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Biomedical subjects

E Puchelle

Publications and source records attributed to E Puchelle.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Comparison of nasal and bronchial mucociliary clearance in young non-smokers.

1. Nasal and bronchial mucociliary clearance have been studied in ten non-smokers (aged 19-23 years). Nasal mucociliary transport was evaluated by measuring the transport rate of a single radioactive (99mTc) particle deposited on the nasal mucosa. Bronchial clearance was measured after inhalation of insoluble radioactive anionic particles (diameter 7.4 +/- 1.5 micrometer). The initial deposition of the aerosol and subsequent clearance over 1 h was monitored with a gamma-camera. 2. The initial particle deposition was concentrated centrally and was similar in all subjects. The percentage of the total deposition located in the central zone was 78.2 +/- 5.8. The range for nasal transport rate (0-12.6 mm/min) and bronchial mucociliary clearance (18.6-77.0%) was large. 3. An inverse relationship (rS = -0.63, P less than 0.05) was observed between nasal transport rate and bronchial clearance, suggesting that, in young non-smokers, the lower the rate of the nasal mucociliary transport the faster the bronchial mucociliary clearance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mucociliary frequency of frog palate epithelium.

The depleted frog palate epithelium is extensively used as a model for studying the transport velocity of mucus. It is speculated that the epithelium can be depleted of endogenous gel mucus without affecting the ciliary frequency, provided the sol phase where the cilia beat remains present. To control the stability of the ciliary frequency during the measurement of mucous transport velocity, we have used a photoelectric method for measuring mucociliary frequency and have carried out experiments in excised frog palates in different areas and at successive stages of depletion. From the distribution function of the mucociliary frequency obtained by the fast Fourier transform analysis, we have calculated the mean frequency (Fm) and the dispersion of the spectrum defined as spectrum width (Sw). Fm and Sw are similar in different areas throughout the zone selected for mucous transport velocity measurements. A significant decrease in Fm (21%) and parallel increase in Sw (22.8%) are observed at the stage of depletion, but the values return to normal when a drop of frog's mucus is added. These results suggest that the depleted frog palate is a good model for studying the in vitro transport rate of mucus and investigating the effects of mucus on ciliary frequency.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of terbutaline on mucociliary transport and sputum properties in chronic bronchitis.

A double-blind study with placebo control was carried out in 20 patients with chronic bronchitis to analyze the effect of oral terbutaline on mucociliary transport and sputum properties. Terbutaline (2.5 mg tablets) was given 3 times a day for 1 week. The clinical score, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) significantly improved after treatment with terbutaline and confirmed the bronchodilating action of this drug. The mucociliary clearance measured with a radioactive aerosol tracer did not significantly differ after treatment with terbutaline and placebo although the initial site of aerosol deposition was similar in the two groups before and after treatment. The viscoelastic properties of sputum and their in vitro transport rate on the frog palate were not modified by terbutaline. The decrease in sputum volume and serum albumin concentration suggests a bronchial anti-inflammatory effect of this medication.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1980

[Pathologic bronchial secretions and mucociliary transport].

The tracheo-bronchial tree is covered over its whole surface with a thin layer of bronchial secretions, consisting principally of high molecular weight glycoproteins: Mucins, and various proteins of secretory and serum origin. The special biochemical structure of these various macromolecular components endow the secretions with rheological properties of viscosity and elasticity essential for their transportation by ciliary activity. In chronic hypersecretory states, the equilibrium of secretion of various biochemical components is disturbed. The equilibrium of synthesis of mucins is modified and the content of proteins of secretory origin, such as IgAs is decreased. By contrast, the transudation of proteins of plasma origin, such as serum albumin is increase. These biochemical changes, which are very marked during periods of bronchial secondary infection, are accompanied most often by hyperviscosity and hypoelasticity of the secretions which results in slowing of mucociliary drainage and encourages the retention of secretions. In individuals suffering from chronic hypersecretion, abnormalities of bronchial secretions and their effects upon mucociliary function may be assessed by various methods of investigation: 1--biochemical and rheological analysis of the sputum; 2--measurement "in vitro" of the rate of transport in an animal model. 3--study "in vivo" of muco-ciliary clearance by a radio-isotopic technique. These tests are precious information determining both the indications and effects of treatment designed to improve the efficacy of mucociliary transport.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1980

Mucociliary transport in vivo and in vitro. Relations to sputum properties in chronic bronchitis.

