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Biomedical subjects

E Reinold

Publications and source records attributed to E Reinold.

174 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
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[Effects of prostaglandin E1 analogs on the cervix--observations with vaginal sonography].

In this study participated 17 patients, in whose pregnancies not viable malformations or intrauterine deaths were diagnosed. The termination of the pregnancies was done with PG-E-1 suppositories Gemeprost (Cergem) 1 mg. Collectively the patients received 3 Cergem suppositories applicated all 3 hours. Before beginning therapy and every 4-6 hours a vaginosonography was done. The cervical changes under the influence of Gemeprost were documented vaginosonographically. The measurements before Gemeprost treatment showed an average cervical length of 44.2 +/- 6.3 mm, a width of 29.5 +/- 1.7 mm and an internal os of 2.5 +/- 0.5 mm. The results of the second ultrasound showed a length of 30.6 +/- 4.1 mm, a width of 32.3 +/- 2.5 mm and an internal os of 7.0 +/- 3.0 mm. The last measurements (ca. 107 minutes before abortion) showed a remaining of cervical length of 15.2 +/- 4.5 mm, a width of 41.5 +/- 4.6 mm, an internal os of 19.2 +/- 4.1 mm and the amniotic membranes bulged into the cervical channel.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Imaging of premature uterine contraction in vaginal sonography].

A collective of 60 patients with clinical diagnosed contractions was vaginosonographically examined. During the ultrasound examination preterm labour was seen in 42 patients. In a control group (n = 50) preterm contractions were not detectable. The average time of the contractions was 88 seconds in the primipara group and 90 seconds in the multipara group and showed no statistical significance. In the group of the primipara a shortening of the cervical length of 17 (+/- 6) mm, in the multipara group 15 (+/- 5) mm was seen under contractions, furthermore a thickening of 8 +/- 4 mm respectively 10 +/- 5 mm. The internal os of the primipara opened 11 +/- 6 mm, of the multipara group 13 +/- 6 mm. The highest incidence of uterine contractions was found in the 32nd week. The paired students t-test showed a significance of p less than 0.001 for the cervical length, thickness and internal os and for the thinning of the dorsal uterine wall, subdividing the parity did not show statistical significance. The vaginosonography is able to help detecting preterm labour.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cervix at term--an ultrasonographic study].

Transvaginal sonography with a 5 MHZ probe was used to measure the cervical length, width and the internal os. We examined 37 Primiparae (group 1) and 36 Multiparae (group 2) in the 40th and 41st gestational week vagino-sonographically. All pregnancies were uncomplicated. For comparison between the datas of shortening and thickening of cervix the students t-test showed a significance of p less than 0.05. We registered vagino-sonographically that under painless uterine contractions the cervix shortened with an increase of thickness, while the internal os was constant and opened at least. A reformation of cervix in the relaxation phases was seen.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality-dependent anxiety reactions in primiparous patients].

The emotional state of the gravida shortly before childbirth has a predictive value for her comportment during parturition. We evaluated, whether the concept of defensive coping with fear (repression vs. sensitization) contributed to a better identification of patients at risk. Both repression and sensitization are inadequate attempts of warding off fear, the difference being the interpretation of the triggering situation. We interviewed 101 primiparous women during routine pregnancy check-ups between the 34th and 40th week of pregnancy. The following instruments were applied: demographic data, repression-sensitization scale, scales concerning birth preparation and fear of birth, Spielberger's STAI-X and the Giessen scale of psychosomatic complaints. Three days post partum a scale concerning the experience of birth and the STAI-X were completed. Sensitizers had a tendency to admit fears more openly in the STAI-X and to experience birth as threatening. They complained about more psychosomatic symptoms than the repressor group in the Giessen scale. Non defensive-copers were found in-between. Sensitizers showed highest levels of fear of birth. No differences between repressors, non-defensive copers and sensitizers could be found concerning demographic data like birth complications (spontaneous delivery vs. cesarean section/forceps delivery). Neither did the groups show differences concerning the attendance of birth preparation courses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Course of pregnancy of insulin-dependent diabetic patients 1978-1985 at the 1st Vienna University gynecologic clinic].

Perinatal mortality and morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers have declined continuously during the past decades, due to advances in prenatal care, obstetric management and intensive neonatal care. This retrospective study reports on complications during pregnancy and fetal outcome in those insulin-dependent-diabetic (IDDM) pregnancies admitted to our institution from 1978 to 1985. Age, weight, prepregnant weight and weight-gain of those patients are compared with normal uncomplicated pregnancies (of the same period). In the diabetic group we noticed a high incidence of abortion (30%) as well as a high frequency of previous stillbirths (19%). In the majority of cases delivery was achieved by the 38th week of gestation the mean birth weight and length being 3,144 g and 48.5 cm respectively. 22% of the cases were delivered by cesarean section. The diagnosis preeclampsia was made in 15 patients, in 4 cases we observed a placental insufficiency, 11 women presented with premature labor and there was one fetal death. 44 newborns (63.8%) had a birthweight between 2,500 g and 4,000 g, 15 infants were below 2,500 g (21.7%), 10 infants weighed more than 4,000 g (14.5%), 5 of them displayed cushingoid features. 3 cases were complicated by hypoglycemia, 3 infants were dystrophic at birth and there was one major congenital anomaly. The incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome was extremely high, 12 milder cases could be managed without ventilation therapy, 4 severe cases had to be given full respiratory support.

