Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to E Pedersen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Migration pattern of a short femoral neck preserving stem.

UNLABELLED: The CFP stem represents a short collared neck-retaining stem with very proximal metaphyseal anchoring along the calcar combined with up-to-date metallurgy. Despite theoretical advantages, the stability and clinical outcome are unknown. We prospectively measured the migration pattern of this new stem and cup. Twenty-six patients (26 hips) with a mean age of 54 years (range, 40-66 years) underwent THA and were followed for 2 years with radiostereometry, radiographs, and clinical scores. The stem showed some early retroversion (mean, SEM 0.6 degrees, 0.3), but stabilized before 1 year. Subsidence (0.05 mm, 0.06) and varus-valgus tilting (0.03 degrees, 0.01) were low. We observed no bone loss in the calcar region. Factors related to patients, implant design, and implantation did not predict migration patterns. The two-dimensional wear of the ceramic/conventional articulation was 0.09 mm at 2-24 months. The low migration of this short neck preserving stem suggests a favorable long-term outcome but longer followup is needed to substantiate this prediction. This design might become an alternative to standard stems and hip resurfacing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See The Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effects of soy supplementation on blood lipids and arterial function in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.

BACKGROUND: Studies on soy supplementation suggest a cardioprotective potential. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects on LDL cholesterol and arterial function as a result of dietary enrichment with soy supplementation. DESIGN: A Randomized, double blind, parallel intervention trial. SETTING: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism C, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark. SUBJECTS: In all, 100 hypercholesterolaemic but otherwise healthy subjects were included in the study of which 89 completed it. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomly assigned to 24 weeks of daily intake of either a soy supplement, Abalon (30 g soy protein, 9 g cotyledon fibre and 100 mg isoflavones) or placebo (30 g of casein). The soy supplement and placebo were provided in two sachets daily that were stirred in water. Fasting plasma lipids, TNF-alpha, homocysteine, insulin sensitivity, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), serum insulin, serum glucose, blood pressure as well as Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and plasma lipids to a fat-rich meal were recorded before and after the intervention. In a sub study in 32 subjects, arterial dilatory capacity, compliance, and distensibility were recorded before and after the intervention. RESULTS: In the main study, no difference in fasting plasma lipid levels or insulin sensitivity was found between soy-based supplement and placebo. A significant postprandial increase in GIP to the meal test was observed in the soy group (P < 0.05). In a substudy, no difference between the groups in changes in flow-mediated vasodilatation (P = 0.84) was detected, while the soy supplementation caused a reduction in LDL and total cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: No significant effects on blood lipids were observed in the main study to a soy supplementation in hypercholesterolaemic subjects after 24 weeks. In the substudy, the soy supplementation, however, reduced LDL and total cholesterol but did not influence markers of arterial function.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed2001

Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: The KANWU Study.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The amount and quality of fat in the diet could be of importance for development of insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders. Our aim was to determine whether a change in dietary fat quality alone could alter insulin action in humans. METHODS: The KANWU study included 162 healthy subjects chosen at random to receive a controlled, isoenergetic diet for 3 months containing either a high proportion of saturated (SAFA diet) or monounsaturated (MUFA diet) fatty acids. Within each group there was a second assignment at random to supplements with fish oil (3.6 g n-3 fatty acids/d) or placebo. RESULTS: Insulin sensitivity was significantly impaired on the saturated fatty acid diet (-10%, p = 0.03) but did not change on the monounsaturated fatty acid diet (+2%, NS) (p = 0.05 for difference between diets). Insulin secretion was not affected. The addition of n-3 fatty acids influenced neither insulin sensitivity nor insulin secretion. The favourable effects of substituting a monounsaturated fatty acid diet for a saturated fatty acid diet on insulin sensitivity were only seen at a total fat intake below median (37E%). Here, insulin sensitivity was 12.5% lower and 8.8% higher on the saturated fatty acid diet and monounsaturated fatty acid diet respectively (p = 0.03). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) increased on the saturated fatty acid diet (+4.1%, p < 0.01) but decreased on the monounsaturated fatty acid diet (MUFA) (-5.2, p < 0.001), whereas lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] increased on a monounsaturated fatty acid diet by 12% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A change of the proportions of dietary fatty acids, decreasing saturated fatty acid and increasing monounsaturated fatty acid, improves insulin sensitivity but has no effect on insulin secretion. A beneficial impact of the fat quality on insulin sensitivity is not seen in individuals with a high fat intake (> 37E%).

