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Biomedical subjects

E Roth

Publications and source records attributed to E Roth.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Evaluation of endocrine ophthalmopathy with saccadic eye movements.

Horizontal saccades were examined in 25 patients with hyperthyroidism and/or endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) using the infrared reflection method. With one exception none had restriction of horizontal eye movements. Conventional saccadic parameters were usually normal. A standardized test for muscle fatigue, however, gave pathological results in all but one of the patients with EOP, and also in three of seven patients with hyperthyroidism but no clinical EOP. In one of the latter the oculographic abnormality disappeared with treatment, while another developed clinical EOP. Performing a saccadic fatigue test seems to be useful for detecting early EOP and especially for monitoring its course.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The effect of p-bromophenacylbromide, a phospholipase A inhibitor, in experimental acute pancreatitis in rats].

In this study the effect of p-bromophenacylbromide (p-BPAB), an inhibitor of phospholipase A, was studied in acute pancreatitis in an experimental rat model. Acute pancreatitis was produced by instillation of 0.4 ml bile into the pancreatic duct. p-BPAB was injected i.p. in a dosage of 0.25 micrograms/g b.wt. 30 min before, 30 min after, or 4h after the onset of pancreatitis. Prophylactic and early administration of p-BPAB inhibited severe morphological changes, such as necrosis and hemorrhages. Moreover, during administration of the inhibitor, decreased plasma concentrations of serum lipase and amylase (P less than 0.001) were monitored and compared with untreated animals. These therapeutic effects of p-BPAB were not seen in rats in which the inhibitor was injected 4 h after the onset of pancreatitis. As a result the phospholipase inhibitor, p-BPAB, reduces the clinical and morphological manifestations of acute pancreatitis. The effect of p-BPAB is dependent on the time of administration.

Acetophenones↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of activities and forms of cholinesterases in human primary brain tumors.

The activities and molecular forms of cholinesterases were studied in a collection of primary brain tumors consisting of primarily gliomas and meningiomas, together with samples of forebrain taken postmortem from patients suffering from diseases unrelated to the nervous system. Both types of tumors, as well as normal forebrain, contained substantial amounts of cholinesterase activity and some gliomas contained exceptionally high levels. In both normal forebrain and meningiomas, acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase; EC 3.1.1.7) accounted for almost all the cholinesterase activity, but in almost all gliomas elevated pseudocholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase; EC 3.1.1.8) could be detected. The cholinesterase activity of both normal forebrain and gliomas migrated on sucrose gradients as a major component of 10-11 S together with a minor component of 4-5 S. In meningiomas a light (4.5 S) form was the principal component.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1984

Effects of burns on amino acid levels in rat plasma, liver and muscle.

In this study the influence of a severe catabolic situation (scalding and nitrogen deprivation) on amino acid (AA) metabolism was investigated in an experimental rat model. Scalding of 25 per cent of the total body surface area (TBSA) and hypocaloric alimentation (5.6 kcal per 100 g rat per day, no nitrogen) resulted in mean daily nitrogen losses of -0.27 +/- 0.3 g. Compared to anabolic growing rats this nitrogen catabolism significantly reduced the total free AA content of muscle (-47 per cent, P less than 0.001) and liver (-39 per cent, P less than 0.001). The total plasma AA concentrations were slightly increased in catabolic rats (+10 per cent). In catabolic rats muscle glycine concentrations dropped significantly (-79 per cent, P less than 0.001), while glutamine concentrations decreased by 22 per cent, which was not significant. Branched chain AA and phenylalanine were significantly elevated both in muscle and in plasma. Scalding and nitrogen depletion in rats leads to characteristic changes in plasma, muscle and liver AA concentrations, which are comparable to the results obtained in catabolic patients. However, the low muscle glycine concentrations in burned rats differ from the clinical observations where glutamine rather than glycine concentrations in muscle tissue are reduced. The rat model seems to be well suited for studying the influence of various therapeutic approaches such as different forms of parenteral nutrition or hormonal substitution on nitrogen catabolism.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

[The pharmacology of a new cardiosteroid, a partially synthetic derivative of the aglycone hellebrigenin (acrihellin)].

