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Biomedical subjects

E Pisani

Publications and source records attributed to E Pisani.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Kelfiprim, a new sulpha-trimethoprim combination, versus cotrimoxazole, in the treatment of urinary tract infections: a multicentre, double-blind trial.

A new combination of trimethoprim with a sulphonamide, named Kelfiprim, differs from cotrimoxazole in that: a) the sulpha drug is sulphamethopyrazine instead of sulphamethoxazole; b) the trimethoprim to sulpha ratio is 5:4 instead of 1:5; c) the presence of a long-acting sulphonamide allows the administration of a daily dose of one capsule, following an initial loading dose of two capsules; d) a reduced amount of trimethoprim is given, as compared to cotrimoxazole, without any decrease of efficacy. Kelfiprim [KP] was compared to cotrimoxazole [Co] in a multicentre double blind trial. Sixty four patients suffering from acute and chronic infections of the upper and lower urinary tract entered the study. Urine sterilisation and clinical improvement without relapses showed no differences from the two treatment groups. Tolerance was excellent except in two patients, one treated with KP and the other treated with Co, who showed a transient exanthema.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1982

Changes of cerebral density in dialyzed patients.

CT studies were made on 38 patients receiving different dialytic treatment, 10 patients with chronic renal failure not yet dialyzed, and 15 healthy subjects. No morphological modifications were observed. On the contrary, significant changes of density were demonstrated after a dialysis session in the population treated intermittently. In these patients the density values were similar to those registered in the controls 1-6 h after a dialysis session. End stage renal failure and CAPD patients always had normal density values. Therefore cerebral density changes are caused only by the intermittent dialytic treatment.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1982

Studies on brain density in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

30 patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis have been investigated by computerized tomographic (CT) scan. To evaluate possible cerebral alterations induced by dialysis, CT examinations were carried out before, immediately after and 6 h after the end of dialysis with an Evaluskop, which provides an objective precise evaluation of even slight variations in brain density. No morphological variations were noted after dialysis, while the brain density fell significantly during and after the treatment. A decrease in density was not observed in normal subjects or in patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis. The changes in the densitometric values of brain tissue suggest that there is a postdialysis gain in cerebral water linked to the intermittent treatment. CT may represent a simple reliable method for studying uremic encephalopathy and investigating the pathogenesis of the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Anatomical bases of peritoneal permeability: a reappraisal. Anatomy of peritoneum.

The peritoneal membrane consists of flat mesothelial cells linked together with digitations and containing vesiculae with pinocytic capacity, of endothelial cells (containing Weibel-Palade's bodies and vesiculae) and of an interstitial tissue consisting of a network of watery channels. The cellular structures of mesothelium and endothelium are characterized by tight and gap junctions or perhaps by macular junctions. The visceral peritoneum shows a prevalence of gap junctions, the pericysic veins contain only tight junctions while both types can be found in the arterioles. Two different ways for solute transport are theoretically possible: the vesicles of plasmalemma (via pinocytosis) and the junctions (via size-sieving effect). Studies with tracers did not furnish unequivocal data on this problem and did not clarify if these structures could be the equivalent of the pores of the Landis-Pappenheimer's theory. The studies of Karnowsky and Simionescu, using tracers, have in fact given opposite results.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal cefuroxime during peritoneal dialysis.

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime sodium, a new parenteral beta-lactam antibiotic, in 15 patients with stable chronic renal failure during intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD). Eight patients were administered 1 g cefuroxime as an intravenous bolus 1 h before the start of dialysis. Mean plasma levels of cefuroxime fell from 80 mcg/ml at 1 h to 40 mcg/ml at 6-8 h. At 24 h, concentrations were higher than 20 mcg/ml. In peritoneal fluid cefuroxime reached 16.7 mcg/ml at 1 h and 7.55 mcg/ml at 6 h. Seven patients received cefuroxime added to the dialysis solution at a dose of 2.5 g/10 liters. After 6 h of dialysis, cefuroxime reached plasma levels of 60 mcg/ml; after 24 h, concentrations were 37.5 mcg/ml. These results demonstrate that cefuroxime, administered by the i.v. route, easily diffuses from blood to peritoneal fluid and, from peritoneal fluid to blood when added to the dialysis solution. In both cases concentrations reached by cefuroxime are sufficient to treat peritoneal infections associated with peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Radical surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot: comparison between the effects of isoproterenol in IPPV and spontaneous-ventilation after surgical treatment (author's transl)].

