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Biomedical subjects

E Riva

Publications and source records attributed to E Riva.

281 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunological development in asymptomatic HIV infected children].

In HIV infected children, CD45+CD4+ T lymph. reconstitution has been related to efficient thymopoiesis. Because human thymus undergoes spontaneous involution at a relatively young age, institution of antiretroviral therapy early in the course of infection has been recommended. 12 HIV vertically infected children aged 4-8 years were investigated T-cell subsets for four years. 7 children were naive for therapy (group NT); 5 experienced nucleoside analogues only (group T). CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ CD4+ values were compared to predicted values of healthy children. The two groups showed similar clinical and immunological baseline characteristics (CDC class N-A). Mean VL at t0 was 4.26 log10 (SD 0.71) in gr. NT and 4.01 log10 (SD 0.57) in gr. T; median CD4 T lymph values were 27% in gr. NT and 23.5% in gr. T. Median CD45RA+ values were 62.8% in gr. NT and 71.3% in gr. T. No differences in VL, CD4+ T lymph., CD45RA+, CD45RO+ were found in between groups or within each group at each time evaluation. Median CD45RA+ values were not different from predicted values of healthy children. None of the children changed CDC class during the study period. Although the number of subjects was small, our study evidenced the possibility of a normal immunological development in HIV-1 vertically infected asymptomatic children naive for HAART during the first decade, even in the presence of significant viremia.

CD4 Lymphocyte Count↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia in a couple mother-infant].

Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia in a couple mother-infant. Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia (BPNH) is a malformation of neuronal migration, recently recognized X-linked. We report a case of BPNH associated with mega-cisterna magna diagnosed by ultrasound imaging at 27 weeks' gestation and confirmed by MR at 11 days of life. Similar findings in the mother's MR underlines the recurrency of this malformation in the same family.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the treatment with levodropropizine of respiratory diseases in children].

Sometimes, antitussives can be a valid adjuvant to respiratory tract infections treatment. Although not always needed, this therapeutic support can be extremely useful in selected cases, and when patient is resident and monitored. In this line, the efficacy of a new peripheral antitussive, levodropropizine (Dompé farmaceutici, Milan), has been evaluated in 70 children inpatients of the Pediatric Department at san Paolo Hospital - Milan University - from September 1987 to May 1988. Thirty one male and 29 female children, aged 4 years and 6 months +/- 3 years and 5 months, suffering from various respiratory tract diseases were included in the study. Underlying diseases were represented by 21 acute bronchitis, 20 asthmatic attacks, 18 bronchopneumonia, 11 tracheitis, 6 acute episodes of chronic bronchitis, 2 hypoglottis laryngitis, 1 pertussis, 1 spontaneous pneumothorax. All parents gave their oral informed consent. The basic treatments were antibiotics in 44 patients associated or not with beta 2 agonists (31), theophylline (15), corticosteroids via aerosol (9) or parenterally (3), immunomodulators (2). Treatment with levodropropizine in the oral drops formulation at 2 mg pro kg a day was continued for 5 days and withdrawn according to the clinical evolution. Cough was registered by means of appropriate record forms given to the parents as well as with 120' tape recording whenever possible, i.e. 60 minutes before and 60 minutes after drug administration, on day one and 2. At treatment end, parents and investigator gave an antitussive efficacy judgement. Tolerability was evaluated as per clinical evolution and laboratory parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary volume and flows in asthmatic children in therapy with prompt and delayed-action theophylline: preliminary report].

12 asthmatic children, suffering from frequent asthma (Ekwo-Weiberger classification), were studied; 3 groups were selected: A group: without therapy. B group: treated with plain theophylline. C group: treated with SR theophylline. Adequate serum theophylline levels were obtained in B and C group. Every child underwent then body plethysmography (Fenyves and Gutt's Pulmostar apparatus) before and after inhaling Albuterol through IPPB apparatus. We matched the different performances provided by the subjects of the various groups and compared them with the ones of a D group of healty subjects (pollinosics out of the exposure season). The indexes of pulmonary statics, and particularly TV and RV (as well as FRC) point out a better effect of plain theophylline vs. SR theophylline. Similar impression was done examining the conductances and the volume/flow curve, referring particularly to MMEF and V 0.50 TV. Further pharmacokinetic, clinical and spirometric studies are therefore necessary to confirm that the use of SR theophylline nowadays available in Italy is as successful as plain theophylline in long-term prophylaxis of children asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory atopy and season of birth: epidemiologic considerations].

Numerous environmental conditions have been considered factors which may favour atopic disease. 320 children (233 males and 87 females, aged from 1 year and 10 months to 16 years and 6 months) were followed at the Out-patients' Department for Allergology of the V Pediatric Clinic (University of Milano). These children were examined in order to determine possible environmental factors, which could be related to subsequent allergic sensitization in infancy. We excluded all the subjects with a high atopic risk owing to: gestational age under 36 weeks, weight at birth under 2,500 Kg, respiratory distress in infancy, bronchiolitis in the first 6 months of life, particularly unfavourable conditions of the domestic microclimate. We did not find any correlation between the length of the period of breast feeding alone and the subsequent appearance of atopic sensitization. The only factor which could be related to atopic sensitization was the season of birth: the majority of atopic subjects were born in the period of maximum exposure to their respective allergens. Our data underline the difficulty in planning any efficacious prophylactic measure against respiratory allergy, limiting our possibilities to the improvement of assistance during pregnancy and to newborns and to the realization of better hygienic and environmental conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of a new amino acid mixture in the diet therapy of patients with classical phenylketonuria].

The treatment of classic PKU is based on the dietary restriction of phenylalanine. The present study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of a new amino acid mixture (ASP-Nestlé) in the dietary treatment of ten PKU patients (age 2 to 9 years, mean 5 years). The children were given this product for a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 12 months (mean 8 months). The aminoacid mixture, diluted in water or various flavored drinks, was favorably accepted by the patients. No clinical signs of hypophenylalaninemia were noticed and the children grew regularly in height and weight. The biochemical parameters, evaluated before during and after the treatment, showed a good nutritional balance. The plasma phenylalanine control was excellent, when compared to the plasma phenylalanine range obtained with other dietary regimens.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alteration of thymidine kinase activity in cells treated with an antiviral agent.

A lymphoblastoid cell line, CEM, was rendered resistant to zidovudine (AZT) in vitro by exposure to low but gradually increasing concentrations of the drug. This type of cellular resistance seems to be due to a defect of thymidine kinase (TK) activity that is acquired by cells grown in the presence of AZT. In fact, enzymatic studies with extracts from AZT-resistant cells (CEMazt), have shown that the value of the maximum velocity (Vmax) of TK activity measured with AZT and for deoxythymidine (dThd) is decreased as compared to sensitive CEM cells. Furthermore, the enzyme affinity for AZT and dThd is reduced in CEMazt. Further experiments have shown that such cells do not show resistance to other nucleoside analogs, such as ddI, ddC, AraT and D4T, suggesting that the phosphorylation pathways different from those involving TK are unaltered. Ex vivo experiments performed by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV infected individuals revealed that a prolonged treatment with AZT may modify the affinity of TK for dThd, thus suggesting that the aforementioned phenomenon may occur also in vivo.

Anti-HIV Agents↗