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Biomedical subjects

E Rosselot

Publications and source records attributed to E Rosselot.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Clinical research in Chile: How to improve its worrying evolution?].

There is still great collective paucity in our society in appreciating the importance of scientific work for the development of the nation. In this context, relevant clinical research has ben greatly discouraged. The Ministry of Education and the National Commission for Technical and Scientific research (CONICYT) have been committed, with no outstanding results however, to encourage these activities, specially sustaining individual projects originated in the traditional universities. Precarious conditions persist as manifested by meager budgets for investigation. Public health policies and organization are scarcely endorsed in locally generated clinical or public health knowledge. Postgraduate training programs, specially doctorates, needed to increase the academic human resources with a consistent scientific potential, are very limited. Recent governmental initiatives, altogether with specific proposals waiting for implementation, would certainly contribute to optimize and promote the revival of our impoverished scenarios in clinical research.

Chile↗
PubMed2001

[Accreditation of medical schools. Purpose, development and projections of a process (corrected)].

Important advances in the accreditation of higher education institutions and programs have occurred in Chile. A definite step forward had been the accreditation of three of the six Medical Schools, considered in the agreement subscribed between the Chilean Medical Faculties Association and the National Committee for Undergraduate Program Accreditation (CNAP). According to this understanding, educational quality was evaluated using international standards and its improvement was encouraged. The accreditation procedure carried out at the University of Chile Medical School is described. Its observation has revealed the difficulties of accreditation procedures and the early benefits obtained after they have been completed. The careful observation of the evaluation procedure will help to improve the used model and to design an effective accreditation instrument that will ultimately improve undergraduate teaching programs.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2001

[Medical errors].

Untoward effects can result from the various procedures involved in patients care. Because of its risks and consequences it is very important to determine the causal factors of these events to improve the procedures at stake and be sure to obtain from them the results to be expected. Several recent and somehow disturbing reports about the magnitude and type of these said medical errors, have raised interest to review the subject and phase this problem under the scope of a quality control system, as to prevent its occurrence or mitigate its effects when there is no chance to avoid them properly.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2001

[Planning medical education for the next decades].

Accelerated changes in source and contents of knowledge, methodologies and scenarios used in learning, and in the meaning and goals of the educational process, are typical of these times. To characterize future needs, roles and expectations of the various actors involved, is also very unreliable and unpredictable. Performing reiterative strategic analysis, monitoring procedures, doing continuous assessment of results and making permanent adaptations in the educational process to the environmental conditions, are unavoidable means to get secure and pertinent effects from the implemented actions. From this perspective, the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine is formulating its proposals to innovate in curriculum, and strengthen its academic resources and students development.

Chile↗
PubMed2000

[Patient's rights, in the setting of medical care quality].

Quality in health care is a patient's right. This concept has become progressively acknowledged and demanding since it gains relevancy in planning and delivery of medical care. Defining quality--and other factors that condition and modify it--as a value in medical practice, allows the recognition of the important role that this characteristic has in that setting and how significant it is for clinical decision making. Any reduction in the quality of medicine, by distorting bioethical principles, changes it from a desirable good into a fallacy.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2000

[The right to a good quality of health care].

Quality has a central role in medical care. The satisfaction of the rights of people to medical care, presupposes good quality medical acts. The meaning of quality goes further than a good attention based on scientific evidence and with competent skills. It comprises patient-physician relationship where professional behavior is evaluated, based on the fundamental principles of bioethics. These principles sustain the measures to control quality of medical actions, to comply with the rights of patients to have access to a good professional care.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

[Licensure in the practice of the medical profession in Chile: experience of the Re-valuation Committee of the Medical School of the University of Chile period 1984-1999].

