Biomedical subjects

E Presterl

Publications and source records attributed to E Presterl.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Efficacy and safety of fluconazole in the treatment of systemic fungal infections in pediatric patients. Multicentre Study Group.

In a non-comparative multicentre trial 51 patients aged 24 days to 17 years received treatment with intravenous or oral fluconazole for suspected systemic fungal infections. Twenty-seven patients had confirmed infections, 26 being confirmed mycologically and 1 histologically. All isolates were Candida species. Of the 43 clinically assessed patients, 30 were considered cured, 7 improved and 6 experienced failure of therapy. Of 27 patients with confirmed fungal infections, 25 were assessed mycologically and all but one were considered cured. Of the six patients experiencing clinical failure, two had a confirmed infection and only one of these experienced mycological failure. This patient had a primary diagnosis of candidemia with persistence of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. All 51 patients were evaluable for safety. No treatment-related adverse events required termination of treatment. Treatment-related side effects (diarrhea, vomiting, deafness) were reported by three of 51 patients, three patients had laboratory test abnormalities possibly related to fluconazole treatment, including elevation of liver enzyme levels and of the eosinophil count. Results of this study confirm the efficacy and safety of fluconazole in the treatment of pediatric patients with severe fungal infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1993

The efficacy of teicoplanin in the treatment of endocarditis caused by gram-positive bacteria.

Twenty-six patients with endocarditis caused by Streptococcus viridans (n = 12), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 5), Streptococcus bovis (n = 2), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 4) were treated with teicoplanin at a dose of 600 mg/day in patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance 80-120 mL/min) and at a dose of 400 mg/day in patients with moderately impaired renal function (creatinine clearance < 75 mL/min). In nine patients valve replacements were performed. Twenty-one patients were cured by medical treatment with teicoplanin, five patients had a surgical intervention during treatment which was subsequently stopped. Overall, eighteen patients with native valve endocarditis were cured. Out of eight patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis six patients were cured. In one patient teicoplanin therapy was withdrawn because of clinical failure. One patient had a clinical relapse. All cultures taken from blood, endocardium and excised artificial valves were sterile after a minimum of seven days therapy. Side effects were seen in seven patients and included a moderate increase in liver enzymes and mild leucopenia. No renal toxicity was observed, trough serum levels of teicoplanin were not correlated with renal function, a slight accumulation of teicoplanin on day 28 being seen. Our study confirms that teicoplanin is effective as single agent therapy in the treatment of endocarditis due to Gram-positive bacteria.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Hypofibrinogenemia due to fibrin formation in subserosal type eosinophilic gastroenteropathy.

A 33-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and distention, diarrhoea and marked eosinophilia in blood and ascites. As other causes could be excluded, the subserosal type of eosinophilic gastroenteropathy was diagnosed. The low plasma fibrinogen level (less than 100 mg/100 ml) found in this patient is an as yet undescribed feature. During prednisolone therapy it increased concurrently with the fall of blood eosinophils and the relief of clinical symptoms. Interest was further directed to the ascitic fluid where not only the presence of eosinophils (74%) enveloped in fibrin yarn and of basophils (2%) but also of 24% T lymphocytes (among them 75% CD4+, 24% CD8+, 4% CD25+, less than 1% CD19+, less than 1% natural killer cells) could be demonstrated. These lymphocytes are likely to be the source for lymphokine production chemoattracting eosinophils into the intestine. In addition they seem to be involved in IgE hyperproduction, which after adequate therapy and complete resolution of the clinical symptoms, tended to decrease slowly.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Sequential parenteral and oral therapy with ofloxacin in urogenital infections].

125 hospitalized patients (56 men and 69 women) suffering from urinary tract infection (UTI) and 15 women with endometritis or pelvic inflammatory disease were treated with ofloxacin 6 mg/kg/d i.v. divided into 2 doses. Two thirds of the patients were switched to oral ofloxacin using the same dose regimen after 4 days. The median duration of treatment was 10 days. 98 patients were evaluable for efficacy: 45 had complicated lower UTI, 32 had upper UTI (75% of them with complications), 13 had endometritis and 8 an uncomplicated lower UTI. The most frequent complications of UTI were: obstruction (n = 27), indwelling catheters (n = 23), urinary concrements (n = 12), residual urine (n = 8) and a neurogenic bladder (n = 6). 22 patients had diabetes mellitus. A total of 103 pathogens was isolated from the urine of 85 patients, the most frequent being E. coli, Proteus spp. and Enterococcus faecalis. 98% of patients with UTI and 85% of patients with endometritis were clinically cured. Adverse drug events were observed in 6 patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Therapy of urinary tract infection].

The choice of therapy in urinary tract infections depends on the infection site, complications, previous history, and recrudescence. Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections which do not respond to general measures as increased fluid intake will be cured with antibiotics for 3 days. If the compliance of the patient is sufficient a single shot therapy may be applied. Infections of the upper urinary tract with typical signs such as fever, nausea and increase of the so-called acute phase proteins have to be treated with antibiotics for 7 to 14 days. When treating the first episode of urinary tract infection the choice of antibiotics is unimportant. Trimethoprim and quinolones are standard. In recurrent infections urine cultures and susceptibility testing are mandatory. Patients with recurrent urinary tract infections should receive a long-term suppressive therapy with low-dose trimethoprim or a quinolone. Patients with urinary catheters must not receive any long-term therapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

[Ineffectiveness of diltiazem in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a placebo-controlled double-blind study].

In a randomized double-blind study the clinical efficacy of the calcium channel blocker, diltiazem was compared to that of a placebo on the clinical course of Duchenne's dystrophy (DMD) over a 12-month period. Altogether 30 patients, mostly in an advanced state of the disease, were evaluated. The 17 patients in the diltiazem group received 90-360 mg diltiazem per day according to their body weight; the 13 patients of the placebo group received the equivalent amount of a placebo. No significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding muscular power, muscle state, muscular functional ability (Vignos), serum myoglobin and serum creative phosphokinase.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Intravenous ofloxacin in severe infections.

The efficacy and tolerance of intravenous ofloxacin was studied in 70 patients suffering from soft tissue infections (n = 33), intra-abdominal abscesses (n = 14), septicaemia (n = 12), pneumonia (n = 9) and brucellosis (n = 2). The average daily dose was 6 mg/kg divided into two doses. Pathogens treated included Enterobacter cloacae (n = 14), Escherichia coli (n = 12), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 13), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 11), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 10), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 8) and Streptococcus spp. (n = 5). Most patients had several underlying diseases. Most of the patients had received other antibiotic therapy without success. Clinically, 41% were considered cured, 19% improved and 30% failed to respond. Bacteriologically, pathogens were eradicated in 52.5% and persisted in 22.5%. Adverse reactions included an anaphylactoid reaction, abnormal liver function (n = 13) and insomnia (n = 2). This study suggests that higher doses of ofloxacin may be needed in deep seated infections.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Bacteriuria].

Bacteriuria remains the most important sign of urinary tract infection. A standardization of the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection requires a standard period of urine collection (4 hours), the correct collection of specimens, the determination of the number of bacteria by appropriate media (dipslide) and of urinary leucocytes. Test strips cannot replace the microscopy of the sediment. The therapeutic consequences result from the localization of the infection, the duration of treatment of cystitis is 1 to 4 days, of pyelonephritis 10 to 14 days.

Bacteria↗