Austria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatitis B screening in pregnancy].

At the I. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna, between April 1, 1985 and September 30, maternity patients between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation had their blood tested for hepatitis B. Out of 167 patients screened for hepatitis B, three had a positive hepatitis B surface antigen test (1.8%), nineteen a positive anti-hepatitis BsAg test. Two patients were positive for anti-hepatitis BeAg (1.2%), one was positive for hepatitis-BeAg (0.6%). The presence of hepatitis BeAg conveys a higher infant attack rate. Yet even in the absence of the antigen and/or the presence of anti-hepatitis BeAg, infection may lead to a fatal outcome. Also, if the mother is a carrier, risk of acquiring the infection because of chronic exposure is present. Therefore the question and possible need for routine Hepatitis B-screening during pregnancy arises, not only in maternity patients at high risk for hepatitis B.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance and incidence of risk factors in pre- and dysmaturity].

Anamnestic and clinical data of 10 654 deliveries were related to premature and dysmature pregnancies. The aim of the study was to get a correlation between special data on the one hand and pre- and dysmaturity on the other hand. The risk of dysmaturity is the highest in gravidae with a gestosisscore of more than 4. The risk of prematurity is the highest in gravidae with bleedings during pregnancy. The most frequent symptom in prematurity was a high cervix-score. It occurred in the prematurity collective in 40.7%. In the dysmaturity collective occurred the abuse of nicotine in 32.9%. Some symptoms have a high prognostic value for a pathological pregnancy, but it was impossible to develop a high risk score following these data. An high specificity was connected with a low sensitivity and vice versa.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Couples at parturition: on the value of short preparation for the shared-birth experience].

Due to the rising number of couples who experience childbirth together, a rising number of men is faced with the problem of feeling as an "intruder" to the delivery room, which traditionally was reserved to women. Therefore, many "Lamaze-Groups" tried to better prepare couples for the birth situation. Since it is often difficult to carry out the commonly practiced 8-hour course, we decided to offer a "short preparation course for couples" and to evaluate, whether this program could convey strategies to cope with the emotional problems of childbirth and how this might manifest itself in individual experience. At two evenings, during two hours each, we referred and discussed the following topics: normal parturition and puerperium, rooming-in, breast-feeding and the psychological situation during this period; relaxation and labor-control exercises were practised together and all relevant rooms of the hospital were visited. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this short preparation, the following data were collected from 26 prepared and 27 unprepared couples: Couples were asked to answer the STAI X-1 state anxiety questionnaire according to Spielberger. Relevant medical data were collected from the patients records. During puerperium, a semi-standardised interview concerning the childbirth experience was carried out. Prepared (EG, n = 26) and unprepared (CG, n = 27) couples did not differ in socio-economic or marital status, parity or acceptance of pregnancy. Age was significantly higher in the TG for men as well as for women. In Spielberger's anxiety questionnaire prepared couples have lower values throughout most items, thus generally may said to be less anxious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma volumetry with 131I in gestoses of different degrees of severity with dystrophy in children].

Plasma volume was measured with 131I-marked human albumin in 32 cases of gestosis at 35 to 38 weeks gestation. The same tests were made in 4 nonpregnant women. We examined 24 patients suffering from medium to severe gestosis (above 4 points according to Goecke) and 8 patients suffering from minimal gestosis (under 4 points). 4 nonpregnant women exhibited a mean plasma volume of 41.3 ml kg body weight, whereas patients suffering from minimal gestosis exhibited a mean plasma volume of 51.5 ml/kg body weight, in those suffering from medium to severe gestosis we found a volume of 48 ml/kg body weight. There was no significant correlation between the severity of the gestosis and plasma volume reduction, in contrast to birth weight of the infant with regard to gestation period and plasma volume. A low plasma volume in the mother was closely correlated to fetal dystrophy. The sensitivity of the method was 88.8%, specificity 80%.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antepartum and intrapartum cardiotocographic changes in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus].

In 69 insulin-dependent diabetic patients antepartal as well as intrapartal CTG's were evaluated retrospectively according to Fischer and Hammacher scores, revealing a marked decrease or a lack of decelerations together with a limitation of the oscillation amplitudes in the antepartal CTG. These show a marked increase during the last weeks of pregnancy. Intrapartal decelerations similar to variable dips are far more frequent. The same alterations, though less marked, are in part also found in latent diabetics. Owing to the small number of patients, and to a lack of literature in this field, no definitive conclusion can be drawn yet. Thus, prospective studies will still have to be carried out on a larger scale.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of the cervix uteri at labor onset from ultrasound studies].

The cervix uteri is of greatest importance for the environment of the fetus. The sonographic imaging of the cervix uteri can be done by transabdominal, perineal and transvaginal route. Each of these methods are associated with specific advantages and disadvantages. During the time of gestation the cervix uteri can be measured sonographically concerning the length, the thickness, the width of the cervical canal and in addition the diameter of the internal and the external os. At the beginning of labour the cervix shows a transformation: a shortening with an increase of thickness. The phase of contraction is followed by a phase of reformation. Individual formations of the cervix regarding the a premature opening of the internal os or the external os could be demonstrable without clinical symptoms. By W. Eppel a score-like formula "Incompetence-Factor" was described for a quantification of these measurements.

Cervix Uteri↗