Letter: Genetic heterogeneity recognized by Waardenburgh in 1935.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Passarge.
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Human diploid fibroblasts cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DME) were exposed to different concentrations of 15 antibiotics to determine the limiting toxic concentration. The number of cells surviving after antibiotic treatment was given as the index of toxicity. No visible chromosomal damage could be detected when half the maximal toxic concentration was applied. The maximum limiting concentration was found to be the same for both the preconfluent and postconfluent phases.
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This report describes the results from cultured lymphocytes studied at metaphase, anaphase, and interphase from an individual with a ring chromosome 4. A ring was present in 90.1% of metaphases. Special attention was directed towards the occurrence of derivative chromosomal structures, such as partially duplicated and triplicated rings, tricentric rings, chains of 3 interlocked rings, rod-shaped chromosomes, "pulverized" rings, and others. The clinical features of the individual (small stature and impaired mental development, hypoplastic thumbs, ptosis palpebrae hypoplastic external male genitalia, abnormal dermatoglphic pattern) did not conform to a specific phenotype.
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The discriminatory power of a quantitative heterozygote test for Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) which we have been using is analyzed on the presumption that a single rare mutant allele is involved in MSUD. Bayes theorem then predicts that only a small portion of persons from the general population with activities in the heterozygous range really are heterozygotes. In addition, overlap of heterozygous and normal homozygous activity distributions requires rather high activities in first-cousin matings of a patient's sib in order to obviate the necessity for prenatal diagnosis. Thus, the principle emerges that quantitative heterozygote tests for rare autosomal recessive diseases cannot fulfill the task they were designed for.
We report the alpha1-antitrypsin phenotypes of 21 patients with sex chromosome mosaicism and their parents. The proportion of heterozygotes in the group of parents is significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than that proportion in both control groups. The maternal or paternal contribution to the statistical significance of this observation cannot be distinguished in our small sample of families.
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A child with the Larsen syndrome is described. His multiple malformations included a flattened nasal bridge and other unusual facial features, a cleft palate, a poorly developed larynx and dislocations involving several joints.
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