The AA. studied 7 patients affected by Tetralogy of Fallot; their ages were between 4 and 20 years. At the end of the radical surgical correction we studied their haemodynamics. From the analysis of the data we found that using beta-agonist drugs (Isuprel 0.05 mcg x Kg x min) there were no change in the haemodynamic data when the patients were kept under positive pressure ventilation. In spontaneous ventilation we observed that the same data can raise the cardiac index of 22%, lower the total peripheral resistances (20%) and the pulmonary vascular resistances (8%) and the intrapulmonary shunt (8%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Acid-base balance on peritoneal dialysis.

Forty studies of acid-base balance during intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) and during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were performed on 20 patients who were receiving IPD with acetate buffer (5 patients), IPD with lactate buffer (5 patients), CAPD with acetate buffer (5 patients) and CAPD with lactate buffer (5 patients). Measurements of acetate, lactate and pyruvate levels in blood and dialyzate were taken at different times during dialysis; blood samples for blood gas analysis were drawn at the same times. Calculations of the kinetics of acetate, lactate and bicarbonate during IPD and CAPD were carried out according to the method of Tolchin [1977] but modified for PD. Thus it was possible to quantify the balance of the buffers, their mass transfer rates, bicarbonate generation and the percentage of buffer converted to HCO3. IPD kinetics of acetate and lactate were found to be similar, the main difference being a lower and significant percentage conversion of lactate to bicarbonate (45%) compared to that of acetate to bicarbonate (71%) (P < 0.005). On CAPD the kinetics of the two buffers was quite different: while the serum lactate level was always low (mean 0.97 +/- 0.33 mM/l), the acetate level was always high (mean 5.12 +/- 3.34 mM/l). Thus the utilization of the two buffers during "acute intermittent" treatment (IPD) and "continuous" treatment (CAPD) is different. On IPD there are no important differences between the two buffers, whilst on CAPD lactate seems to be better and safer than acetate; for instance, serum HCO3 values are relatively constant with lactate (27.7 +/- 2.13 mM/l) while with acetate there is a trend to exceed physiological values (29.5 +/- 1.7 mM/l). When acetate is used in the dialyzate for CAPD the concentration must be less than 38.5 mM/l.

Acetates↗
PubMed1980

[HbAlc in diabetic subjects in progressive deterioration of the metabolic situation].

Five subjects with type I and type II diabetes mellitus under worsening diabetic control were studied and their HbAlc levels were monitored over three months. There was a strong rise of HbAlc paralleling plasma glucose, while serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels do not rise significantly. These findings confirm that the glycosylation of haemoglobin in vivo reflects the mean blood glucose levels over the previous few weeks and suggest that the trouble of lipid metabolism in diabetes is a slower and more indirect expression of the derangement in diabetic control than HbAlc.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1979

[Prolactin after repeated intravenous injections of cimetidine].

To 4 normal women a bolus of mg 400 of cimetidine was injected intravenously once an hour for three hours in succession and plasma prolactin behaviour studied. No depletion in prolactin pituitary storage was observed in all subjects. The possible usefulness of cimetidine for clinical diagnostic purposes is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Experience with a new vascular prosthetic device (Sparks mandril) for periodic haemodialysis.

In eighteen months, eleven Sparks mandrils have been implanted in ten patients who presented serious vascular access problems. So far nine mandrils have been anastomosed and six are functioning. In one patient the apparatus, inserted in the right leg, clotted after 108 dialyses and was reinserted in the left arm; after a further forty dialyses the patient died from causes not connected with dialysis. Another patient's Sparks mandril thrombosed from infection on the fourth post-operative day. Using a single needle apparatus, 693 dialyses have been carried out with particular problems either for the patients or the grafts.

Adult↗