We report the experience of the re-valuation committee of the University of Chile Medical School, in the period 1984-1999. This experience is relevant to the licensing processes in Latin America. We report the political, legal and regulatory backup and the academic criteria used to establish different evaluation methodologies. We also communicate the main results obtained. Factors such as the country and University conferring a title, nationality and length of service of the applicant, influence in the percentage of licensure examination approval. Some modifications to the licensure process should be incorporated but, the overall results obtained, fully justify the existence of this licensure committee.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1999

[Professional quality assurance. A new ethic frame for the practice of medicine].

Accreditation of physicians and medical education programs are progressively standing as well established procedures in most related institutions and countries, worldwide. Yet, an ample and consistent review of this issue is still required for a more complete knowledge and universal acceptance. Quality health care is a goal of the profession and a demanding requirement of society. Reaching high standards in medicine is a major responsibility of the medical schools and of the pertinence and appropriateness of the programs. This is a useful and sound frame for the model that is being developed in Chile, to better regulate and improve both medical education and practice. The bioethics implications that merge from this perspective are underlined to give the accreditation system a deep moral relevance as are expression of people's wills and expectations on medical professional services.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1998

In memoriam Professor Enrique Egaña, MD (1912-1997).

Enrique Egaña-Barahona. Born Santiago, Chile, 10 March 1912. Deceased Santiago, Chile, 23 November 1997. MD, University of Chile, 1936. Rockefeller Foundation Fellow at Harvard University Medical School, 1940-1944. Professor of Pathophysiology, 1963; Director, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of medicine, University of Chile. Author of a Textbook on General Pathophysiology (1963) and of many scientific articles in Chilean and American medical journals. Strong supporter of evidence-based medicine as well as of medical education by involving students in short research projects.

Chile↗
PubMed1998

[Institutional reorganization associated to curricular changes in the School of Medicine of the University of Chile].

The model of medical education of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile is being subjected to important changes. These changes are required to introduce new teaching methodologies and new curricular contents to prepare professionals suited to the needs of the XXI Century. Complex universities need to modify their academic behavior and administrative management, to become competitive with the new universities that proliferate, with drastic changes in play rules and expectancies to accomplish their aims. Universities must reorganize and modify their structures to avoid becoming obsolete in the exercise of teaching and other academic options. The transformations of the Faculty of Medicine are good examples of the resources that have to be mobilized and the organisms that must be adapted to obtain changes that will improve academic efficiency. The continuous assessment of its functioning will establish the usefulness of adopted changes and the need for rectification.

Chile↗
PubMed1998

[Accreditation professional degrees and teaching institutions: the case of Chile].

Accreditation has acquired special relevance for the habilitation of professional practice, considering the proliferation of teaching institutions, the variety of training programs and the increasing amount of professionals requiring accreditation or revalidation of their titles. The internationalization of professional activities requires global and uniform accreditation procedures to avoid inequalities in evaluation of different professionals coming from abroad or from Chile. In the scope of medical practice, these concepts acquire special relevance, considering the appearance of new medical schools in the last decade and the increasing number of foreign physicians that need to revalidate their titles. In the period between January 1996 and September 1997, 192 foreign physicians applied to revalidate their titles and only 55 were approved. Therefore, the establishment of and effective evaluation system will correct deficiencies in the accreditation process and will promote the revision of training programs and the progress of teaching institutions. The organisms that will require to be accredited must be confident that this action will improve the quality of Chilean professional training.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1996

[Ethical substrates behind social perception of medical performance].

Social perception of medical performance, although biased by emotional factors, prejudices of false interpretations, reflects people's expectations and satisfaction with medical acts. The violation of essential values by physicians, underlies the frequent disrepute of their professional behavior. Physicians are judged by their human behavior and relationships with patients rather than by their technical efficiency. The progressive medicalization of environment, the medical acts subjected to market laws, the conflicts of interest, the needs for accomplishment against diseases and the contradictory disarrangement of physicians behind health providing services, contribute to discredit and lack of confidence towards medical profession. To protect it against these risks, a profound revision of ethical principles is imperative.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1996

[Evolution of internal medicine and its specialties in the last decades: an outward view].