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) pneumonia in beef calf herds despite vaccination.

The present report describes the clinical, pathological, serological and virological findings in calves from 2 larger Danish beef herds experiencing outbreaks of pneumonia. The calves had been vaccinated with an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine 2 months prior to the outbreak. The clinical signs comprised nasal discharge, pyrexia, cough and increased respiratory rates. A total of 28 calves died in the 2 herds. The laboratory investigations revealed that BRSV was involved and probably initiated both outbreaks. Furthermore, the serological results suggested that the vaccine induced only sparse levels of antibodies probably due to the presence of maternally derived antibodies at the time of vaccination. Necropsy findings in 5 calves revealed changes typical for infectious pneumonia with involvement of BRSV. In conclusion, vaccination of calves against BRSV in 2 Danish beef herds failed to protect the calves against severe or even fatal BRSV mediated respiratory disease 2 months later.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Gait disturbance interpreted as cerebellar ataxia after MMR vaccination at 15 months of age: a follow-up study.

Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination was included in the Danish childhood vaccination programme in 1987. During the following 10-y period, 550 notification records of adverse events after MMR vaccination at 15 mo of age have been registered, and a total of 41 notifications have included "gait disturbance". This corresponds to a frequency of 8 per 100,000 doses of MMR vaccine used for 15-mo-old children. The symptoms and signs are characteristic of cerebellar ataxia. In 28 notifications, the descriptions by the doctors included only "gait disturbance", while in 13 an additional interpretation was included. Thirty-two parents (78%) filled in a questionnaire and 26 (63%) agreed to participate in a clinical follow-up study. The gait disturbance symptoms mainly occurred 7-14 d after the vaccination, and the duration was median 1-2 wk (range 1 d to more than 4 mo). One-third of the children had symptoms lasting more than 2 wk. Significantly more children with long duration of symptoms had some kind of complaint or clinical signs at the follow-up in 1997. Gait disturbance registered after MMR vaccination seems to be more frequent than hitherto reported. Most cases are mild and short-lasting and a longer duration of symptoms seems to be predictive of late sequelae. A clinical diagnosis of cerebellar ataxia after MMR and the exact frequency of this adverse event remains to be tested in prospective studies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of the effects of a monounsaturated fat diet and a high carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives to type-2 diabetic subjects.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have demonstrated beneficial metabolic effects of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in Type-2 diabetes mellitus (Type-2 DM). The question arises if dietary MUFA also has desirable effects on risk markers in subjects with high risk of developing Type-2 DM. SETTING: University department of endocrinology. SUBJECTS: Sixteen healthy, first-degree relatives (six men, 10 women, age (mean+/-s.d.): 35+/-2 years) with normal oral glucose tolerance tests. INTERVENTIONS: Randomised study with two 4-week treatment periods with either a carbohydrate-rich (CHO) diet (55 E% carbohydrate, 30 E% fat, 15 E% protein) or a diet rich in olive oil [MUFA 40 E% fat (25 E% as MUFA), 45 E% carbohydrate, 15 E% protein]. The periods were divided by a 4-week wash-out period. RESULTS: Similar lowering effects on total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride and apoB levels were seen after the two diets. Slightly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (1.4+/-0.4 vs 1.3+/-0.4 mmol/l, P<0. 0001) and apoA-1 (1.2+/-0.3 vs 1.1+/-0.3 mmol/l, P<0.05) were found in the MUFA-diet. Furthermore, the insulin sensitivity, as assessed by Bergman's minimal model, and the first response insulin areas were similar, as were the 24-h blood pressures and the von Willebrand Factor (vWF) levels. CONCLUSIONS: Isocaloric diets rich in MUFA or rich in carbohydrate, respectively, seem to have similar effects on cardiovascular risk factors in persons at high risk of developing Type-2 DM. A potential risk, however, on body weight of high-fat diets should be kept in mind. SPONSORSHIP: This study was supported by grants from the Danish Diabetes Association, Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Aarhus University, The Danish Heart Foundation, The Danish Medical Research Council, Velux Foundation, Poul and Erna Sehested Hansens Foundation, Mogens Svarre Mogensens Foundation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Measurement of dose rate at the interface of cell culture medium and glass dishes by means of ESR dosimetry using thin films of alanine.

