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Biomedical subjects

E Perucca

Publications and source records attributed to E Perucca.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Gyneco-obstetric aspects in women developing postpartum depression].

The relationship between different variables was studied related to pregnancy, labor, puerperium, newborn and breast-feeding with the development of a depressive disorders during pregnancy, in a sample of 125 pregnant women. No relationship it's found with the presence of disease during the gestation period, except urinary tract infection. The same happens with other variable of labor, puerperium and newborn, Nevertheless, the major stress situations (urgent cesarean section, use of anesthesia during labor, diseases of the newborn, etc.) systematically present a higher incidence of depression. It is observer a relationship between the development of a depressive disorders and a decrease of the natural lactation period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Depressive disorders during pregnancy and associated factors].

A group of 125 pregnant women is studied that is under the control of 2 urban and 1 rural health clinic, were it was found an incidence of 29% of depressive disorders. It is observed that three aspects are strongly related with this disorders: unwanted pregnancy, unsatisfactory couple relationships and personal back-ground with depression. A working model is proposed that seeks to comprehend this phenomenon in its entirety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Enantioselective effects of levodropropizine and dropropizine on psychomotor functions in normal volunteers: a placebo-controlled, double-blind comparative study.

Levodropropizine is the l-isomer of dropropizine, a racemic drug widely used as a cough suppressant. Compared with the racemate, levodropropizine retains equal antitussive activity but exhibits considerably lower central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects in animal models. In order to assess whether the same differential pharmacodynamic profile also applies to man, a double-blind placebo-controlled study was carried out to investigate the effects of single oral doses (60 and 120 mg) of levodropropizine and dropropizine on subjective alertness (scored on visual analogue scales), general tolerability and psychomotor function tests (cancellation, tapping, choice reaction times and critical flicker fusion frequency) in ten normal volunteers. Treatments were administered in random sequence at intervals of at least one week, evaluation procedures being carried out at times 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 h after dosing. Following intake of a 60 mg levodropizine dose, subjective effects and objective estimates of psychomotor function were superimposable to those recorded after placebo. There was a trend for 60 mg dropropizine and 120 mg levodropropizine to produce detrimental effects at occasional evaluations, although the changes associated with these treatments could not be differentiated from placebo on the basis of most subjective scores and psychomotor function tests. Conversely, administration of 120 mg dropropizine was consistently associated with subjective CNS impairment and with reduced performance (compared to baseline) in recognition time, critical flicker fusion thresholds and possibly tapping rate, for up to three hours after dosing. These data are consistent with evidence that racemic dropropizine adversely affects central nervous system function to a greater extent compared with the levo-isomer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vigabatrin does not affect the intestinal absorption of phenytoin in rat duodeno-jejunal loops in situ.

The antiepileptic drug vigabatrin (GVG) is known to decrease significantly the serum concentration of concurrently administered phenytoin (PHT) in epileptic patients. To assess a possible mechanism for this interaction, the effect of GVG on the intestinal absorption of PHT was investigated by means of circulation experiments in an in situ rat duodeno-jejunal loop. GVG did not affect the rate of disappearance of PHT from the loop perfusing medium, providing evidence against occurrence of GVG-induced impairment of PHT absorption.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1992

Impairment of carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide elimination by valnoctamide, a valpromide isomer, in healthy subjects.

The effect of the valpromide isomer valnoctamide (VCD, 200 mg three times daily for 8 days), an over-the-counter tranquillizer, on the elimination kinetics of a single oral dose of carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide (CBZ-E, 100 mg) was investigated in healthy subjects. During VCD treatment, the half-life of CBZ-E was prolonged significantly compared with control (19.7 +/- 6.7 h vs 6.9 +/- 2.0 h, means +/- s.d., P less than 0.01), and its oral clearance decreased four-fold (from 109.6 +/- 30.7 to 28.8 +/- 11.1 ml h-1 kg-1, P less than 0.01). These findings indicate that VCM, like valpromide, strongly inhibits epoxide hydrolase in vivo.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Six-year follow-up study on the efficacy and safety of vigabatrin in patients with epilepsy.

