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Biomedical subjects

E R Sinnett

Publications and source records attributed to E R Sinnett.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Possible artifacts in memory assessment with the Wechsler Memory Scale-III.

The Wechsler Memory Scale-III has a number of subtests on which scores can be influenced by random answering, malingering, and response sets as well as valid variance from memory functioning. Clinicians, researchers, and forensic psychologists need to take these possibly confounding sources into account when interpreting findings. Chance performance guidelines are presented along with some brief examples from clinical assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The role of aesthetic experience in changing selves.

Some rapprochement between psychology and the arts may have therapeutic potential as well as offer a basis for positive social interaction more generally. A simple proposal is offered as a foundation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Profile validity standards for MMPI and MMPI-2 F scales.

Although numerous indices of validity have been developed for the MMPI and MMPI-2, interest in the F scale and its variants continues, especially among practicing clinicians. The use of the binomial for assessing standards for random answering and possibly for judgments of malingering offers another approach for the interpretation of F-scale scores. The theoretical binomial distribution and Monte Carlo data are in accord. Cut-off scores of 24 for the MMPI and 23 for the MMPI-2 suggest random responses, and scores of 40 and 37, respectively, suggest clinical interpretation rather than randomness of responding.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Assessment of memory functioning among an aging sample.

To provide additional basic normative data and an enhanced understanding of memory functioning of older individuals, 100 subjects equally divided into 5-yr. age intervals from 60 to beyond 80, evenly split by sex and socioeconomic status, and balanced for racial composition were tested on 19 memory measures commonly used in clinical and neuropsychological assessment. While analyses indicated that 10 measures were significantly related to age, performance was quite stable from 60-74 years, dropping primarily at the oldest age intervals. No significant age-related differences were found on the remaining 9 measures, and in all instances considerable variability was evident. The study provides evidence against stereotypes that our population as a whole shows a generalized or severe memory decline with advancing age. Clearly, no one should hastily assume limitations in memory which would routinely disqualify older individuals in work, independent living, and decision-making. Recommendations are made for practicing clinicians who must choose instruments appropriate for normal and abnormal subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

The changing face of MMPI practice.

To assess the status of changing MMPI practice a questionnaire was sent by mail to 368 licensed psychologists in Kansas with a 40% response rate (N = 147). The modal respondent had 14.2 yr. of experience. Virtually all reported that they currently used the MMPI: 37.0% reported using the MMPI, 80.1% MMPI-2, and 40.4% MMPI-A. A majority (67.6%) used computerized scoring with local scoring used by three out of four respondents. Computerized administration was used by 15.9% and computerized interpretation by 43.8%. Most used both High Point Codes (91%) and Elevation (84.7%) for interpretations. Two of three respondents thought that the High Point Codes and Elevations for the MMPI and MMPI-2 are related. The results of this survey of current practice suggest that many practitioners may be making false assumptions about the nature of the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A and their relationships with the original MMPI. If the MMPI is to retain its hard-fought presence as a diagnostic, forensic, and selection tool, we must pay greater attention to these issues.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1996

Does the MMPI PTSD-PK scale measure robustness?

Research evaluating the diagnostic value of the MMPI PK scale for determining Posttraumatic Stress Disorder has been consistently positive. Various cut-off points have been suggested, depending on the population studied. The current study, involving a select group of police candidates from middle-sized midwestern towns, suggests that low PK scores may represent robustness. These subjects as a group made low use of health and mental health services and obtained very low PK scores (T = 41), although they made average scores on the clinical scales.

Female↗
PubMed1995

MMPI scores of female victims.

Samples of MMPIs of women who were victims of abuse or manifested a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder were drawn from two private practice settings, one urban and one in a small town. Each PTSD sample included 21 persons. For comparison, two contrast samples of 15 persons each were drawn from the same populations. A cut-off point of T = 65 for PK yielded a 69% hit rate for classifying PTSD and contrast subjects. Since scores on PS and PK were so highly correlated, no independent analyses were warranted. Although the PTSD group yielded a more elevated mean profile, there were no characteristic 2-point codes. Therefore, PK is more useful in identifying Posttraumatic Stress Disorder than either profile elevation or configuration.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Simulation and dissimulation on alcoholism inventories: the ALCADD and the MAST.

A group of 36 normal college students was administered the Alcohol Addiction Test and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test under three conditions. Significant contrasts between the scores obtained under the honest and simulated alcoholism conditions showed that normal subjects can simulate alcoholism on these inventories.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Food, drugs, and alcohol--a common temporal pattern of use.

Two samples of college students (n = 42) in a weight-control program were shown to deviate from their diets in a temporal pattern found in previous studies for the abuse of street drugs and alcohol. Implications for the treatment of various types of substance abuse and eating disorders are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Temporal patterns of drug use by heroin addicts.

Judgements were obtained from 26 subjects being treated for heroin use concerning the time of day they most commonly used heroin, marijuana, and alcohol. Heroin chipping, or occasional use, showed a peak time, 6 P.M. to 10 P.M., coinciding with the most common time for use of a variety of substances in several populations. However, the habitual use of heroin is most common upon awakening--apparently to ward off withdrawal symptoms. The results also suggest that the use of marijuana and alcohol does not deviate significantly from the recreational pattern of drug use demonstrated by other populations for other nonprescribed drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Temporal patterns of the use of non-prescribed drugs: some behavioral correlates.

Previous studies of the temporal patterns of the use of non-prescribed psychoactive drugs have been primarily limited to users' self-reports. Two behavioral indicators, times of arrest for driving while intoxicated and times of calls to a drug information service, yield temporal patterns very similar to those obtained from users' reports.

Adolescent↗