Previous studies on human cervical cancer cells (NHIK 3025) have indicated that the cells, when X-irradiated in suspension, appeared to be more radiosensitive than when they were irradiated attached to glass dishes. However, this result depends on dosimetry, which is difficult in the situation where cells are attached to glass dishes due to backscattering electrons at the glass-liquid interface. Recently developed dosimetry that is based on detection of radiation-induced stable radicals in alanine and uses ESR spectroscopy offers a possibility for more relevant dosimetry at the glass-liquid interface than the previous estimates of doses based on Fricke dosimetry. Thin alanine films (>/=10 microm) were used to measure dose at the interface by irradiating the films while they were placed tightly against the bottom of dishes and covered with 1 mm of wax simulating the medium above cells. Fricke dosimetry was also performed, with different depths of Fricke solution in the dishes, to elucidate the contribution to the dose delivered by backscattering electrons at the glass-liquid interface. A dose rate of 1.9 Gy/min was measured with a thin layer (0.2-0.3 mm) of Fricke solution in petri dishes made of glass. However, this estimate appears to be too high, due to a contribution to dose by short-ranged electrons generated when the X rays passed through a steel lid 4.5 cm above the dishes. Dosimetry using alanine films resulted in dose rates of 1.15 and 0.87 Gy/min at the interfaces of glass-liquid and plastic- liquid, respectively. Hence there is a significant contribution to dose from backscattering electrons on dishes made of glass. The reason for our previous observation of a difference in radiosensitivity between cells irradiated in suspension and cells irradiated attached to glass appears to be a lack of accurate dosimetry at the glass-liquid interface.

Alanine↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of a carbohydrate-rich diet and diets rich in stearic or palmitic acid in NIDDM patients. Effects on lipids, glycemic control, and diurnal blood pressure.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects on lipid levels, glycemic control, and diurnal blood pressure of two diets rich in one of the two quantitatively most important saturated fatty acids, stearic and palmitic acid, with a carbohydrate-rich diet in NIDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 15 NIDDM patients participated in a randomized crossover study with three 3-week diet interventions separated by 2-week washout periods. Patients started with a diet rich in stearic acid (44 E% [percent of total energy] fat [13 E% stearic acid], 40 E% carbohydrate, 15 E% protein), palmitic acid (45 E% fat [16 E% palmitic acid], 40 E% carbohydrate, 15 E% protein), or carbohydrate (29 E% fat, 51 E% carbohydrate, and 18 E% protein), then were shifted to the other two diets in a randomized block design. At the start and end of each intervention period, fasting blood samples were drawn for analysis of lipids and blood glucose. In addition, diurnal blood pressure was measured. RESULTS: At the end of the 3-week interventions, total cholesterol was significantly higher after the palmitic acid-rich diet than after the stearic acid-rich or carbohydrate-rich diets (5.3 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.0 +/- 1.2 and 4.9 +/- 1.2 mmol/l, respectively; P = 0.03). No significant differences in triglyceride, LDL, or HDL cholesterol levels were seen after the three intervention diets. No difference in effects between the diet periods were seen for fructosamine, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, or diurnal blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, it has been demonstrated that a diet rich in palmitic acid was not as effective in lowering cholesterol levels as carbohydrate-rich and stearic acid-rich diets in NIDDM patients. No deleterious effects were seen on diurnal blood pressure, triglyceride levels, and glycemic control. Development of foods containing stearic acid rather than the more atherogenic saturated fatty acids may allow a wider choice of acceptable foods to NIDDM patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of standardized methods for registration of time-dependent orthodontic tooth movements.

An in vitro study was conducted to compare reproducibility of repeated recordings obtained from devices constructed for standardized registrations. An existing radiographic method and a new photographic technique were employed. On five in vitro models, half of the maxilla from dry skulls, special designed splints with a Troll-biten film holder were constructed. A stiff metal bar attached to the splints and to either an X-ray apparatus or a standard photographic camera made it possible to obtain standardized registrations. For each model 10 radiographs and photographs were taken before and after the canine was moved. Subtracting the values from well defined points for these pictures, 10 pairs of coordinates were available for each of the models with both methods. The findings showed very similar reproducibility for the two methods with 95 per cent of the discrepancies within a magnitude of 0.12 mm for the radiographic method and 0.14 mm for the photographic method. When evaluating the canine movements, similar results were observed. No significant difference could be detected in the five in vitro models. In addition, the results showed that a splint can be used as a stable reference for registration of tooth movements. Because of ethical objections to unnecessary radiation, the photographic registration technique might substitute the radiographs in future investigations where standardized periodic records are necessary for the description of tooth movement.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Influence of diltiazem on renal function and rejection in renal allograft recipients receiving triple-drug immunosuppression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