The development of the subspecialties of internal medicine in the western world is reviewed from a historical perspective, focusing on the case of the United States of America. During the last decades, changes both in society and in medicine as a whole have prompted a great dispersion of medical practice styles, not always well-defined in their contents and goals, and ranging from primary care to ultra specialization. The definition of the general internist and of the subspecialist together with the attributes of each category according to an American College of Physicians task force group are commented upon. Some of the possible reasons accounting for a decreased interest in general internal medicine during the eighties together with figures supporting a recent reversal of this trend are given. New proposals have originated in government as well as in medical circles to promote the development of general internists, conceived as physicians knowledgeable in the classic subspecialties but also skilled in clinical epidemiology, informatics, behavior medicine, decision-making, clinical economics, ethics, and problem solving. The American College of Physicians, on the other hand, considers that allowing the community-based general internists to disappear, strengthening the generalist's identity as a primary care-oriented physician who provides no subspecially care, becoming hospital-based generalists who act mainly as consultants, or becoming fully trained subspecialists who also provide primary care, are all rejectable options. These arguments illustrate the fact that even in highly developed societies a degree of indefinition remains as to the best balance between general internal medicine and its subspecialties.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1995

[Presumptive organ donations for transplants agreement of the Ethics Committee of the University of Chile Medical School].

The ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile was consulted about the ethical aspects of presumptive organ donation for transplantation. After analyzing the problem, the committee concluded that every human being has the right to make use of his organs freely, voluntarily and according to his own discernment. The society has no right to make obligatory this donation, even after death. The foundations of this agreement were laid in a series of reasons. In fact, the corpse is not a juridical but a ethical asset and deserves respect for whom it was. It cannot be commercialized and is the only non-religious object susceptible of profanation. It is also object of popular affective and religious manifestations. Beliefs and affects must be respected. Organ donation is an act of charity and cannot be compulsory. The organ donation consent must be explicit, voluntary and solemn.

Chile↗
PubMed1995

[Non-university programs for specialist training: an experiment at the National Autonomous Corporation for Certification of Medical Specialties (CONACEM)].

After 10 years certifying medical specialists Conacem is committed to evaluate the process focusing, among other aspects, on critical issues of postgraduate training programs. In this prospect, it has been important to look at the fact that there are several non university programs with a variety of contents, institutional sponsorship, curricula and faculty support. This constitutes a very inhomogenous source of knowledge and skills, even though many arise in the same area of academic influence of the most traditional Medical Schools. Available data disclose 316 specialty programs, alluded by 398 physicians, that were offered in about 40 institutions, referring to 28 different disciplines. This represents the 20.7% of all the specialists certified in this period with accomplished formal academic programs. At least 92.7% pertain to institutions academically related to the Medical Faculties and, among them, a 77% to the University of Chile. This information allows a critical review of proposals and to raise initiatives to put in order some scenarios of postgraduate education, that urgently need to be better managed from the standpoint of both the universities and the accreditation system.

Certification↗
PubMed1994

[Ethical problems in daily medical practice].

The practice of Medicine is exposed to everyday's ethical ventures that, even though not fundamental in a philosophical scope, are most crucial given its incidence and consequences to accessibility and equity in health care. A very special perception must emerge to allow us looking for those situations where moral conflicts are prone to raise, since they are usually involved in the gleam of modern medicine with all its scientific and technological cohort. Medicine is a social right; however is far from standing equally accessible to every one and a number of privileges are seen in its delivery. Being a person-to-person commitment it is usually dephased out of its objective and retained as a disease centered endeavour. Instrumentalization, superspecialization, inappropriate management of patients and problems, and overuse of technology, are some of the characteristic ethical transgressions addressed because of its overwhelming impact on health care costs and abusive patient-doctor relationship. A sound rectification of these aberrant conducts is mandatory to get a dignified renewal of medicine.

Chile↗