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Biomedical subjects

E R Chaplin

Publications and source records attributed to E R Chaplin.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Differential development of brainstem potentials in healty and high-risk infants.

Maturation along the brainstem acoustic pathway, as well as the integrity of these structures, has been shown to be reflected in brainstem evoked potential recordings. Trajectories formed from repeated sequential measurements of several brainstem response variables reveal distinct developmental curves for healthy and high-risk infants. Longitudinal analysis offers a means of determining temporary or permanent maturational effects on the central nervous system in early life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Contrasts in brainstem function between normal and high-risk infants in early postnatal life.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded from healthy and high-risk infants at selected ages throughout their first year of life. Amplitude and latency measurements of peaks I, III and V were treated in a series of multivariate analyses of variance. Significant main effects for age (newborn, 3 wk, 6 wk, 3 mth, 6 mth and 1 yr), group (healthy, risk) and peaks (amplitude and latency of BAEP waves I, III and V) were observed. In addition, the interaction between these factors proved statistically significant. As expected, the pattern of response amplitude and latency for the various peaks differed as a function of age. Moreover, healthy and risk infants revealed different maturational trends. These results indicate that infants born 'at risk' but free of severe auditory deficits and major neurological difficulties can be distinguished from healthy (age-matched) controls in terms of the BAEP throughout the first postnatal year.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of noninvasive and direct measurements of intracranial pressure.

After creating "fontanelles" in infant rhesus monkeys, we measured intracranial pressure of these monkeys directly with an indwelling cannula and indirectly with a Ladd 1700 sensor. Values obtained with the Ladd sensor placed over the shaven fontanelle closely approximate directly measured pressure in acute experiments in these animals and in human cadavers. Application of the device is simple and application pressure need not always be the same for multiple determinations. The response time is 1.6 cm H2O/sec, which is adequate to record changes in intracranial pressure caused by changes in the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in the preterm infant.

Between 1969 and 1978 we treated 22 low birth weight infants for delayed onset posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. All developed clinical signs of hydrocephalus after 2 weeks of age. The diagnosis was determined in 12 infants before August 1974, and they were treated by surgical placement of a shunt. In the ten infants born after September 1974, an attempt was first made to control the hydrocephalus with repeated lumbar puncture and diuretics prior to placing a shunt. In seven of the ten the hydrocephalus was successfully arrested by medical therapy alone. Follow-up assessments at 1 to 8 years of age were done on 18 infants. Two of the 12 treated by permanent shunts and three of six treated medically had an IQ score of 85 or greater. These results indicate a poor long-term outlook for the low birth weight infant who develops clinically overt hydrocephalus after intracranial bleeding.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1976

Transient hydrocephalus in premature infants: Treatment by lumbar punctures.

Three premature infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus were treated by removing large volumes of cerebrospinal fluid with repeated lumbar punctures. After this treatment, a computerised tomographic brain scan showed that ventricle size had decreased, and subsequent head growth was normal in all three patients. The results suggest that acquired hydrocephalus in premature infants may be transient and that ventricular shunts may not be necessary in all cases.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chronic pain: a difficult problem.

The author discusses the general problem of the small but significant population of people in whom pain persists for months or years after a precipitating event, such as a hand injury. The nature of pain, the perception of pain, and characteristics of chronic pain patients are discussed, as well as evaluation and treatment of chronic pain.

Chronic Disease↗