In a prospective, randomized and placebo-controlled study we evaluated the influence of treatment with the calcium-channel blocker diltiazem on the course and results of cadaveric kidney transplantation in 39 graft recipients. The grafts were reperfused with Euro-Collins solution containing diltiazem 20 mg/l. All recipients except those in chronic treatment with a calcium-channel blocker received preoperatively a bolus of diltiazem or placebo 0.3 mg/kg and in all an infusion of diltiazem or placebo 3 mg/kg/24 h was started preoperatively. After that, diltiazem or placebo was given orally for 3 months. Donors were not treated. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of prednisone, azathioprine and CsA. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning donor or recipient characteristics, HLA-mismatching, and ischaemic time. Thrombosis leading to graft loss occurred in 3 recipients (diltiazem:2, placebo:1) and one graft was lost due to septicaemia (diltiazem). For the remaining 35 grafts no beneficial effect of treatment with diltiazem was found for the rate of delayed graft function, the rate of rejections, time to first rejection, whole blood CsA concentration, or graft function. The CsA dose needed to reach target whole blood concentration was significantly less in the diltiazem group. In conclusion, our results do not indicate any beneficial effects of treatment with diltiazem in cadaveric kidney transplantation, except a reduction of costs because of a significant reduction of the CsA dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Intravenous versus subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin in patients on haemodialysis and CAPD.

The most effective route of administration of rHuEpo is still a matter of discussion. Prospectively we studied subcutaneous (s.c.) versus intravenous (i.v.) administration in three comparable groups of patients; HD-s.c. (n = 9), HD-i.v. (n = 11), and CAPD-s.c. (n = 9). All the groups initially received 50 units/kg three times weekly. During the first 8 weeks dose adjustments were made only if target haemoglobin exceeded 11.3 g/dl (7 mM). Target haemoglobin was reached after 84 (42-98) days in the i.v. group and 42 (14-77) and 42 (28-56) respectively in the HD-s.c. and CAPD groups. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Even the cumulative doses to reach target haemoglobin were significantly less in the two s.c. groups. To maintain haemoglobin at about 11.3 g/dl, weekly doses were as follows: HD-i.v. 125 U/kg (86-168), HD-s.c. 63 U/kg (20-85), and CAPD 72 U/kg (31-100). The total observation time after the target haemoglobin level was reached, was median 130 (114-264) days. The difference between the i.v. group and the two s.c. groups was statistically significant, (P less than 0.05) whereas there was no difference between the s.c. groups. We conclude that s.c. administration of rHuEpo is more effective in induction as well as in maintenance therapy and that s.c. administration is equally efficient in HD and CAPD patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Tooth displacement analysed on human autopsy material by means of a strain gauge technique.

Tooth displacement was analysed on human autopsy material for various types of orthodontic force systems using an electronic strain gauge technique. Tooth movements were registered in two dimensions with low force clip gauges on three sections of the mandible, containing the first premolar and the first molar. The sensitivity was 0.1 microns when horizontal forces of 50, 100, and 150 cN were applied at different horizontal levels producing different M/F ratios. The relationship between a force system and the resulting tooth movement was described by the position of the centre of rotation, CR, and the angle of rotation. The centre of resistance was determined for the three autopsy specimens, and depended on tooth geometry, root length, and level of bony margin. Important differences in location were found. The dynamics of initial tooth movement were analysed within the first minute of load application. Force/displacement curves were generated to evaluate the behaviour of the periodontal ligament. There was a linear correlation between the two variables. Freezing the autopsy material some days before testing had no detectable effect. The results from measurements on human autopsy material were compared with previously derived in vivo measurements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Location of centres of resistance for maxillary anterior teeth measured on human autopsy material.

