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Biomedical subjects

E Osborne

Publications and source records attributed to E Osborne.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Substitutions at the P2' site of gag p17-p24 affect cleavage efficiency by HIV-1 protease.

Heptapeptide substrates containing a single amino acid substitution at the p2' position of the gag p17-p24 junction (S-Q-N-Y-P-X-V where X = G, A, L, I, F, and W) were compared as substrates for HIV-1 protease. Binding of the Ile-, Leu-, and Ala- containing peptides was about equal although hydrolysis was 20-fold lower for the Ala and Leu peptides compared to Ile. Insertion of Gly or Phe at the p2' position resulted in significantly lower cleavage of the peptide while a Trp-containing peptide was not cleaved. These data suggest that a relatively small hydrophobic amino acid is important for hydrolysis and binding at this site. Structure-activity studies such as those described here may be useful in the design of specific inhibitors for HIV-1 protease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

A survey of otologic training in US residency programs.

Otologic cases are dwindling in numbers, jeopardizing the clinical training of our residents. A survey was performed to determine the magnitude of the problem facing our training programs. Seventy-three of 79 questionnaires distributed were returned. Results of the survey indicate that facial nerve decompression, exostosis repair, and stapedectomy were, on the average, infrequently performed by residents. Training for these seldom-performed procedures consists of temporal bone laboratory experience, close operative supervision, and the use of private patients for resident training. The majority (84%) of respondents did not feel that fellowship training was required to perform otologic surgery on graduation or that it should be required for obtaining hospital privileges in seldom-performed cases. Approximately three quarters (76%) of the program directors consider the training of seldom-performed procedures to be a moderate-to-serious problem facing otologic training today.

Exostoses↗
PubMed1987

HIV antigen testing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1985

Progress in low-LET heavy particle therapy: intracranial and paracranial tumors and uveal melanomas.

The Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory in collaboration with the Department of Radiation Medicine of the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Retina Service of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary provides low-LET heavy particle therapy with 160 MeV protons. The improved dose distribution of protons results from their physical characteristics. A total of 965 patients have been treated as of December 31, 1984. Dose is expressed in units of cobalt gray equivalent (CGE) which is the dose in Gy multiplied by the RBE (1.1) for modulated protons relative to 60Co radiation. Sixty-seven patients with chordomas or low-grade chondrosarcomas of the base of skull or cervical spine have received proton treatment. Forty-three of these patients have been followed for at least 8 months with a median follow-up of 27 months. The median dose is 69 CGE. The 3-year actuarial local control rate is 89%. Seven patients with gliomas, eight with craniopharyngiomas, and six with meningiomas have also received proton radiation treatments. A total of 615 patients with uveal melanomas have received a median dose of 70 CGE in five fractions. Tumor regression has been seen in 94% with 66% having vision of 20/100 or better.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1978

Effects of age, diet and lactation on lipogenesis in rat adipose, liver and mammary tissues.

Four diets varying in safflower oil content from zero to 20% were used in a study of interactions among diet and physiological state. Increasing fat in the diet did not alter food intakes but decreased digestibility coefficients. Increasing safflower oil intake did not alter milk fat content in lactating rats but increased relative amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat. In liver and perirenal adipose tissues from young male and non-lactating female rats, low fat diets increased rates of lipogenesis from glucose in vitro and specific activities of enzymes whose functions are closely associated with lipogenesis. This adaptive hyperlipogenic response was not evident or was less prominent in aged or lactating rats. In the case of lactating rats it appears that lactation produces a marked reduction in adipose lipogenesis when low fat diets are fed. Reduced glyceride glycerol synthesis in lactating as compared to non-lactating rat adipose coupled with reduced fatty acid synthesis and in increased lipolysis indicated a shift in adipose function in the direction of increased fat mobilization as would be supportive of lactation. Only minor diet effects upon mammary enzyme patterns and rates of in vitro lipogenesis were observed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

Effect of surveillance on the number of hysterectomies in the province of Saskatchewan.

In 1972 the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan appointed a committee to study hysterectomies because the Saskatchewan Department of Health had data showing that the annual number of hysterectomies carried out in the province had increased by 72.1 per cent between 1964 and 1971, whereas the number of women over 15 years of age had increased by 7.6 per cent. The committee compiled a list of indications for hysterectomy. Any hysterectomy carried out for one of these reasons was classified as justified, and the remainder as unjustified. Five hospitals were reviewed in 1970 and a further two in 1973. In 1974, all seven hospitals were reviewed again. In these hospitals, the average proportion of unjustified hysterectomies had dropped from 23.7 per cent at the time of the first review to 7.8 per cent in 1974. The total number of hysterectomies in the province dropped by 32.8 per cent between 1970 and 1974.

Adolescent↗