Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Rosin.
Bilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralization was used successfully to treat 3 dogs with bilateral laryngeal paralysis. In our hands, this techniques was more effective than unilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralization in resolving the signs of laryngeal paralysis and in avoiding the complications that may follow partial laryngectomy.
Urethral pressure profiles were recorded in seven normal female and six normal male dogs. Each dog was immobilized with xylazine, and a catheter (continuously infused with saline solution) was placed into the bladder through the urethra and withdrawn at a fixed rate. Pressure changes were recorded, and the resulting graphs provided values for pressures within the urethra. Nomenclature used to describe the urethral pressure profile was standardized according to the International Continence Society's recommenations. The maximum urethral closure pressures in the female dogs were between 13.0 and 46.0 mm of Hg (mean of 23.9 +/- SD 11.8 mm of Hg). There was a significant difference (P < 0.025) in the maximum urethral pressures of nulliparous female dogs less than 2 years of age when compared with those of older female dogs. The maximum urethral closure pressures in the male dogs were between 25.0 and 36.0 mm of Hg (mean of 28.3 +/- SD 4.0 mm of Hg).
The pressure in the pharyngoesophageal and the gastroesophageal sphincters in six normal dogs immobilized with xylazine was studied, using a single side hole catheter continuously perfused with distilled water by a compressed air pressure pump. Mean maximal resting pressures of the pharyngoesophageal and the gastroesophageal sphincters were 6 +/- 1.2 mm of Hg and 11 +/- 2.9 mm of Hg, respectively. The technique and results will enable better definition of esophageal sphincter abnormalities.
Percutaneous drill pulmonary biopsy was performed 41 times in 5 dogs with a 51% rate in obtaining gross pulmonary tissue and 4% mortality from endobronchial hemorrhage. This pulmonary biopsy technique was not recommended for use in the dog.
There are many anastomotic techniques available that have been used successfully but no one technique guarantees 100 per cent success. Therefore the surgeon should be capable of altering his planned approach according to the circumstances. No matter what anastomotic technique is selected, for a consistently successful outcome it is imperative that the whole animal be considered in all aspects of care and rude handling of tissues be avoided during the surgical procedure. The simple interrupted approximating suture technique is recommend as one which meets the general goals of intestinal anastomosis in dogs and cats.
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Load-deformation data were used to determine the strength of healing abdominal incisions in dogs at 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding. The breaking energy of paramedian incisions closed by suturing the internal and external leaves of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle vs. incisions closed by suturing the external leaf only was similar in the 12 dogs studied. Closure of abdominal incisions by suturing only the external leaf of the rectus sheath provided wound strength comparable to the traditional method.
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The knot security of chromic gut, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, polydioxanone, polypropylene, and monofilament nylon size 2-0 suture materials were tested biomechanically in vitro. Twenty reproducible knots were tied and incubated in canine serum at 37 degrees for 24 hours before testing. A "secure knot" was defined as a knot that, when tested to failure, broke rather than untied by slippage. The minimum number of throws necessary to make a secure, snug (1500 g tension) square knot was three for gut, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, and polypropylene and four for polydioxanone and nylon. All throws including the first were counted. With all suture materials tested, surgeon's knots were as secure as square knots. Only gut, polyglycolic acid, and polydioxanone granny knots were as secure as square knots; no loosely tied (500 g tension) asymmetric square knots were as secure as snug square knots, and only polydioxanone and polypropylene loose square knots were as secure as snug square knots. Square knots used to start a continuous pattern required one additional throw with gut, polydioxanone, and nylon. Square knots used to end a continuous pattern required two to three additional throws with all materials tested.
The periods of time that cephalothin and cefazolin serum concentration remained above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for beta hemolytic, coagulase positive staphylococcal, and Escherichia coli clinical isolates were compared. Cephalothin and cefazolin were similarly very effective in vitro against staphylococcal isolates, with an MIC90 of 0.12 microgram/mL and 0.25 microgram/mL, respectively. In contrast, cefazolin was more effective than cephalothin against E coli isolates; the cefazolin MIC90 for E coli was 16 micrograms/mL and for cephalothin 64 micrograms/mL. Cefazolin (20 mg/kg intravenously [i.v.]) serum concentration remained more than MIC90 for E coli isolates significantly longer than serum concentration of cephalothin (40 mg/kg i.v.) (P < .001).
Fibrin sealant (human fibrinogen-bovine thrombin) is an effective biodegradable hemostatic agent. However, there is a risk of transmission of infectious viral disease. A new bovine fibrinogen-thrombin sealant (BFTS) was tested for tissue and immune responses in intrathoracic aorta graft in dogs. Intrathoracic aorta replacement was performed in three dogs with a porous Dacron graft presealed with BFTS. Dogs were immunized preoperatively with four dermal applications of BFTS at 9-day intervals. Cellular and humoral immunity to BFTS were determined with lymphocyte blastogenesis test and enzyme-lined immunosorbent assay, respectively. Dogs were necropsied 3 weeks after aortic replacement. Histopathological examination showed that all dogs had a mild inflammatory reaction to the BFTS sealed graft, as expected in response to an inert foreign body. Assay of cellular and humoral immunity to BFTS revealed a low lymphocyte response and a moderate immunoglobulin G (Ig G) response, with no evidence of immediate Ig E (type I) or delayed (type IV) hypersensitivity reaction. We conclude that BFTS causes no adverse tissue response or immunologic reaction when used as a hemostatic agent in the dog even after multiple applications of the material.