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E Rødahl

Publications and source records attributed to E Rødahl.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Orbital tumors].

BACKGROUND: Orbital tumours are relatively uncommon, and few series of patients with such tumours have been reported from Scandinavia. Here we present the experience of a Norwegian referral centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have retrospectively evaluated the records of 278 patients with orbital tumours hospitalized at the Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital from 1961 to 1999. RESULTS: In 177 patients, a benign tumour was present, while 96 patients suffered from malignant disease. In five cases, the malignant potential of the tumour could not be assessed. A total of 71 different histological entities were observed. Surgical treatment performed at our department was in 22 patients exenteration, in 87 lateral orbitotomy, in 47 anterior orbitotomy and in 41 biopsy through an anterior approach. INTERPRETATION: This series illustrates the wide panorama of space-occupying lesions that may be present in the orbit. Since the lesions are rare and management in many cases complex, the treatment should be centralized to an eye department with a defined interest in orbital disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Endophthalmitis].

Endophthalmitis is a rare, but serious complication of intraocular surgery and penetrating injury, and is occasionally seen as a consequence of microbial spread either systemically or from a local focus of infection. Data from 34 patients with endophthalmitis at Haukeland University Hospital from 1988-98 were reviewed. The number of patients with endophthalmitis per year was 0-4, except for 1998 when 11 patients were diagnosed. Six patients had been treated with antibiotics prior to admission and were culture negative. 29 isolates were obtained form the other 27 patients. Pneumococci were identified in eight. Predisposing factors included ocular surgery, penetrating trauma, and periocular or systemic infections. All patients were treated with local and systemic antibiotics (from 1995 with a standardised combination of vancomycin and ceftazidime). Vitrectomy was performed in 22 patients. The visual function was perception of light or worse in six patients prior to the infection, and was the final outcome in 22 patients after the infection. The prognosis was dependent on predisposing factors and the infecting organism. Vitrectomy did not seem to improve the results. This series illustrates the clinical picture of endophthalmitis and current options for treatment. No definite explanation for the increased number of cases seen in 1998 was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A herpes simplex virus type 1 vector as marker for retrograde neuronal tracing: characterization of lacZ transcription and localization of labelled neuronal cells in sensory and autonomic ganglia after inoculation of the anterior segment of the eye.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a human, neurotropic pathogen which also can infect experimental animals. Much interest has been focused on genetic modification of HSV-1 so that it can be used as a vector for gene delivery and for tracing neuronal connections. For expression of a foreign gene inserted into the HSV-1 genome, both the site of insertion and the promoter activity are important. We have used a previously described HSV-1 vector, KOS/58, to demonstrate that the beta-galactosidase gene inserted together with a neurofilament L promoter into the coding region of the glycoprotein C (gC) gene is under the control of the foreign promoter rather than under that of the gC gene. This was performed by isolation of RNA from infected, neuron-like PC12 cells and Northern blotting using probes from various regions of the modified part of the genome. The vector was then inoculated in the cornea, subconjunctivally, or into the anterior chamber of the mouse eye. Whole mounts of the trigeminal, superior cervical and pterygopalatine ganglions were stained for beta-galactosidase. The localization of labelled neurons was consistent with retrograde axonal transport as the principal way of neuronal infection indicating that KOS/58 could be used as a retrograde tracer. The position of the labelled cells suggests a somatotopic organization of the mouse trigeminal and superior cervical ganglion similar to that of rats and rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Surgical treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy].

Thyroid ophthalmopathy is an inflammatory disorder of the extraocular muscles, orbital fat and orbital connective tissue that is most commonly seen in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. Inflammation is accompanied by deposition of extracellular matrix components, in particular glycosaminoglycans. The increase in the volume of the orbital contents may lead to periorbital swelling, extraocular muscle dysfunction, disfiguring proptosis, exposure keratitis, increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve compression. In many cases, surgical treatment is necessary for the rehabilitation of patients. In this report, we present a series of patients to illustrate relevant procedures and the results of surgical treatment in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy. The records of all patients (66) with thyroid ophthalmopathy hospitalized in the Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital 1 April 1994-31 March 1998 were retrospectively evaluated. Orbital decompressions were performed in 43 patients (in 17 for compressive optic neuropathy), squint surgery in 13 patients, correction of eyelid retraction in 20 patients, and removal of excessive skin and fat from the eyelids in 11 patients. Average reduction of proptosis was 4 mm after lateral wall resection, and 6 mm after combined medial and lateral wall resection. Visual acuity improved in patients with compressive optic neuropathy to 6/6 or better in 18/20 eyes (postoperative data were not available for all patients), while that of the remaining two eyes was 6/9 and 6/24, respectively. Squint surgery was successful (no diplopia in primary or reading position) in eight patients after one procedure, and in four after two procedures. One patient has been scheduled for a third procedure due to a severe esotropia. In patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy, suboptimal treatment of the thyroid disorder may worsen the ophthalmopathy. 16 patients had their medication adjusted, ten were referred for thyroid surgery, and one for treatment with radioiodine. Treatment of patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy is a therapeutic challenge requiring close collaboration between different specialists. In severe cases, several surgical procedures may be needed. The complication rate is low, however, and for most patients the functional as well as the aesthetic situation is greatly improved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Infection of rat brain cell aggregates with neurovirulent and nonneurovirulent strains of herpes simplex virus type 1.

