterostomy should not be done in patients with unresectable gastric cancer and high preoperative risk.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgical treatment of Klatskin's tumor].

Usually primary cancer originating in the hepatic duct confluence (Klatskin Tumor) is regarded as unresectable at diagnosis and therefore percutaneously or endoscopically placed stents have been advocated. Unfortunately with these palliative modalities the median survival is only 3-6 months. However with aggressive surgical resection of the tumor 17% of five year survival have been obtained. The present paper summarizes our experience from three patients with Klatskin tumor which underwent surgery. The Klatskin tumors were Type II (one case), Type IIIa (one case) and Type IIIb (one case). The patient with tumor Type II had wide tumor excision and extrahepatic bile duct resection at the liver hilum. The patients with tumor Type III had extrahepatic bile duct resection at the liver hilum with left and right hepatectomy respectively. Reconstruction was made with Roux-en-Y biliary enteric anastomosis, the mean post operative stay was 9 days. The mean post operative survival of two patients undergoing surgery with curative intent was 21 months, in contrast to 10 months for the patient with palliative surgery. One patient is alive 22 months with no evidence of disease. Our results supports an aggressive surgical approach in patients with Klatskin tumor which should include Hepatectomy to obtain free resection margins.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Colonoscopic diagnosis].

Between 1974 and 1992, we perform 3,054 colonoscopies for diagnosis in 2,770 patients, both of sexes, between the ages of 1 and 101 yr, most of them over the fifth decade of life. In 300 procedures the bowel cleansing was made with the standard method of liquid diet and enemas, and in the other 2,754 with the oral administration of saline solution 9% with optimal results. We get the sedation of patients with the intravenous administration of diazepam 10mg, or pethidine 50 mg, or midazolam 2.5 to 5 mg, and in children with ketamine and the anesthesiologist assistance. In 95% of the procedures we can see the cecum and the ileum; the diagnosis was abnormal in 52.78% of cases, normal in 45.20%, and insufficient in 02.02% specially for a bad cleansing of the bowel. In the abnormal group, the most frequent diseases we diagnose were: polyps, cancer, diverticular disease, and specific inflammatory disease of the bowel like TBC, radiation proctosigmoiditis, amebiasis, and non-specific bowel disease: "colitis", ulcerative proctocolitis, erosive colitis, and Crohn's disease. Colonoscopy is a very important method for diagnosis of colon diseases, alone or complementary of double contrast X-ray of the colon.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased use of mammography among Hispanic women: baseline results from the NCI Cooperative Group on Cancer Prevention in Hispanic Communities.

BACKGROUND: The Healthy People 2000 report set the objective of increasing the percentage of women 40 or older who had ever received a mammogram and clinical breast examination to 80% by the year 2000. The report used a baseline of 36% for all American women and 20% for Hispanic women. The purpose of this study was to compare baseline estimates with data obtained in five Hispanic communities. METHODS: Common survey measures were administered in five studies participating in a National Cancer Institute Cooperative agreement. The surveys evaluated history of mammography in five Hispanic communities in the southwestern Unites States. RESULTS: Across the five communities, the rates of mammography use were significantly higher than the national baseline. Among women 40-49 years of age, 55% had completed mammography (95% confidence interval [CI] = 52%, 57%). Among women 50 years of age or older, 64% had received a mammogram (95% CI = 62%, 66%). Older women (above age 50) were significantly more likely to have completed the test than younger women (younger than age 50), and mammography was obtained less often among women who were uninsured and those who had lower levels of acculturation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the rate of mammography use among Hispanic women has increased significantly over the last few years and that we are on track to reach the goal of 80% mammography compliance for Hispanic women 40 years and older by the year 2000.

Acculturation↗