In vivo and in vitro mucociliary clearance have been investigated in 27 patients with chronic bronchitis with relation to the rheological, cytobacteriological and biochemical characteristics of sputum. In normal subjects, the mean percentage of bronchial radioactivity cleared (PBRC) by mucociliary clearance was 30.1 +/- SD: 12.5. The patients studied were differentiated into two groups: 1) 10 patients showing a PBRC similar to that of the normal subjects (30.6 +/- SD: 14.3), 2) 17 patients with a markedly decreased mucociliary clearance (PBRC: 4.1 +/- SD: 4.2). In the healthy subjects, PBRC by coughing was significantly lower than by mucociliary clearance, while no consistent difference was observed in the patients. A weak but significant positive correlation (r = 0.53, P less than 0.01) was observed between in vivo mucociliary clearance and the relative transport rate of the sputum measured on the ciliated frog palate mucosa. The optimal rheological conditions for mucociliary transport were characterized by an apparent viscosity (eta 0) ranging from 25 to 180 poise, a strain recovery (SR) ranging from 4 to 12 units and an elastic modulus (G) ranging from 4 to 8 dyn/cm-2. The apparent viscosity and the elastic modulus G respectively, were significantly correlated with the concentration of serum albumin and of secretory IgA. Patients with a sputum leukocyte count higher than 3500/mm3 had a significantly decreased mucociliary clearance in comparison with non-purulent sputum patients.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1980

[Quantitative cytobacteriological study of sputum in chronic bronchitics (author's transl)].

A quantitative cytobacteriological study of sputum was carried out in 259 chronic bronchitics. In non-purulent sputum (leukocyte count lower than 2,000/mm3), flora identified was salivary in 73% of the cases. In purulent sputum (leukocyte count higher than 5 000/mm3), the most frequently identified predominant bacterial species were Haemophilus influenzae (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.5%). In the most severely ill patients, admitted to the intensive care unit, Haemophilus influenzae was rarely identified as a predominant bacteria (9.8%), whereas in 26.3% of the cases, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as the only bacteria present. In the less severely ill chronic bronchitis admitted to the medical department, the most common bacteria was Haemophilus influenzae (34.4%), Streptococci (19%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.8%). The leukocyte count in sputum was systematically higher in the patients admitted to the intensive care unit even when the mean bacterial concentration was identical to that observed in the patients in the medical department.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Influence of age on bronchial mucociliary transport.

Mucociliary clearance was measured in 19 healthy non-smoking male subjects, aged between 21 and 69, by analysing the decrease in bronchial radioactivity of an aerosol of resin particles (mean diameter 7.4 +/- 1.5 micrometers) labelled with 99mTc. The mucociliary clearance was expressed as the percentage of radioactivity eliminated after 1 h. The measurements were made on two occasions with an average time lapse of 5 weeks. The intra- and inter-individual coefficients of variation were 15.6% and 41.5% respectively. The mucociliary clearance was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) (mean 21.8 +/- s.d. 7.8%) in the older subjects (greater than 54 years) than that observed (mean 34.1 +/- s.d. 14.1%) in the younger subjects (21 to 37 years). A significant negative correlation (r=-0.472, P less than 0.05) was obtained between the ages of the healthy subjects and their mucociliary clearance. However, the fact that the results varied considerably within each age group suggests that factors other than age may have an effect on the mucociliary clearance.

Adult↗