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Biomedical subjects

E Plaum

Publications and source records attributed to E Plaum.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Not Available].

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History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of preventive group intervention for children of divorce].

Following the results of American intervention programs for children of divorce, the effects of a preventive group program for 10 to 12 year old children of divorced families were studied within a pretest-posttest design. The aim of the intervention was to decrease children's fears, increase their feelings of self-esteem and to improve the relationship to their parents. The program consists of 10 group-sessions about divorce related changes and experiences in the children families and 3 evenings for their parents. Subjects were 5 boys and 2 girls. The results show that after the intervention fears are decreased, feelings of self-esteem are increased and the subjective perception of the own family is more positive than before. The results are discussed in terms of the further development of interventions for children of divorce.

Child↗
PubMed1988

[Assessment of motivation for achievement in connection with rehabilitation measures].

Reported are the results obtained in assessing young brain-injured patients of a rehabilitation hospital (N = 39, male subjects). "Vocational therapists" had evaluated the patients relative to achievement and achievement motivation variables, and results of routine performance testing had also been available. The KEMB (Konstanzer Erfolgs-Misserfolgs-Batterie--Constancy success-failure battery) was administered in addition. Vocational therapists' ratings and KEMB findings permit the conclusion that the less severely disabled patients tend to hold unrealistically high objectives. Whereas results were found to be consistent in this patient group even across the different methods used for evaluating achievement motivation variables, this did not apply to the more severely disabled subjects. For this latter group, the KEMB achievement motivation findings show hardly any relation with the achievement motivation ratings given, but, rather, with specific performance tests used in organic brain damage and with duration of the condition. It seems that achievement motivation can in the less severely disabled subjects be understood in its usual sense; those with more severe disability on the other hand seem to strongly orientate their motivation on the specific deficits associated with the organic brain damage, thus arriving at possibly more reality-adjusted objectives. KEMB and progress in general performance within the rehabilitation programme--especially in the more severely disabled patients--are found to correlate much closer then is the case for the various performance tests administered routinely for outcome prediction.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

[Creativeness and performance strengths in schizophrenic patients].

Three positions concerning empirically detectable associations between (endogenous) psychosis and creativity are discussed: One which postulates a degeneration both in psychosis and creative people, another which tends to equalize creativity and psychosis and a third one which regards creativity as positive and psychosis as an illness. The latter position is well in accord with empirical results. These results are pointing to something which creativity has in common with psychosis. This common conditioning factor is probably a distinctive cognitive style and, depending on the specific context, presents itself either in a positive way (creativity) or as psychotic disorganisation.

Achievement↗
PubMed1985

[Cognitive disorders in endogenous psychoses].

Cognitive disorders of schizophrenics as well as subjects with affective psychosis were studied with the aid of 10 tests. Differences between schizophrenics and patients with affective psychosis could hardly be detected. Subgroup differences within the two broad diagnostic categories are pointing to the importance of the severity of illness. However, some differences between two small samples (N = 9) carefully matched with regard to several relevant aspects - especially concerning the severity of disorder - show that the diagnostic category is not wholly unimportant. Judged on the basis of these differences, there are probably no deficits of a fundamentally different nature; the assumption of divergent cognitive styles or defence mechanisms considering comparable basic deficits seems more plausible.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Significance of cognitive disorders in interaction with psychotic patients].

The results of psychologic psychosis research point to elementary disturbances in the reception and processing of information. Such impairments are usually not noticeable during routine psychiatric interviews. Attention is drawn to a few reasons for this discrepancy between research results and diagnosis of individual cases. Examples are quoted to show that it is quite possible to obtain information from the patients under certain conditions, allowing the treating physician to detect latent disturbances which can help to supplement available research results. At the end of the article, the author discusses the ensuing consequences when dealing with such patients.

Attention↗
PubMed1980

[Performance behaviour of the physically handicapped. Selected approaches and a comprehensive skeleton concept (author's transl)].

The article shows that psychology's current situation with its confusing variety of theories and methods and, accordingly, heterogeneous examination findings, is also reflected in the discussion about the performance behaviour of the physically handicapped. This fact made it necessary to apply different concepts of the so-called normal psychology to this particular field. On the basis of limited approaches which place organic impairments - perceptual disorders and motor disturbances due to organic brain damage - in the foreground, a description of other research lines is crried out, which not only permit the taking into account of the performance aspects, but also motivational, interpersonal and social viewpoints. The continuous expansion of this field of consideration results in a skeleton concept which encompasses the whole of the person-environment relations and not only individual and isolated fields. In this connection the methodical consequences of this concept, i.e., the attempt to create biotic study situations, are discussed. It is hoped that in the future such new psychological approaches will also assist in the practical study of problems of the physically handicapped.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1980

[A noncompensating diagnostic method as a contribution to a syndrome-oriented approach in clinical psychology].

The problem of noncompensating combinations of two variables in two sample cases was treated in regard to clinical and diagnostical decisions. The given representation allows a clear registration of the wrong classifications due to a single test variable plus its decrease by noncompensating combinations. The net gain of correct classifications can be checked on significance by means of a binomial, respectively sign test.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1975

[Theories of cognitive disorder in schizophrenia based on psychological experiments (author's transl)].

Over the last few years, psychological experiments have provided a major contribution to research in schizophrenia. Historical, practical and theoretical grounds led to investigations mainly in the field of cognitive disorder. Independent psychological theories of schizophrenia emerged from the body of experimental results, at first restricted to mental performance of the patients but later generalized to center on the total problem of schizophrenia. In accordance with psychiatric thinking, psychologists favoured cognitive deficit as the essential schizophrenic characteristic which would possibly generate the basic symptomatology. Apart from methodological considerations, the main question arising is if this feature is truly typical of schizophrenia. The problem of the different concepts of schizophrenia has to be considered in this connection. A survey of theories of schizophrenia which are sufficiently consolidated by psychological experiments reveals that two lines of theoretical reasoning exist: one based on specific cognitive disorder, and the other where this is not the case. Encompassed by the first classification are the considerations of Bannister, Rodnick and Germezy, Shakow, McReynolds, Silvermann, L.J. Chapman, Payne, Mednick, and Epstein, as well as the interference theories (with the exception of Callaway's version)..

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantification of dementia-related disabilities in daily behavior with the DAFS (Direct Assessment of Functional Status): reliability and validity of a German test version].

The DAFS (Direct Assessment of Functional Status) is a new test for the assessment of competence of demented patients in situations of everyday life. The present study assesses objectivity, temporal stability, concurrent and discriminative validity of a German version of the DAFS. Sixteen patients with a DSM-III-R-diagnosis of dementia of the Alzheimer's type, 8 of which with a mild (MMSE 18-25) and 8 with a moderate (MMSE 12-17) dementia, and 8 control subjects without any symptoms of dementia (MMSE 28-30), matched with the patient groups in age, gender and education, were assessed three times within 3 weeks with the DAFS and once with the NOSGER (an ADL rating scale). The DAFS showed high objectivity (correlation between two test administrators r = .97) and stability (2 week retest reliability r = .98) and was able to discriminate significantly between the study groups and with a strong effect size. Correlations with the total score and the IADL subscale score of the NOSGER were high (r = .81 and r = .86, resp.), whereas correlations with the mood and the disturbing behavior subscale were much lower (both r = .54). This investigation could demonstrate that the DAFS is an objective, stable and valid test instrument. It has a high power to discriminate between demented and non-demented subjects as well as between various degrees of severity of illness. The test items are highly relevant for everyday functioning and the test itself is a good and necessary addition to the use of ADL or IADL rating scales.

Activities of Daily Living↗