3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide 3-(3-methylcrotonate) (acrihellin, D 12 316) is according to chemical structure and pharmacological effects a semisynthetic compound of the aglycon hellebrigenin. It is characterized as a cardiosteroid. In isolated organ (Langendorff heart) the positive inotropic effect proved to be stronger in comparison to digoxin. Also in dogs and cats acrihellin increases the contractile force of the myocardium; especially in failing canine heart, it increases the force of contraction (strain-gauge) and velocity of pressure rise (dp/dt max). In classical glycoside test on cat (Hatcher's dose) acrihellin is more effective than digoxin and methyldigoxin on weight basis, equivalent on a molar basis. The therapeutical index of acrihellin is like that of methyldigoxin. In cats and dogs, the compound is absorbed rapidly and almost completely, especially when administered intraduodenally. Herein it is comparable to methyldigoxin, better than digoxin. In cats acrihellin shows a decay rate of 26%. In all investigations performed in order to study central nervous effects after single administration of therapeutical doses no central side-effects could be detected in contrast to methyldigoxin.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of automated data collection and manual data collection for toxicology studies.

Automated data collection was compared with manual data collection in terms of accuracy and man-hours devoted to data manipulation and checking. The comparison was based on experience with an automated data collection system (DOLPHIN)TM1 developed at Toxigenics for use in conducting toxicological studies. It was found that on-line data collection increases the quality of the data gathered because: 1) it facilitates scientific observation by displaying historical data and statistics on changes since the last observation period; 2) it virtually eliminates errors due to oversight and transcription; 3) it allows more careful monitoring of the course of the study by providing immediate access to interim summary statistics; 4) it provides complete documentation of all changes made to the data after initial collection. In addition, automated data collection enables more rapid completion of the final report of results because: 1) fewer departmental transfers are required; 2) auditing by Quality Assurance (Q.A.) personnel is facilitated.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1983

[Lack of stimulation of nitrogen retention and plasma protein synthesis due to increased intake of branched-chain amino acids].

In a randomised study the influence of 3 different amino acids (AA) solutions on nitrogen balance, plasma protein synthesis, and plasma and urine AA pattern was investigated in postoperative (p.o.) cancer patients. The patients in group I received a balanced AA solution designed especially for p.o. patients with 10 percent branched chain amino acids (BCAA), those in group II a solution with 60 percent BCAA and those in group III a solution with 67 percent alanine. All patients received the same amount of nitrogen (0.16 g/kg BW/day) and energy (2.p.o. day: 80 kJ/kg BW/day; 3.-5. p.o. day: 160 kJ/kg BW/day) with a 3:1 ratio of carbohydrate to fat calories. No difference was observed between the three groups for mean daily nitrogen balances, however, the cumulative nitrogen balance of group I (-4.5 +/- 3.6 g) was significantly (p less than 0.05) improved compared to group II (-12.2 +/- 4.2 g). The p.o. decreased concentrations of short-life plasma proteins (prealbumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein) increased until the end of the study period without any statistic differences between the three groups. On the 2nd p.o. day especially the gluconeogenetic AA were decreased in all patients, but were nearly normal in all patients on the 5th p.o. day. In conclusion the increased administration of BCAA neither improved nitrogen retention nor plasma protein synthesis and does not seem advantageous in the postoperative total parenteral nutrition.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Malnutrition and postoperative complication rate in cancer patients (author's transl)].

The nutritional status and skin reactivity of 82 cancer patients were determined before surgery and compared with the postoperative complication rate. The nutritional status of 47 patients was evaluated by weight, height, weight-loss, arm muscle circumference, triceps skin-fold measurements, serum albumin, pre-albumin, retinolbinding protein, tranferrin, and cholinesterase. In 35 patients protein catabolism was assessed by the urea production rate (catabolism greater than 15 g/d). Immunity was assessed by the total lymphocyte count and a skin reactivity test. Using these criteria, 55% of the patients were malnourished. Curative operations could only be carried out in 17.4% of the malnourished, but in 50% of the normally nourished patients (P less than 0.0001). Postoperative complications were increased in malnourished patients (47%) when compared with normally nourished patients (20%, P less than 0.05). In anergic and malnourished cancer patients no curative surgical treatment was possible. Due to the increased postoperative complication rate in malnourished cancer patients, nutritional assessment, including the determination of cellular immunity should be performed after admission.

Body Height↗
PubMed1982

[Extracorporeal liver perfusion in the treatment of hepatic coma].

Four patients with fulminant hepatic failure had extracorporal hemoperfusion. In selecting the patients, the following criteria were applied: Potential reversibility of the liver disease, prothrombin time under 10%, neurological coma stage III-IV. In total 11 treatments (9 treatments using baboon and 2 treatments using human livers) were performed lasting from 3 to 60 hours. One patient improved immediately after perfusion. 3 patients died; at post mortem severe oedema of the brain and acute yellow atrophy of the liver without tendency to regeneration was observed in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Alanine as a nitrogen sparing and gluconeogenetic substrate in the postoperative state (author's transl)].

