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Biomedical subjects

E Romberg

Publications and source records attributed to E Romberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Histologic evaluation of new attachment apparatus formation in humans. Part I.

Part I of this three-part human study evaluated the formation of a new attachment apparatus (bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament) on pathologically exposed root surfaces in an open and closed environment. The most apical level of calculus on the root served as a histologic reference point to measure regeneration on root surfaces exposed to the oral environment. Attempts were made to initiate the formation of a new attachment apparatus by flap curettage, root planing, coronectomy, and submersion of vital roots beneath the mucosa. Nonsubmerged defects were treated by the same surgical technique and served as controls. Biopsies were obtained at 6 months and regeneration was evaluated histometrically by two investigators who were unaware of the treatment performed. Data from 9 patients with 25 submerged and 22 nonsubmerged defects were submitted for statistical analysis. Results indicate that a new attachment apparatus did not form in any of the 22 nonsubmerged teeth; a new attachment apparatus did form in a submerged environment (0.75 mm); significantly more new attachment apparatus (P less than 0.05), new cementum (P less than 0.01), new connective tissue (P less than 0.05), and new bone (P less than 0.02) formed in submerged defects; new cementum was cellular in nature and formed equally well on old cementum and dentin. Greater percent positive regeneration of the attachment apparatus and all component tissues occurred in submerged defects and no extensive root resorption, ankylosis, or pulp death was observed on submerged or nonsubmerged roots.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Histologic evaluation of new attachment apparatus formation in humans. Part II.

There is conflicting evidence regarding the value of graft materials in enhancing the formation of new bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (new attachment apparatus). Part II of this study compared the healing of intrabony defects with and without the placement of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in a submerged environment. The most apical level of calculus on the root served as a histologic reference point to measure regeneration on root surfaces exposed to the oral environment. Biopsies were obtained at 6-months and evaluated histometrically by two investigators unaware of the treatment performed. Data from 9 patients with 30 grafted defects and 13 nongrafted defects were submitted for statistical analysis. Results indicate that in a submerged environment significantly more new attachment apparatus (P less than .05) and new bone (P less than .05) formed in grafted than nongrafted sites. Significantly greater loss of alveolar crest height occurred in nongrafted than grafted defects (P less than .05); regeneration of new attachment apparatus, new bone, and new cementum occurred more frequently in grafted than nongrafted defects. There was a greater chance for the regeneration of a connective tissue attachment in nongrafted intrabony defects than in grafted defects; new cellular cementum formed equally well on old cementum, dentin, or both old cementum and dentin in the same defect. The periodontal ligament was oriented parallel, perpendicular, or both parallel and perpendicular in the same defect; and, no extensive root resorption, ankylosis, or pulp death was observed in grafted or nongrafted defects.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1989

Histologic evaluation of new attachment apparatus formation in humans. Part III.

There is still controversy as to the role of bone grafting materials in the formation of a new attachment apparatus and component tissues (bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament). The purpose of this study was to compare the healing of intrabony defects with and without the placement of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in a nonsubmerged environment in humans. The most apical level of calculus on the root served as a histologic reference point to delineate root surfaces exposed to the oral environment and to measure new attachment apparatus and new component tissue formation. Free gingival grafts were placed over grafted and nongrafted defects to retard epithelial migration. Biopsies were obtained at 6 months and regeneration was evaluated histometrically. Data from 12 patients with 32 grafted and 25 nongrafted defects were submitted for statistical analysis. Results indicate that in nongrafted defects, a long junctional epithelium formed along the entire length of exposed root surfaces and often extended apical to the calculus reference notch. Free gingival grafts did not enhance regeneration of a new attachment apparatus, new cementum, new connective tissue, or new bone in nongrafted defects. The formation of a new attachment apparatus was observed when intrabony defects were grafted with DFDBA (x1.21 mm); significantly more new attachment apparatus (P less than .005), new cementum (P less than .005), new connective tissue (P less than .05), and new bone (P less than .0001) formed in intrabony defects grafted with DFDBA than in nongrafted defects. There was a greater chance for regeneration of a new attachment apparatus and component tissues in grafted defects than in nongrafted defects. New cellular cementum formed on old cementum and dentin but more often formed over both in the same defect). The periodontal ligament was more frequently oriented perpendicular to the root; there was greater loss in alveolar crest height in nongrafted than grafted defects (P less than .05); and extensive root resorption, ankylosis, and pulp death were not observed in grafted or nongrafted defects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1988

The use of pit and fissure sealants in private practice: a national survey.

The slowness in the adoption of sealant use has been caused by many interrelated professional, scientific, social, and economic factors. To study these factors, data were collected by the use of mail questionnaires sent to a representative sample of 3,504 private practice general dentists. The average percent of patients 18 years of age and younger receiving sealants was 18.7. Nearly one-third of the respondents indicated that none of their patients received sealants. Data describing the following factors were obtained: demographic background, sealant awareness, attitudes and knowledge about sealants, and decision-making factors. We concluded that professional organizations should take a more active role in promoting sealants to dentists, professional organizations and governmental agencies should increase efforts to inform patients/consumers of the benefits of sealants, guidelines for sealant use should be developed, state boards should permit the delegation of sealants to trained auxiliaries, and sealant manufacturers should make more effort to advertise and promote sealants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Importance of variables associated with practitioners' estimates of pit and fissure sealant use.