Rat brain cell aggregates represent a three-dimensional tissue culture system of brain tissue in the form of small, multicellular spheroids. In the present work, we have infected these "minibrains" with neurovirulent, nonneurovirulent, and nonreplicating strains of HSV-1. The neurovirulent strains 17(+) and KOS(M) spread rapidly through the aggregates, while the nonreplicating ICP4 deletion mutant KD6 infected cells only at the periphery of the aggregates. Spread and replication of the nonneurovirulent strains RE6 and tk-7, and to some extent also of R13/1, were restricted. The interaction between different strains of HSV-1 and the rat brain cell aggregates is thus comparable to that seen in the brain, suggesting that the aggregates represent a useful tool for studying HSV-1 infection of brain tissue in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 by density gradient centrifugation and estimation of the sedimentation coefficient of the virion.

Purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is often performed by centrifugation in gradients of various materials. A major problem with such procedures is a gradual decrease in the infectivity of the virus, probably due to the influence of the gradient material. In the present work we have compared Nycodenz gradients with Ficoll gradients for HSV-1 purification. Both gradient materials have low osmolarities. The purity of the preparations recovered from the two gradients was similar, as measured by electron microscopy and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the yield of infectious virus was approximately the same. Szilágyi & Cunningham (22) reported previously that Ficoll gradients separate one band of complete virions and another band containing light particles devoid of nucleocapsids. In Nycodenz gradients we observed the same bands, and an additional third band which contained aggregates and disrupted particles. In this respect, the separation in Nycodenz is slightly superior to that in Ficoll. The purified HSV-1 virions were subjected to analytical differential centrifugation and an S-value of 670S was calculated for the virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of the 2-kilobase latency-associated transcript expressed in PC12 cells productively infected with herpes simplex virus type 1: evidence for a stable, nonlinear structure.

The major latency-associated transcript (LAT) expressed in PC12 cells productively infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 is a 2-kb, nonpolyadenylated RNA molecule that accumulates in the nuclei of infected cells. In actinomycin D-treated cells, the 2-kb LAT gene transcript has a half-life considerably greater than 12 h. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two species of the transcript were observed, a major species that was retarded in the gel and a minor species that migrated as a 1.96-kb RNA molecule. RNase H digestion after hybridization of the RNA with an oligonucleotide complementary to positions -80 to -101 relative to the 3' end of the 2-kb LAT gene transcript changed the mobility of the retarded species into that of the rapidly migrating species. Our data indicate that the 2-kb LAT gene transcript expressed in productively infected PC12 cells is present in a stable, nonlinear form.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Two-dimensional gel analysis of [35S]methionine labelled and phosphorylated proteins present in virions and light particles of herpes simplex virus type 1, and detection of potentially new structural proteins.

Cells infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) synthesize both infectious viruses and non-infectious light particles (L-particles). The latter contain the envelope and tegument components of the virions, but lack virus capsid and DNA. Electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) has been used extensively for analysis of structural proteins in virions and L-particles. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, however has a markedly higher resolution, and in the present work we have used this technique to study both [35S]methionine labelled and phosphorylated structural proteins in virions and L-particles. Proteins were assigned to the tegument or the envelope by the analysis of L-particles. Localization of structural proteins was also determined by stepwise solubilization in the presence of the neutral detergent NP-40 and NaCl, and by isolation of capsids from nuclei of infected cells. Different steps in posttranslational modification can be detected by 2-D gel electrophoresis such that a single polypeptide may appear as several spots. This was most clearly observed for some of the HSV-encoded glycoproteins which were shown to exist in multiple forms in the virion. Some polypeptides apparently not identified previously were either capsid associated, or localized in the tegument or envelope. The degrees of phosphorylation in L-particles and virions are almost identical for some proteins, but markedly different for others. Thus, glycoprotein E of HSV-1 is for the first time shown to be phosphorylated, and most heavily so in virions. The IE VMW)110 protein represents a group of proteins which are more phosphorylated in L-particles than in virions. Attempts are made to correlate the proteins detected by 2-D analysis with those previously separated by SDS-PAGE.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Labeling of surface proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 using a modified biotin-streptavidin system.

