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Biomedical subjects

E Rapisarda

Publications and source records attributed to E Rapisarda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The analgesic activity of calcitonin and the central serotonergic system.

The effect of peripherally administered cyproheptadine or reserpine and the administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) in the nucleus raphe dorsalis on the analgesic activity of salmon calcitonin (sCT) injected into the lateral ventricle were investigated in male rats. Cyproheptadine or reserpine, given respectively 30 min or 24 h before the peptide, completely abolished the analgesic activity at all the times studied. However, when reserpine was given before the peptide it increased the effect of sCT at 30 (P less than 0.01), 60 (P less than 0.001), 120 (P less than 0.01) and 180 (P less than 0.01) min. 5,7-DHT injected in the nucleus raphe dorsalis 15 days before the peptide led to complete abolition of the analgesic activity. If neurotoxin was injected 4 days before sCT, the effect of the peptide was significant (P less than 0.05) only at 60 min. The results obtained confirm that the analgesic activity of sCT may involve central serotonergic pathway(s), and that the midbrain raphe nuclei 5-HT content is an important focus for this activity.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of restraint stress by systemic (Asu1,7) eel-calcitonin.

The effects of different doses of (Asu1,7) eel-calcitonin, iv injected, on gastric secretion were studied in conscious rats with pyloric occlusion. Moreover, we evaluated the activity of this analogue on gastric ulcer formation by restraint stress. It was found that 2.5 or 5 Ul/kg (Asu1,7) eel-calcitonin decreased gastric acid secretion and inhibited the development of stress-induced ulcers in rats. In the isolated rat stomach the peptide at the concentrations of 1 nM to 1 microM did not modify acetylcholine, histamine or 5-hydroxytriptamine-induced contractions. These results suggest that this peripheral activity of (Asu1,7) eel-calcitonin does not involve a direct interference with cholinergic, histaminergic or serotonergic pathways at gastric level.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of calcitonin on ACTH secretion.

We have investigated the effects of salmon calcitonin injected intracerebroventricularly on adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) secretion in rats. Salmon calcitonin was able to increase significantly (p less than 0.05) ACTH secretion at the dose of 5 ng/rat and (p less than 0.01) at the doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 ng/rat; the effect (50 ng/rat) was maximal at 30 min and still present after 60 and 120 min. The maximal dose of calcitonin produced a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in serum ACTH concentration also in stressed animals. It is suggested that calcitonin may increase serum ACTH secretion by central norepinephrine and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine pathways that regulate corticotropic releasing factor activity.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

[Effects of dopaminergic drugs on the concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2alpha in various brain regions].

It has long been shown by Biggio and Guidotti that multisynaptic nigro-cerebellar pathway of dopaminergic origin can control cerebellar cyclic guanosinmonophosphate (cGMP) content, a good index of the activity of Purkinje cells. In this line, it has been reported that haloperidol and sulpiride, significantly decrease cerebellar cGMP content while opposite changes are observed with apomorphine. In an attempt to establish whether other cerebellar cGMP-related parameters may be influenced by dopamine drugs. Authors have investigated the effects of haloperidol, sulpiride and apomorphine on cerebellar PGE2 and PGF2alpha. Results obtained indicate that haloperidol and sulpiride significantly reduce cerebellar PGE2 and PGF2alpha content while opposite changes are induced by apomorphine. Similar results have been observed in substantia nigra but not in other brain regions, such as corpus striatum and medial basal hypothalamus. The possibility that the observed changes in cerebellar PG-content may result from the modulation of striatal dopamine receptors is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effects of dopaminergic drugs on cerebellar prostaglandin concentrations.

Previous data indicate that the injection of dopaminergic drugs induces changes in cerebellar 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content. Accordingly, we have investigated the effects of haloperidol, sulpiride, or apomorphine on cerebellar prostaglandin (PG) concentration, a parameter related to cGMP content. Results obtained show that dopamine receptor blocking agents, such as haloperidol and sulpiride, significantly decrease cerebellar PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations, while opposite changes are induced by apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Investigations on behavioral effects of an extract of Cannabis sativa L. in the rat.

The behavioral responses of the rat to an extract of Cannabis sativa were examined after IP injection of 5, 15 and 30 mg/kg (expressed as delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol). The lowest dose of the extract induced stereotyped behavior (rhythmic head movements, intermittent gnawing and sniffing) together with hypersensitivity to stimuli and hyperthermia. The administration of higher doses of the extract resulted, initially, in similar behavioral effects but of greater intensity, followed by a cataleptic state alternating with atonic muscular prostration; rectal temperature was decreased. Pre-treatment with 6-hydoxydopamine (6-OHDA, which produces degeneration of catecholamine-containing nerve terminals)or pimozide (blocker of dopamine receptors) significantly reduced both stereotype and hyperreactivity. Thermic effects were also antagonized by 6-OHDA pre-treatment. Cannabis-induced catalepsy was enhanced by pimozide but reduced by atropine (3 mg/kg SC). These results support the hypothesis that catecholamines play an important role in the complex behavioral effects of cannabis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of two root canal preparation and obturation methods: the Mc Spadden method and the use of ProFile-Thermafil].