Practitioner acceptance of pit and fissure sealants has been slow. To assess the factors that relate to the dentist's decision to use or not to use sealants, a comprehensive survey of 3,504 general dentists and 591 pediatric dentists was undertaken. Response rate to the mailed questionnaire was 37.6 percent (n = 1,193) for general dentists and 61.2 percent (n = 329) for pediatric dentists. Items were grouped into ten scales believed to portray major variables associated with level of sealant use. Level of use, measured as an estimated percent of child patients receiving sealants, served as the dependent variable. A stepwise multiple regression was used to study the relationship between the scales and estimated level of use. Overall, the preventive orientation, opinion, and patient influence scales contributed the most to the explanation of the estimated level of use. These scales, for both general dentists and pediatric dentists, had the strongest simple correlations with sealant use and they also were the three scales that showed up most consistently as the prime scales in the multiple regression analyses. These results suggested that efforts aimed at encouraging a preventive philosophy and improving patient and practitioner opinion and knowledge about sealants should be undertaken.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Pit and fissure sealant use in private practice: influence of state practice acts.

To study the influence of the delegation of sealant procedures to auxiliaries on sealant use, we queried a national sample of general dentists and pedodontists. A large percentage (34-58 per cent) of both groups were unaware or mistaken in their perception of the legality of delegating sealants. Although perception of legality to delegate was associated with increased sealant use, a large percentage (33-59 per cent) of both groups did not delegate even when it was perceived legal to do so.

Dental Auxiliaries↗
PubMed1985

Histologic evaluation of new attachment in humans. A preliminary report.

This study was designed to evaluate the potential for regeneration of a new attachment (alveolar bone, cementum and a functional periodontal ligament) in patients whose attachment apparatus had been destroyed by periodontal disease. In each of the three parts of the investigation, the most apical level of calculus on the root served as a histologic reference point to measure regeneration. In Part I, attempts were made to initiate the formation of a new attachment by surgical debridement, crown removal (coronectomy) and submersion of the vital root below the mucosa. Nonsubmerged, surgically debrided defects served as controls. In Part II, debrided intrabony defects were treated with and without demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and the associated vital roots were submerged. Part III evaluated potential for regeneration of a new attachment in nonsubmerged roots with and without the use of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Gingival grafts were placed over the experimental and control sites in an attempt to retard epithelial migration. Biopsies were obtained in 6 months and regeneration was evaluated histometrically. Preliminary results in 7 patients and 24 intrabony defects indicate that new attachment is possible on pathologically exposed root surfaces in a submerged environment with and without the incorporation of demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts. New attachment was observed on pathologically exposed root surfaces in a nonsubmerged environment when intrabony defects were grafted with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. New attachment was not observed on nongrafted, nonsubmerged, defects with and without the placement of gingival grafts over the defects.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1985

Dimensions of faculty evaluation of chair behaviors.

Because effective mid-level management is becoming increasingly important in dental education, this study attempted to determine the primary attributes of a chair's role. Using the results from one school's faculty evaluation of its department chairs, a factor analysis was conducted to uncover the underlying dimensions of chair behavior. Four factors emerged: "Departmental Management," "Extradepartmental Relations," "Interpersonal Relations," and "Planning Skills." Chairs rated each of the four factors to be of more importance to faculty job satisfaction than did the faculty themselves. Top-level administrators can use knowledge of these basic factors to aid chairs in improving their administrative skills. In addition, to examine the validity of the logically derived scales initially identified during survey development, the scales were compared to the factors surfacing in this study and to the results of two previous factor analyses.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Adolescent dentistry programs: a survey of United States dental schools.

The dental care needs of the adolescent have not been recognized as a distinct area of education and treatment. A survey was sent to United States dental schools to determine the number of schools with adolescent dentistry programs and how these programs are organized. The results suggest that dental schools are beginning to incorporate adolescent dentistry as a separate entity. Greater attention is required for teaching of this topic in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A factor analysis of students' ratings of clinical teaching.

Factor analytic methods were used to uncover what students perceive to be the underlying dimensions of clinical teaching. Results of this study were based on 1,796 ratings of clinical instruction completed by 226 students on 104 faculty members. The four factors students found basic to effective clinic instruction were: 1) an instructor meeting teaching responsibilities, 2) an instructor behaving in a manner conducive to clinical learning, 3) an instructor being technically competent, and 4) an instructor enjoying his or her job. The first factor was the strongest, accounting for the majority of the explained variance. Providing faculty with students' summary ratings on these four factors may encourage improvement in clinical teaching skills.

Education, Dental↗