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Biomedical subjects

E R Monsen

Publications and source records attributed to E R Monsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Nutrition and feeding in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia after initial hospital discharge: risk factors for growth failure.

OBJECTIVE: To identify nutritional risk factors for growth failure in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) after initial hospital discharge, and to describe growth in and feeding concerns about these infants after discharge to the community. DESIGN: A cohort of 40 infants with BPD was followed up for 7 monthly visits after initial hospital discharge. Data on potential risk factors were gathered prospectively. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Forty infants with BPD were recruited from all 4 tertiary-level neonatal intensive care units in the Puget Sound area of Washington. Exclusionary criteria included congenital or chromosomal anomalies, grade IV intraventricular hemorrhage, and drug or alcohol exposure in utero. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Growth failure defined as weight less than the 5th percentile on National Center for Health Statistics growth curves at 2 or more points in time and a decrease in weight-for-age z score during the study period. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Relative risk of growth failure with exposure to each risk factor was determined. The chi 2 test was used to measure association between growth and development, and change in z scores was used to examine growth patterns. RESULTS: Growth failure occurred in 8 of 40 infants. Twenty-nine of the infants experienced a drop in weight-for-age z score from the initial to the final study visit. Growth failure was associated with low socioeconomic status (relative risk = 4.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.3, 12.6), postdischarge days of illness (relative risk = 10.5, 95% confidence interval = 1.4, 77.4) and "suspect" development (chi 2 = 7.12, P = .014). APPLICATIONS: Infants with BPD may benefit from comprehensive postdischarge nutrition and feeding therapy that includes ensuring adequate energy intake, parental support and education, and feeding evaluation and therapy.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia↗
PubMed1998

Absorption of dietary and supplemental folate in women with prior pregnancies with neural tube defects and controls.

BACKGROUND: The Public Health Service of the United States recommends that all women capable of childbearing consume .4 mg (400 microg) folic acid per day to decrease the risk of having a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect such as spina bifida or anencephaly. Three strategies are available to women to achieve this goal: use of dietary supplements; use of fortified foods; and/or increased intake of naturally occurring folate from foods. Identification of the most effective vehicle for delivery of folate to all women is critical in order to prevent these devastating congenital defects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference in response to an oral load of folate both from naturally occurring food sources and synthetic supplements among women with prior pregnancies affected by neural tube defects and controls. METHODS: We compared the absorption of test doses of 400 microg pteroylglutamic acid (unconjugated or synthetic folic acid found in supplements) and 400 microg pteroylpolyglutamic acid (conjugated or food folate) in 10 women with a history of neural tube defect affected pregnancies and eight controls with normal birth outcomes. The folate test dose was given as either 32 fluid ounces of orange juice or a folic acid single supplement pill. All participants received each test dose at separate clinic visits. The response to each test dose was measured by constructing an area under the curve (AUC) from the serum folate levels at 1, 2 and 3 hours post dose and applying a t-test to compare within and between cases and controls. We also compared red cell folate, vitamin B12, zinc and homocysteine between cases and controls. RESULTS: Within group comparisons showed that the area under the curve was significantly greater for the pteroylglutamic acid dose compared to the pteroylpolyglutamic acid dose for both cases and controls (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively). In a between group comparison, control women had a greater serum folate response to both forms of the vitamin compared to the case women, but the difference reached statistical significance only for the pteroylglutamic acid dose (p=0.02). Other measured nutrients differed between cases and controls, but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: We conclude that for all women synthetic folic acid as supplements or fortified foods may be the best way to increase acute folate levels in the blood, and thus delivery to the developing embryo. Further, since case women had a diminished response to both forms of the vitamin, and some case women had almost no response, we speculate that women with prior affected pregnancies may need a larger dose of folate to elicit a plasma response equivalent to the general population.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Effect of three sources of long-chain fatty acids on the plasma fatty acid profile, plasma prostaglandin E2 concentrations, and pruritus symptoms in hemodialysis patients.

