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Biomedical subjects

E Ritz

Publications and source records attributed to E Ritz.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Presumable non-A, non-B hepatitis in hemodialysis.

Hepatitis A and B markers, IgM-anti-CMV and -EBV were determined in 154 dialysis patients, 118 relatives of patients and 42 members of the staff. Episodes of elevated transaminases were investigated for presumable non-A, non-B hepatitis as well as secondary infections among relatives. --The cumulative frequency of HBV markers was 71% in center dialysis patients, 63% in home dialysis patients, 50% in staff and 19% in relatives. The frequency of HBV markers increased with duration of dialysis treatment and with the number of blood units transfused. Spouses of dialysis patients had more often HBV markers than other relatives (22% vs. 8.8%). 96.8% of the center dialysis patients, 83.3% of home-dialysis patients, 41% of the staff, and 42% of the relatives were anti-HAV-positive. The incidence of IgM-anti-CMV was highest in home-dialysis patients (15.5%). The frequency of IgM-anti-EBV was 4.3% in center-dialysis patients and 12.7% in home-dialysis patients. --9% of all dialysis patients had an episode of elevated transaminases compatible with non-A, non-B hepatitis. The possible secondary attack rate among relatives was 31%.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1981

Is more heparin necessary for low-dose heparin prophylaxis in uremic patients?

Heparin dose requirements for s.c. heparin prophylaxis were investigated in control individuals and in uremic patients. Heparin levels (neutralisation of factor Xa activity, neutralisation of Xa amidolytic activity; PTT and thrombin time) at timed intervals after single and repetitive s.c. doses of 5,000 or 7,500 IU were measured in 11 uremic patients and 9 individuals with normal renal function. At a dose of 2 x 5,000 IU/d heparin s.c. no difference between controls and uremic individuals was found. In contrast, in uremic patients, peak concentrations and area under the curve (AUC) were significantly lower and plasma half life shorter after 3 x 5,000 IU heparin s.c. After repeated administration of heparin, heparin concentrations (24 hrs) had fallen to nil in uremic patients whereas in controls measurable activity was still demonstrable. After i.v. bolus injection of heparin, peak concentrations were identical in controls and in uremic patients, but elimination half life was prolonged in uremic patients. It is therefore suggested that lower plasma heparin concentration after heparin s.c. is the result of diminished net absorption from the subcutaneous depot. It is concluded that in order to achieve a given plasma activity, higher s.c. doses of heparin must be administered to uremic patients than to non-uremic individuals. But further studies are required to demonstrate safety and efficacy of heparin prophylaxis in uremic individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Preparation of sarcoplasmic reticulum with high calcium-sensitive ATPase and stable calcium transport function from rat skeletal muscle.

A method was developed for the isolation from rat skeletal muscle of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in which the calcium transport function does not decay during storage. High initial and maximum uptake of calcium and calcium-dependent ATPase activity were obtained for membranes isolated from mixed muscles or pure red fibers. Unstable vesicles resulted when 2 mM EDTA was included in the isolation medium. The calcium uptake activity was lost upon ageing at 0 degrees C, probably due to conversion of the calcium-dependent ATPase to a calcium-independent form. Addition of Ca2+ counteracted the affects of EDTA, suggesting their involvement in maintaining the structure of the calcium transport system. This is supported by the fact that different structural states of the ATPase in stable and unstable vesicles were detected by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Application of an improved methodology to demonstrate bacterial adherence during the menstrual cycle.

We studied bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells of female patients in relation to the menstrual cycle. We determined the number of bacteria demonstrable on native cells and the number of adhering bacteria after incubation with E. coli. Free bacteria and uroepithelial cells with adhering bacteria were optimally separated by differential centrifugation using sodium metrizoate (9.6%) and dextran (5.6%) (Lymphoprep). Thus, contamination of the cell preparation by free (non-adhering) bacteria was avoided and results were well reproducible. A median of five bacteria/cell (range 0-19) was observed for uroepithelial cells obtained from urine of female patients. Such bacteria were mostly rods. After in vitro incubation with E. coli cultures, a median of 33 bacteria/cell (range 17-54) was counted. Our improved methodology failed to demonstrate a relationship between bacterial adhesion and the menstrual cycle.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence and incidence of renal stone disease in a German population sample.

261 male and 242 female patients (age 15-65 years) were questioned about renal colics with passage of renal stones. The patients were questioned while undergoing a medical examination. The prevalence of renal stones varied between 1.1% (males 15-29 years) and 20.6% (males 50-65 years) with an average of 6.9%. The incidence of passage of a calculus was 0.62% percent of the population per year. These figures in a German population sample are in agreement with more recent data from other industrialized countries and point to the magnitude of renal stone disease as a public health problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Isotachophoresis for the determination of oxalate in unprocessed urine.

The principle of isotachophoresis has been used to develop a simple, specific and sensitive analytical procedure for the determination of oxalate in unprocessed urine. Analytical conditions were optimized. The accuracy and precision of the method were estimated. The specificity was checked with oxalate decarboxylase. Separation of oxalate from a number of organic acids was achieved. The influence of factors such as storage, calcium concentration, pH or ionic strength was examined. The 24-h urine excretion rates for healthy children, healthy adults and for patients with idiopathic stone formation were established. Lower absolute excretion rates were found in children and females. Urinary oxalate/creatinine ratios were higher in children than in adults. The mean oxalate excretion in 24-h urines of adult healthy individuals was 413 +/- 150 mumol per 24 h per 1.73 m2 (range 195-732). The mean oxalate/creatinine ratio was 0.033 +/- 0.011 (range 0.018-0.065).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Foreign body giant cell reaction in lungs, liver and spleen. A complication of long term haemodialysis.

Accumulation of a foreign material in grotesque quantities was observed in the macrophages of lung, liver and spleen of a patient on maintenance haemodialysis. The material appeared in macrophages which were found either in groups or singly, without causing epitheloid cell reaction, necrosis or fibrosis. The material was non-isotropic, non-crystalline and did not stain with routine staining procedures. Transmission electron microscopy showed its presence within lysosomal membranes. The nature of the material and the mechanism of its incorporation into the patient remain unclear, but it is conceivable that incorporation is a consequence of longterm interaction of blood and foreign material during haemodialysis. The clinical consequences of such incorporation have to established.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Bone cell kinetics and function during experimental uremia.

Bone cell kinetics and function and chondrocyte kinetics were evaluated in uremic rats and their pair-fed controls using quantitative histology and 3H-thymidine labeling. The principle histologic abnormality in the proximal tibial metaphysis of uremic rats was a relative abundance of proliferating and differentiated bone cells. No mineralization abnormalities were observed. There was increased proliferation of bone cells and an increased rate of differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclast nuclei in uremic animals. There was no change in chondrocyte kinetics, indicating a dissociation of the normal bone elongation and bone maturation processes. The data on osteoclast number and hard tissue suggest individual osteoclasts in uremic animals have sub-normal resorbing efficiency. It is proposed that the cell kinetic alterations are due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. The cause of osteoclast inefficiency is uncertain, but may be related to (1) deficiency of active products of vitamin D; (2) chronic uremia; and/or (3) chronic secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Animals↗