UNLABELLED: An alanine infusion (90 mg/kg/h) for eight hours was administered to seven patients after cholecystectomy in order to investigate the influence of elevated plasma alanine levels on the postoperative metabolism. The following metabolites and hormone concentrations were analysed in plasma: glucose, urea, free fatty acids, ketone bodies, amino acids, insulin and glucagon. Compared to the pre-infusion values on the 1. postoperative day after an overnight fasting, the following changes were monitored. The plasma glucose concentrations reached a maximum after four hours of infusion (p less than 0.05). Of the amino acids, significant elevated levels were found for alanine (300%, p less than 0.001), glutamine (36%, p less than 0.05), and alpha-aminobutyrate (61%, p less than 0.01). The free fatty acids and ketone bodies concentrations decreased immediately after the onset of the infusion of alanine (p less than 0.05), the increased again during the last four hours of infusion. The secretion of insulin and also the secretion of glucagon were stimulated by the increased alanine levels. The stimulation of insulin reached a maximum after only five minutes, but the glucagon levels increased continuously until the end of the infusion. During the administration of alanine a nitrogen homeostasis was achieved, which was a significant improvement (p less than 0.001) when compared to saline infusions before and after the alanine infusion. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Postoperative increased plasma levels of alanine stimulate gluconeogenesis and reduce the plasma levels of lipolytic metabolites. The induced stimulation of insulin and glucagon is dependent on the duration of the alanine infusion for during extended infusion of alanine the insulin stimulation diminishes while the glucagon secretion continuously increases. (2) Alanine is a potent anabolic substrate in the immediate postoperative situation.

Alanine↗
PubMed1981

[Reduced levels of free amino acids in plasma and muscle tissue of patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis (author's transl)].

Levels of free amino acids were analysed in plasma and muscle tissue of nine patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis and compared with date from healthy volunteers. In the patient group the concentrations of threonine, serine, glutamine (p less than 0.001) and tyrosine (p less than 0.01) in plasma were found to be significantly lower than in the volunteers group, while increased plasma levels were found for 3-met-histidine (p less than 0.05). In muscle tissue the cytoplasmatic levels of glutamate, glutamine and histidine (p less than 0.001) and also of lysine, ornithine and arginine (p less than 0.,01) showed decreased concentrations. However tyrosine and phenylalanine had increased intracellular concentrations (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that (1) the patients in this study had a severely disturbed amino acid metabolism with extremely reduced levels of free glutamine in muscle tissue and (2) that the disturbed amino acid metabolism results from an acute catabolic situation of the patients, in which the reduced levels of free amino acids may indicate an impaired nutritional state.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

[Comparative follow-up survey of psychiatric invalids].

Within a five-years-period data about 200 psychic disabled patients (100 from the canton of Basel-country, and 100 from the canton of Basel-town) were collected in respect to their person as well as to the progress of their illness. These patients differed from the general population in the following important points: More single people (unmarried and divorced persons) are found that in the general population of the same age (p less than 0.01). Foreigners are underrepresented (p less than 0.01). Subdivided into social classes (Bolte) it was striking that 71% of the patients belong to the lower class, whereas the upper class is not represented. 10.5% of all patients were not able to finish their professional education because of their illness. Schizophrenia was the most mentioned diagnosis (46.5%), followed by the diagnosis "abnormal psychic development" (inclusively neuroses: 34.5%). The progress of illness shows that 7% of all patients did not need the invalidity-pension any more after five years. Half of them are patients who fell ill already in the late puberty. Patients who were taken ill on abnormal psychic development after their 40th year show unfavourable progress of illness: Except for one foreign patient and two of nine patients who returned to their home-country and who were not included in this study, no tendency of recovery has been noticed. The number of patients who died during the five years of observation (21 deceased on 200 living) is very high. This figure of mortality is 7.4 times (canton of Basel-country) and 8.1 times (canton of Basel-town) higher than the mortality of the same age group of the general population. It is also higher in comparison with the average of the respective illness groups as stated by Ciompi and Müller. The cause of death is suicide in 48%. In another 24%, suicidal impulses could have been inherent. Also the number of hospitalisations is very high: Only 22% of the patients were never in a hospital. In comparison 12% were once and 66% more than once or longer than one year in a hospital.

Adolescent↗