BACKGROUND: In endodontic field different instruments and techniques have been suggested for the preparation and filling or radicular bent canals. The purpose of this study is to compare two different cleaning and canal filling methods: preparation and filling technique, according to Mc Spadden's method, instrument technique and the closing of the canal system according to ProFile-Thermafil method. METHODS: In this study ten molars divided into two groups of five elements each were used. The five molars of the first group were prepared according to the "crown-down" technique with nickel-titanium instruments by NT Engine Files Quantec 2000 series. The 18 canals found out in the five molars have been filled with Pac Mac and gutta-percha preheated. The five molars of the second group have 17 radicular canals which, firstly, have been cleaned with ProFile .04 and .06 taper fitted to a manipulator at 220 revolutions per minute and then filled by Thermafil n. 30 with plastic carrier. All ten molars were X-rayed first, during and after the treatment. All teeth were soaked into polymerised resin, dissected into three different points and observed through Optical Microscope. RESULTS: Both cleaning techniques succeed in being efficient in bent canals. The instruments made by Mc Spadden highlight a greater preservation of canal dentine than the ProFile. In samples of the first group there is an excellent adaptation of multiphase gutta-percha to the canal walls and a correct relationship between the filling material and the apical foramen. In filling with Thermafil the adaptation of gutta-percha inside the radicular canal shows outstanding differences in relation to sections taken into account. Actually, while in portion of the crown the filling can be considered satisfactory towards the canal walls, in apical sections there is a decrease in the quantity of gutta-percha step by step, while a contact of plastic carrier with dentine walls is highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: Wheter in the shaping or in the canal filling phase, the two methods are efficient and conservative towards dental structure at the same time. These methods, have an outstanding reduction in dental weakening and in times of the endodontic treatment performance.

Dental Instruments↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The vertical root fracture].

Remembering the epidemiology and the possible etiologies of vertical root fractures, the authors distinguish between fractures that occur in vital teeth and vertical fractures of endodontically treated roots. They discuss predisposing factors, onset modality and follow-up. They describe the symptomatology and the few radiographic pathognomonic signs. They show the importance, prognostic and therapeutic purposes, of an exact differential diagnosis as regards periodontal problems. On the basis of personal experience and the literature they believe that the one certain resolutive therapy is extraction in the case of monorooted teeth and the root amputation of the fractured root in case of plurirooted teeth with a good periodontal supporting bone. They conclude by stressing the importance of a preventive global approach to reduce, among other things, the incidence of these unusual conditions that are difficult to diagnose, present no clear signs, and have an unfavourable prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral surgery and histologic reports: the incidence of various diseases in eastern Sicily].

According to the histological exams executed from January 1975 to June 1988, the authors assessed the frequency in the years, in the sex and in the decades and of the pathology surgery executed. For simplicity of graphic representation, the authors subdivided the pathologies in nine groups: phlogistic trial, cysts, epulis, leukoplakia and precancerous lesion, epithelial tumor, connectival tumor, vascular tumor and osseous tumor. With the voice "other" we consider some neoplasies which are not numerous and which are not differently classificable. According to the present statistics numerous operations are excluded like dysodontiasis, dental embedding, fractures, supernumerary teeth and so on. The authors ascertained on elevated frequency of cysts and of osteitis of maxillary bone caused by an inadequate and late treatment of the cavity. During the passing of the years the incidence of phlogistic trial is particularly reduced while the cysts presented a notable increase. Comparison of leukoplakia was exceptional while among the tumors predominate the epithelial tumors one. According to the presented information the Authors come to an end hoping a more preventive sensibility of people and dentistries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sonic and ultrasonic instruments for endodontics. 1. Overview].

Remembering at the common aim for every endodontic treatment, the authors underline that is basal to clean and shape the root canal. The authors describe technical and anatomical handicaps existing in this stage and discriminate between traditional instruments and endosonic instruments. They also remember the advantages of ultrasonic joined with mechanical smoothing of the canal; after they make clear some concepts of wave physics to clarify the terms utilized in this study. Moreover they discriminate endosonic sets in sonic and ultrasonic devices. The authors conclude their study thinking that the endosonic way in endodontics is the synthesis of physical, chemical and biological effects.

Dental Pulp Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sonic and ultrasonic instruments for endodontics. 2. Operative sequence and clinical advantages].

The authors describe the differential characteristics between sonic and ultrasonic endodontic devices: the former type is pneumatic and uses the air coning from the odontoiatric chair that gives to the endodontic instrument only a lateral way of swinging. The latter type changes the ultrasonic activity coming from piezoeletric phenomena into swinging mechanical energy (operating at 25 KHz). The authors specify the characteristics of endodontic instruments and explain their operating ways, demonstrating that reaming by endosonic instruments increases effects of hypochlorite. They also describe the operating train, pausing on the opportunity that the root canal should be manually probed, measured and reamed up to a diameter that gives sufficient space to the file vibration. They conclude listing the advantages that gives the correct use of sonic and ultrasonic devices; they also augur that with their use endodontics could have a greater diffusion.

Dental Pulp Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Indications for the use of fibrobronchoscopy in oral surgery].

Fibrobronchoscopy, first used in pneumology with a diagnostic and therapeutic purpose, has been recently used in the therapy of "difficult intubations". After trismus, complex fracture, serious maxillofacial malformations and wide neoplasia, classic nose--orotracheal intubation through direct laryngoscopy may turn out difficulty. Some years ago blind intubation was used, which was stressing for the operator and very dangerous for the patient. In the most serious cases, tracheotomy was used. Thanks to flexible fibroscopes of suitable lenght and reduced diameter, nosetracheal intubations guided by fibroscope can be carried out today. Remembering the indications about fibrobronchoscope use in oral surgery, the Authors describe tre method they have used. They also underline the facility of this technique which allows to carry out a sure and not traumatic intubation without resorting to lisive medicines without producing lacerations or tumefactions in laryngotracheal mucosa.

Adolescent↗