Methods of labeling surface proteins on herpes simplex virus (HSV) which have minimal effect on the biological activity of the virus are useful for the study of both the localization and function(s) of surface proteins. The present work describes a procedure using a water-soluble biotin compound, sulfo-NHS-biotin, which is unable to penetrate biological membranes and reacts with primary amines in proteins. Labeled proteins were detected by binding of [125I]streptavidin. Specific reaction with surface proteins was shown in Western blots using antibodies against selected proteins in the envelope or in the tegument. Proteins susceptible to iodination were also biotinylated, but the efficiency of labeling varied from one protein to another. As a result of freezing and thawing of the virus, as well as the manipulations involved in Ficoll gradient purification, internal proteins were labeled. The infectivity of the virus was reduced by approximately 40% after biotinylation. Labeled viruses were visualized by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated streptavidin, and seen as distinct spots on the surface of the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Differential accumulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts in sensory and autonomic ganglia.

We have analyzed the capacity of sensory and autonomic ganglia to demonstrate latency-associated transcripts (LATs) following inoculation of the anterior chamber of the mouse eye with Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In autonomic ganglia, the number of LAT-containing neurons decreased 50-fold or more from the acute to the latent phase, while in the trigeminal ganglion, the decrease was less than 2-fold. The decrease in autonomic ganglia could not be related to destruction of neurons expressing LATs, since these ganglia harbored substantial amounts of viral DNA. The data demonstrate that during the latent phase of the infection, accumulation of LATs varies depending on the type of infected neuron and suggest that some neurons may harbor a latent infection in the absence of LAT expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

An antigenic determinant is shared by psoriasis-associated p27 antigen and the Fc part of human IgG.

Rabbit antisera against the major internal protein, p27, of retrovirus-like particles from psoriatic urine, and against the serologically cross-reacting antigen, pso p27, from psoriatic scale, reacted with the Fc part of human IgG. Evidence indicating that the p27 antigen and the pso p27 antigen are identical has been presented in previous reports. A commercial antiserum against human IgG recognized a component in the pso p27-containing solution used as the source of antigen for immunization of the rabbits. By means of monoclonal antibodies against the pso p27 antigen, it was demonstrated that the Fc-reacting antibodies, and the antiserum against human IgG, recognized an epitope on the pso p27 antigen. The data indicated that an antigenic determinant is shared by the p27 antigen(s) and human IgG, suggesting that p27 antigen(s) may act as antigen(s) eliciting the production of antibodies with rheumatoid factor activity in psoriatic patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The origin and evolution of viruses].

This paper describes various hypotheses for the origin of viruses, prerequisites for the introduction of a virus into a host population, and the concerted evolution of virus and host. In general, viruses evolve through mutations and genetic recombinations. Selection pressure is exerted by various host defence mechanisms and possible ways of virus transmission. The virus variants showing a high reproduction rate without killing their host are most likely to be selected for. In addition, the viral infection vice versa exert a selection pressure on the host population resulting in the elimination of highly susceptible individuals and an increased number of resistant individuals. The apparent consequence is a tendency for the virus to be less virulent and the host to be more resistant.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1989

[Pathogenetic aspects of autoimmunity].

Autoimmune disorders comprise a broad spectrum of diseases. This paper describes the development of immunological tolerance, and presents a review of known and possible mechanisms for the development of autoimmune reactions and autoimmune disorders.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Retroviruses and chronic arthritis. Possible significance of some recent observations.

Retroviruses have been proposed as etiologic agents for the development of chronic arthritis in humans. The arthritis seen in goats infected by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and the spontaneous arthritis of inbred MRL/l mice illustrate how retroviruses may cause the development of a disorder closely resembling human rheumatoid arthritis. Several investigators have searched for evidence of retrovirus infection in patients with chronic arthritis, but in most cases the results have been disappointing. However, in 1983, Iversen isolated a virus-like particle from a patient with psoriasis. The particle had a buoyant density in sucrose and a protein composition that closely resembled murine and primate retroviruses. Particle proteins participate in immune complex formation in psoriasis, in psoriatic arthritis, and in ankylosing spondylitis. Particle proteins are also present in deposits in psoriatic lesions and in affected synovial tissue resembling immune complex deposits. The possible role for retrovirus-like antigens in the inflammatory process in psoriasis and seronegative arthritis is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