Patients with chronic renal failure exhibit plasma fatty acid patterns indicative of essential fatty acid deficiency. The plasma fatty acid profile of 25 hemodialysis patients with a history of pruritus symptoms indicated lower 20:3n-9 (eicosatrienoic acid), 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid), and 20:5n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid) concentrations; a higher 18:1n-9 (oleic acid) concentration; and above-normal ranges of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) compared with 22 subjects chosen from a normal population. No significant difference in 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) was shown between the hemodialysis patients and the normal subjects. The dietary intake of 20:5n-3 was higher and that of 18:1n-9 lower in the patients compared with the normal population group. In this 8-wk double-blind study the hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to receive daily supplements of 6 g ethyl ester of either fish oil, olive oil, or safflower oil. At the end of 8 wk of treatment the fish oil group (FO group) had a greater decrease in 18:1n-9 (P < 0.05), greater increases in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 (P < 0.01), and trends toward a greater decrease in 20:4n-6, a greater increase in PGE2 concentrations, and greater improvement in pruritus scores (0.10 > P > 0.05) compared with the other two groups. The increases in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the FO group indicate compliance with fish oil supplementation. Results indicate that hemodialysis patients have abnormal fatty acid profiles and increased PGE2 values. Fish oil intervention changes the fatty acid profile and may improve the symptoms of pruritus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Shellfish: proximate composition, minerals, fatty acids, and sterols.

Proximate composition, minerals, fatty acids, and sterols were determined for eight species of shellfish commonly marketed in the Northwest. Moisture and total lipid content varied with the size of the species, with more variation in mollusca than in crustacea; total lipid content ranged from 0.7% in sea scallops to 3.1% in blue mussels but only from 1.2% in Dungeness crab to 1.3% in pink shrimp. The mineral content was highly variable; the mineral content of Northwest samples tended to be lower than that reported in other studies. Generally, shellfish are good sources of zinc, and Pacific oysters, blue mussels, and Manila clams are also good sources of iron. Five fatty acids (16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3) represented from 60% to 84% of the fatty acid content. Palmitic acid ranged from 13% to 32% of the total fatty acids. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were predominant (37.6% to 54.3%), with sea scallops containing more than 50%; n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 1.5% to 6.5%. In crustacea, cholesterol was the primary sterol, and brassicasterol was the only other measurable sterol. In all mollusca except California squid, cholesterol averaged 37 mg/100 gm and ranged from 23% to 39% of the total sterols. In squid, cholesterol, at 231 mg/100 gm, was the only measurable sterol. We conclude that shellfish vary widely in their nutrient content but, in general, are valuable additions to the diet.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1988

Weight loss leads to a marked decrease in nonresting energy expenditure in ambulatory human subjects.

The extent to which the resting and nonresting components of 24-hour energy expenditure decrease after weight reduction has not been prospectively assessed in ambulatory, weight-stable, reduced-obese humans. Accordingly, 24-hour energy expenditure was estimated as the weight-stabilizing (+/- 50 g/d) daily caloric intake of a defined liquid diet in a cross-sectional study of ten reduced-obese subjects after a 23.2% +/- 9.4% weight loss and 18 obese subjects at baseline weight. A regression analysis demonstrated an 18% decrease in the mean daily energy requirement of the reduced-obese subjects compared with that of subjects of the same relative body weight who had never dieted. Strong linear relationships were noted between estimated 24-hour energy expenditure and fat-free mass (FFM), and between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and FFM in the subjects at baseline weight. In six reduced-obese men, the 24-hour energy expenditure was only 75.7% +/- 5.6% of the value predicted by regression analysis for the decreased FFM. In these six subjects the RMR was 97.4% +/- 7.5% of that predicted for the decreased FFM, suggesting that essentially all the energy savings relative to FFM in the reduced-obese state occurred in nonresting energy expenditure. In a subsequent group of seven subjects studied longitudinally before and after a 21.5% +/- 2.3% weight loss, the decrease in nonresting energy expenditure accounted for 582 +/- 276 kcal/d or 71% of the decrease in estimated 24-hour energy expenditure. These data suggest a decrease in the nonresting energy expenditure of ambulatory reduced-obese individuals, which is greater than previously appreciated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Iron status of premenopausal women in a university community and its relationship to habitual dietary sources of protein.

Dietary intake and iron status was evaluated in 52 nonpregnant premenopausal women who were not using Fe supplements. Subjects were separated into three groups based on their habitual consumption of red meat (RM), fish and/or poultry (FP), or lacto-ovovegetarian (LV) sources of protein. No differences were observed among the groups in demographic characteristics (eg, age, height, weight, reported number of menstrual days per year) or total Fe intake. However, those women consuming red meat as their predominant source of protein demonstrated superior Fe status, especially reflected by higher serum ferritin concentrations (RM = 30.5 micrograms/L; FP = 15.6 micrograms/L; and LV = 19.1 micrograms/L). Thus, form rather than amount of dietary Fe appears to be most influential on Fe status; the basis for the distinctly lower Fe stores among heavy users of fish and/or poultry remains to be determined.

Adult↗