Twenty-five patients with epilepsy (mostly with partial seizures) who had responded favourably to a short-term trial of add-on vigabatrin entered maintenance treatment. After 52 to 78 months, 15 patients continue to take the drug with good therapeutic response. Median monthly seizure frequency during the last 2 months on vigabatrin in all patients, including drop-outs, was 3.5 (range 0-74) as compared with 10 (range 3-98) during an initial placebo period (p < 0.01). Drop-outs were caused by adverse events in 2 cases (ataxia and psychotic symptoms respectively), seizure breakthrough in 4 cases and reasons unrelated to treatment in 4 patients. In most patients, side effects were absent or mild, the most frequent complaint being weight gain. It is concluded that the antiepileptic efficacy and good clinical tolerability of vigabatrin are generally maintained during long-term treatment for up to 6 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Elevation of plasma phenytoin by viloxazine in epileptic patients: a clinically significant drug interaction.

The effect of viloxazine (150-300 mg daily for 21 days) on plasma phenytoin levels at steady state was examined in 10 epileptic patients stabilised on a fixed phenytoin dosage. After starting viloxazine treatment, plasma phenytoin concentrations increased by 37% on average (range 7-94%) from a mean value of 18.8 micrograms/ml at baseline to a mean value of 25.7 micrograms/ml during the last week of combined therapy. In four patients the rise in plasma phenytoin was associated with the development of signs of phenytoin toxicity. Discontinuation of viloxazine resulted in return of plasma phenytoin towards baseline values and disappearance of the clinical symptoms. The mechanism of interaction probably involves inhibition of phenytoin metabolism by viloxazine. Careful monitoring of plasma phenytoin levels is recommended in patients treated with phenytoin who need to be started on viloxazine therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacokinetics of silybin in bile following administration of silipide and silymarin in cholecystectomy patients.

The biliary excretion of silybin, the main active component of silymarin, was evaluated by using a specific HPLC method in 9 cholecystectomy patients with T-tube drainage following single oral doses of silipide (CAS 134499-06-2), a lipophilic silybin-phosphatidylcholine complex (IdB 1016), and of silymarin (120 mg, expressed as silybin equivalents). After intake of silipide, the concentration of silybin in bile reached a peak within 4 h and declined thereafter with a mean time of about 10 h. After administration of silymarin, biliary silybin concentrations were several-fold lower than those observed after intake of silipide. The bile collected after silymarin intake also contained considerable amounts of isosilybin (a silybin isomer) and very low levels of silydianin and silycristin. The amount of silybin recovered in bile in free and conjugated form within 48 h accounted for 11% of the dose after silipide and for 3% of the dose after silymarin. Plasma silybin concentrations, determined in 3 subjects, were several-fold lower than those in bile after intake of silipide and mostly undetectable after intake of silymarin. These data indicate that the bioavailability of silybin is much greater after administration of silipide than after administration of silymarin. This results in increased delivery of the compound to the liver, which represents the target organ for pharmacological action.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Eclampsia at the Rancagua Regional Hospital].

Forty-four cases of eclampsia with an incidence of 2.3 in 1,000 deliveries were analyzed. The major frequency was in primiparas (81.8%) and were less than 19 years old (54.5%). Convulsions occurred during pregnancy in 65.9% of patients, during labor 6.8% and 11.4% postpartum. In 91% of patients a cesarean section was performed. The most frequent indication was low pelvic score. The 61.4% of the labor occurred at 37 weeks or less. Perinatal mortality was 2.3% (one new born of 1,340 g death in the neonatal period). We don't have maternal mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study of free plasma choline levels following intramuscular administration of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine and citicoline in normal volunteers.

