Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Rubin

Publications and source records attributed to E Rubin.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Linear shadows in the air-contrast barium enema.

In 3 patients with carcinoma of the colon, lesions were seen as linear shadows on air-contrast barium enema studies. When the elevation of a lesion is slight or the tumor--mucosal interface is gently sloping, the tumor's proximal and distal edges may be ill-defined or disappear altogether. Thus only a linear shadow representing the interface between the tumor surface and air in the lumen appears. Other causes of these lines are also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding: an unusual complication of Crohn's disease.

Massive rectal bleeding may complicate Crohn's disease at any stage and tends to be persistent. Limited experience gained with this complication supports the use of selective agiography followed by conservative resection as the management of choice. Results of experimental studies suggest that selective infusion of vasopressors may be safely attempted when hemorrhage complicates Crohn's disease in its early stages but is probably too hazardous in cases in which the disease is more advanced.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Metoclopramide in gastrointestinal radiology.

Since the late 1960's, metoclopramide has been used in Europe for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders. It is less well known in North America and its application in diagnostic radiology is unfamiliar to most radiologists. By comparing a control group of 103 patients with a study group of 86 patients, we found that intramuscular injection of metoclopramide is effective in reducing both gastric emptying time and small bowel transit time. Side effects were negligible in 125 patients. We also found the drug useful in gastric stasis, to differentiate between mechanical obstruction and motility disorders, in fluoroscopy of the terminal ileum, and in duodenal intubation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Intralymphatic BCG in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies: a phase I study.

Thirteen patients with a variety of advanced gynecologic malignancies were administered BCG via the dorsal lymphatics of the lower extremity in addition to standard accepted forms of therapy. Prolonged febrile courses, lymphangitis and suppurative adenitis were observed along the lymphatic pathway of the injected lower limbs. There was no correlation between reaction to a standard anergy panel and survival. There was also no correlation between reaction to a standard anergy panel and the inflammatory response to intralymphatic BCG (ILP-BCG). There was, however, a positive correlation between the inflammatory response to ILP-BCG and survival. Intralymphatic administration of immunostimulants may conceivably be of value as ancillary therapy for use in gynecologic malignancy. However, complications of this approach to immunotherapy are significant and the method should not be used until complications are decreased.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of alcohol (ethanol) administration on sex-hormone metabolism in normal men.

To determine whether ethanol per se affects testosterone metabolism, alcohol was administered to normal male volunteers for periods up to four weeks, resulting in an initial dampening of the episodic bursts of testosterone secretion followed by decreases in both the mean plasma concentration and the production rate of testosterone. The volunteers received adequate nutrition and none lost weight during the study, which tended to exclude a nutritional disturbance as the cause of the decreased testosterone levels. The changes in plasma luteinizing hormone suggested both a central (hypothalamus-pituitary) and gonadal effect of alcohol. In addition, alcohol consumption increased the metabolic clearance rate of testosterone in most subjects studied, probably owing to the combined effects of a decreased plasma binding capacity for the androgen and increased hepatic testosterone A-ring reductase activity. These results indicate that alcohol markedly affects testosterone metabolism independently of cirrhosis or nutritional factors.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1976

Ethanol metabolism by a transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma. Role of microsomes and mitochondria.

1. Ethanol metabolism in slices or homogenates of transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma HC-252 (HC-252) was 50 to 60% of the rate found in host liver slices or homogenates when they were expressed per gram of tissue wet weight and 70 to 80% of the liver when the rates were expressed per milligram of tissue protein. At 10 mM ethanol, the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase in tumor and liver supernatants were comparable. 2. Tumor microsomes did not oxidize ethanol in the presence of a NADPH-generating system, indicating the absence of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system and catalase-mediated peroxidation of ethanol. The HC-252 microsomes were contaminated with catalase, and acetaldehyde production occurred in the presence of a H2O2-generating system (xanthine oxidase). The virtual absence of ethanol oxidation and drug metabolism (aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase) in HC-252 microsomes may be due to the low activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADPH oxidase, and NADPH-dependent oxygen uptake. 3. Microsomal oxidation of ethanol was present in Morris hepatoma 5123C, a well-differentiated tumor of intermediate growth rate, while activity was negligible in microsomes from Morris hepatoma 7288CTC, a less differentiated tumor. Microsomal NADPH oxidase was present in the well differentiated tumor 5123C but was lacking in the less differentiated tumor 7288CTC. Several microsomal, mitochondrial, and cytosolic properties of HC-252 are similar to those of Morris hepatoma 7288CTC but differ from those of the more differentiated 5123C tumor and normal liver. 4. The content of mitochondrial protein in HC-252 was only 25% that of liver, and oxygen consumption per gram of tumor was only 28% that of the liver. When corrected for the mitochondrial protein content, oxygen uptake in tumor HC-252 and liver homogenates was comparable. Isolated tumor and liver mitochondria displayed comparable State 4 and 3 rates of oxygen consumption with succinate and glutamate as substrates. The activities of the reconstituted malate-aspartate and alpha-glycerophosphate shuttles were only slightly lower in isolated HC-252 mitochondria compared to liver mitochondria, when shuttles were reconstituted with purified enzymes. 5. Antimycin inhibited alcohol metabolism,and pyruvate stimulated alcohol metabolism, much less in tumor slices than in liver slices, suggesting the presence of an augmented mitochondria-independent, cytosolic mechanism for oxidizing reducing equivalents in the tumor. These factors suggest that oxidation of NADH is the limiting factor in ethanol metabolism. Whereas, in the liver mitochondrial reoxidation is predominant, in HC-252, cytosolic reoxidation of NADH also plays a major role.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1976

Prolonged ethanol consumption increases testosterone metabolism in the liver.

Male alcoholics often suffer from features of hypogonadism related to abnormal metabolism of sex steroids. Since the activity of testosterone reductases is rate limiting for testosterone metabolism in the liver, the effect of prolonged ethanol consumption by rats and human volunteers on the activities of these microsomal and cytosolic enzymes was studied. In rats, long-term ethanol ingestion doubled microsomal 5alpha-testosterone reductase activity, a major pathway for testosterone metabolism, while in human volunteers the activity was increased two- to fivefold. These changes may play a role in the altered androgenic activity of the chronic alcoholic.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1976

Pulmonary function in survivors of Wilm's tumor. Patterns of impairment.

Whole-lung irradiation in Wilms' Tumor patients has been given prophylactically and for treatment of metastasis. Thirty-three children with Wilm's tumor who have survived for 4 to 20 years from the time of diagnosis were avaiable for study. Whole-lung irradiation was given in doses from 1163 to 1370 rads (orthovoltage). Eighteen patients (Group N) received no irradiation to the lungs. The remaining 15 patients were divided according to whether pulmonary irradiation was given for metastatic disease (Group M--10 patients) or for prophylactic treatment (Group P--five patients). All but five patients in Group N received at least one course of actinomycin D. A routine set of pulmonary function tests was done to assess possible abnormalities of lung volume and the mechanics of breathing. Group N was normal. The findings in Group M suggested moderately reduced lung volumes and may have also reflected obstruction of the large airways and/or a limited expiratory effort. Group P had essentially normal lung volumes but also appeared to have obstruction of the larger airways. Abnormalities were generally not severe; only two patients, in Group M, were symptomatic. Excess irradiation, presence of metastatsis, additional lung irradiation, and pneumonitis may have contributed to morbidity.

Child↗