The location of the centre of resistance (CR) of various consolidated units of maxillary anterior teeth was determined in this study using human autopsy material. The units studied consisted of two central incisors, four incisors, and six anterior teeth. When horizontal forces were applied the CR for the two- and six-tooth units was located approximately 6.5 mm apical to the bracket position. For the four-tooth unit, CR was placed slightly more occlusally, the distance being 5.0 mm. Applying vertical forces CR was located about 13.0 mm posterior to the bracket position for the two- and four-tooth unit. The incorporation of the canines into the incisor segment resulted in a distal shift of CR of 6 mm. CR for the six anterior teeth was, thus, located on a line 3 mm behind the distal surface of the canines. Increasing force levels had little effect on the location of CR for a given unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline in relation to consumption of raw and cooked vegetables in a Danish rural population.

Several recent case-control studies of gastric cancer have demonstrated the protective effect of consumption of vegetables. According to Correa's model of gastric carcinogenesis, the initiating agent is N-nitroso compounds either ingested or formed in vivo. In our study of endogenous nitrosation, we measured intragastric formation of N-nitroso compounds in 285 individuals by the nitrosation of proline; in this presentation we analysed the effect of consumption of vegetables on urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). When adjustment was made for the dominating determinants of NPRO excretion (total nitrate intake and tobacco smoking), a marked difference in the effects of consumption of raw and cooled vegetables was seen: consumption of cooked vegetables increased endogenous nitrosation of proline, while consumption of raw vegetables had only a marginal effect. We suggest that the difference between raw and cooked vegetables is due to destruction of ascorbate in the cooking of the vegetables. The lack of a protective effect of consumption of raw vegetables on the rate on endogenous nitrosation of proline indicates, however, that the determinants of nitrosation of proline and the determinants of gastric cancer risk may be different.

Cooking↗
PubMed1990

[Helicobacter pylori infection among employees at the gastroenterologic section, Haukeland Hospital].

Using the C-14 urea breath test we estimated the gastric urease activity among 46 healthy Norwegians, all employed at the section of gastroenterology, Haukeland Hospital, Norway. The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori-infection (30.4%) is similar to that reported previously among healthy subjects outside hospitals. The tendency towards higher prevalence among the gastroenterologists (41.7%) may be accounted for partly by the preponderance of males in this profession. The results do not support the notion that gastroenterologists are more liable to attract gastric H pylori-infection than other hospital personnel.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Monitoring of renal allografts by Doppler ultrasound: precision and reference values.

The Doppler ultrasound method was used to obtain blood flow velocity curves from one of the large segmental arteries near the pelvis of transplanted renal allografts. The precision of the method for estimation of the pulsatility index (PI), the ratio between the peak systolic and the least diastolic velocity (A/B ratio) and the ratio of the are under the velocity curve of the first half and the second half of the cardiac cycle (AUC 1/2 ratio) was tested in vivo by examination of six renal allograft patients eight times. Two investigators examined each patient twice in random order upon two successive days. To investigate variation with time the same 10 patients were examined four times with 6-8 week intervals. To establish normal ranges for the PI, the A/B ratio and the AUC 1/2 ratio, a cross-sectional study of 54 patients with stable and well-functioning renal allografts was performed. No systematic variation was found between observers, days or repeated observations. The mean coefficient of variation was 8.3% for the pulsatility index, 5.8% for the A/B ratio and 14.9% for the AUC 1/2 ratio. The longitudinal study showed no systematic variation of the indices with time. For the 54 patients in the cross-sectional study the mean pulsatility index was 0.78, the mean A/B ratio 2.62 and the mean AUC ratio 1.82.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1990

Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of renal allograft rejection and in monitoring the effect of treatment.

Thirty-six consecutively transplanted renal allograft patients were prospectively monitored with ultrasound-Doppler examinations three times weekly during the first 3 weeks after transplantation. Although triple-immunosuppressive therapy consisting of cyclosporin A, azathioprine and prednisolone was used, acute rejection occurred in 11 patients. Nine patients had immediate onset of graft function and no rejection. Ten patients had acute tubular necrosis (ATN) without any signs of rejection and were treated with dialysis for 1-3 weeks after transplantation. Thrombosis of the renal artery was diagnosed in four patients. During rejection episodes pulsatility index (PI) was above normal range in all patients. In patients with mild to moderate ATN and PI was normal throughout the clinical course whereas two patients with severe ATN but no signs of rejection in the kidney biopsy also had high PI. It is concluded that serial Doppler velocity examination after kidney transplantation is a non-invasive, cheap and reliable method for monitoring of the graft. The method can be used in the early diagnosis of rejection, and it is of special value in monitoring grafts without function.

Azathioprine↗