L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (alpha-GPC) is a recently developed cognitive enhancer whose mode of action is considered to involve the release of free choline, which is then utilized for acetylcholine and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in the brain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile of free plasma choline levels following a single i.m. dose of alpha-GPC in 12 normal volunteers. Citicoline (CTC), which also acts as a choline precursor, was included for comparison purposes. Each subject was studied on three randomized occasions, (i) in a control day in the absence of drug administration (to evaluate the plasma level profile of endogenous choline), (ii) after i.m. alpha-GPC (1,000 mg) and (iii) after i.m. CTC (1,000 mg) respectively, with a wash-out period of at least 1-week between sessions. Blood samples for plasma choline HPLC determinations were collected at regular intervals over a 6 h period. In the control session, plasma choline levels remained stable during the sampling period. The administration of alpha-GPC was associated with a rapid rise in plasma choline, peak levels being usually observed at the first (0.25 h) or second (0.5 h) sampling time after the injection. Thereafter, the concentration of choline declined gradually and returned to near baseline values at the end of the observation period. After the administration of CTC, plasma choline levels showed a similar time course but were considerably lower than those observed after the administration of alpha-GPC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative comparison of barbiturates in essential hand and head tremor.

The tremorolytic effects of primidone and phenobarbital in essential tremor of hands and head were compared in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Quantitative measurements of tremor were obtained in 15 patients by means of an accelerometric method. Only primidone proved to be superior to placebo in reducing hand tremor, suggesting that its tremorolytic effectiveness is largely dependent on the parent drug rather than its metabolite phenobarbital. Head tremor tended to improve only in three out of six patients with both primidone and phenobarbital, but, likely due to the small number of affected patients, the effect failed to reach statistical significance.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Daytime sleepiness in healthy university students: a multiparametric study.

A multiparametric investigation of daytime sleepiness was performed in 18 healthy young university students. After undergoing a standard polysomnographic recording at home the night before, all subjects were evaluated by Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) at 10.00, 12.00, 14.00, 16.00, 18.00. Subjective sleepiness (by using Visual Analogue Rating Scale) and performance tasks (Cancellation Test, Digit Symbol Substitution, Choice Reaction Time, Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold) were also assessed at the same times. Mean daily sleep latency was found to be about 10 minutes, with several individual values in the borderline range (greater than 5 less than 10 minutes). Subjects did not rate themselves as excessively sleepy and there was no correlation between subjective and objective estimates of sleepiness. No consistent correlation was found between subjective-objective sleepiness and results of performance tests. Anxiety trait (Spielberg State Anxiety Trait) did not correlate with sleepiness, but higher anxiety scores were significantly associated with poor performance. These results confirm the occurrence of fairly marked objective drowsiness in healthy young subjects which, however, was not associated with subjective sleepiness and did not adversely affect performance on a variety of tests of CNS function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Protective effect of cyanidin (IdB 1027) against aspirin-induced fall in gastric transmucosal potential difference in normal subjects.

The effect of the natural flavonoid cyanidin (IdB 1027), 1200mg daily for 8 days, on the fall in gastric transmucosal potential difference induced by a single dose of aspirin (1000mg by nasogastric tube) was evaluated in 7 normal male volunteers. As compared to pretreatment values, IdB 1027 caused a significant reduction in both the percentage fall in transmucosal potential difference at the time of peak aspirin effect (from 37 +/- 18% to 18 +/- 5%, p less than 0.05) and the area under potential difference baseline (from 811 +/- 624 mvolt. min to 338 +/- 150 mvolt. min, p less than 0.05). These results provide evidence for a protecting effect of IdB 1027 against aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Myocardial infarction and pregnancy].

We show a clinic case of a female patient 42 years old that suffered a myocardial infarction by coronary spasm, while she was in her 30th and a half weeks of gestation. We analyze the bases of the diagnostic its evolution and the neonatal complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Spontaneous liver rupture in pregnancy-induced hypertension].

Spontaneous rupture of liver during pregnancy is associated with a very high maternal mortality. This lesion is an unusual complication of the preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome. We report the case of a 34 years old woman who suffered this complication; responding satisfactorily after conservative surgical treatment.

Adult↗