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Biomedical subjects

E Olsen

Publications and source records attributed to E Olsen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning, occurrence, and expression of a novel partially secreted protein "psoriasin" that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin.

Analysis of the protein patterns of normal and psoriatic noncultured unfractionated keratinocytes has revealed several low-molecular-weight proteins that are highly up-regulated in psoriatic epidermis. Here, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA (clone 1085) for one of these proteins that we have termed psoriasin. The deduced sequence predicted a protein of molecular weight of 11,457 daltons and a pI of 6.77. The protein co-migrated with psoriasin as determined by two-dimensional (2D) gel analysis of [35S]-methionine-labeled proteins expressed by RK13 cells transfected with clone 1085 using the vaccinia virus expression system. Analysis of the predicted sequence revealed a potential calcium-binding sequence of the EF-hand type, as well as the absence of a signal sequence at its amino terminal. Psoriasin is not related to other proteins that migrate closely in 2D gels (MRP 14, also known as calgranulin B, L1 and calprotectin; MRP 8, or calgranulin A and cystatin A or stefin A), and bears no significant sequence homology with any other protein of known primary structure. Increased expression of psoriasin mRNA in psoriatic keratinocytes was confirmed by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. Psoriasin showed a restricted occurrence in fetal human tissues as determined by 2D gel electrophoresis. Of 21 tissues analyzed, only ear, skin, and tongue showed significant levels of this protein. Psoriasin was not detected in normal human fibroblasts, lymphocytes, endothelial cells and transformed epithelial cells of keratinocyte origin. Granulocyte extracts contained this protein suggesting that its overexpression by psoriatic keratinocytes may be linked to the inflammatory stimuli.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Assessment of exposure to organic solvents. Reading the label or the legally compulsory instructions for use are not enough].

A case history is quoted to illustrate the description of exposure to organic solvents and to illustrate the following points: 1) It is not possible to assess the degree of exposure qualitatively by registering of legally correctly written labels and instructions for use. 2) Quantitatively correct prescriptions of the products do not reflect the quantitative conditions of exposure and 3) Thermodynamic calculations which also consider how the individual components influence the rates of vaporization of one another can describe the conditions of exposure more precisely.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

Comprehensive two-dimensional gel protein databases offer a global approach to the analysis of human cells: the transformed amnion cells (AMA) master database and its link to genome DNA sequence data.

A total of 3430 polypeptides (2592 cellular; 838 secreted) from transformed human amnion cells (AMA) labeled with [35S]methionine were separated and recorded using computer-aided two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A master 2-D gel database of cellular protein information that includes both qualitative and quantitative annotations has been established. The protein numbers in this database differ from those reported in an earlier version (Celis et al. Leukemia 1988, 2,561-602) as a result of changes in the scanning hardware. The reported information includes: percentage of total radioactivity recovered from the gels (based on quantitations of polypeptides labeled with a mixture of 16 14C-amino acids), protein name (including credit to investigators that aided identification), antibody against protein, cellular localization, (nuclear, 40S hnRNP, 20S snRNP U5, proteasomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi, ribosomes, intermediate filaments, microfilaments and microtubules), levels in fetal human tissues, partial protein sequences (containing information on 48 human proteins microsequenced so far), cell cycle-regulated proteins, proteins sensitive to interferons alpha, beta, and gamma, heat shock proteins, annexins and phosphorylated proteins. The results presented should be considered as the initial phase of a joint effort between our laboratories to undertake a general and systematic analysis of human proteins. Using this integrated approach it will be possible to identify phenotype-specific proteins, to microsequence them and store the information in the database, to identify the corresponding genes, to search for homology with previously characterized proteins and to study the function of groups of proteins (pathways, organelles, etc.) that exhibit interesting regulatory properties. In particular, the 2-D gel protein database may become increasingly important in view of the concerted effort to map and sequence the entire human genome.

Amnion↗
PubMed1990

The MRC-5 human embryonal lung fibroblast two-dimensional gel cellular protein database: quantitative identification of polypeptides whose relative abundance differs between quiescent, proliferating and SV40 transformed cells.

A new version of the MRC-5 two-dimensional gel cellular protein database (Celis et al., Electrophoresis 1989, 10, 76-115) is presented. Gels were scanned with a Molecular Dynamics laser scanner and processed by the PDQUEST II software. A total of 1895 [35S]methionine-labeled cellular polypeptides (1323 with isoelectric focusing and 572 with nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis) are recorded in this database, containing quantitative and qualitative data on the relative abundance of cellular proteins synthesized by quiescent, proliferating and SV40 transformed MRC-5 fibroblasts. Of the 592 proteins quantitated so far, the levels of 138 were up- or down-regulated (51 and 87, respectively) by two times or more in the transformed cells as compared to their normal proliferating counterparts, while only 14 behaved similarly in quiescent cells. Seven MRC-5 SV40 proteins, including plastin and two interferon-induced proteins, were not detected in the master MRC-5 images. The identity of 36 of the transformation-sensitive proteins whose levels are up or down regulated by two times or more was determined and additional information can be transferred from the master transformed human epithelial amnion cells (AMA) database (Celis et al., Electrophoresis 1990, 11, 989-1071) for those polypeptides of known and unknown identity that have been matched to AMA polypeptides. As more information is gathered in this and other laboratories, including data on oncogene proteins and transcription factors, this comprehensive database will outline an integrated picture of the expression levels and properties of the thousands of protein components of organelles, pathways and cytoskeletal systems that may be directly or indirectly involved in properties associated with the transformed state.

Cell Transformation, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Exposure to organic solvents--I. A survey on the use of solvents.

Organic solvent neurotoxicity is a serious occupational health problem in Denmark. To obtain a precise description of the use of solvents, a questionnaire investigation of a random sample of 1000 companies was made. Information about 2000 liquid products, in particular various kinds of degreasers, paints and lacquers, was collected. Approximately two-thirds of all products contained more than 1% of organic solvents, and of these two-thirds contained more than 20%. A total of 93 different solvents were used, ethanol, industrial gasoline, toluene, isopropyl alcohol and acetone being the commonest. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are not often used now, owing to the replacement of organic solvent-based products by water-based products.

Denmark↗
PubMed1990

Exposure to organic solvents--II. An exposure epidemiology study.

The recognition of the 'solvent syndrome' as an occupational disease in Denmark has created a need for mapping the exposure to organic solvents. Exposure levels to organic solvents were measured at 372 representative processes in Danish manufacturing and service industries. Half of the results calculated as sigma(Ci/TLVi) were below 0.25, a quarter between 0.25 and 1, and a quarter above 1. The printing and chemical industries were found to have higher exposure levels than other industries. The commonest processes had the highest exposure levels. A comparison of exposure to organic solvents and incidence of cases recorded as suffering from 'solvent syndrome' in different industries, shows that a causal relationship cannot be disproved by the present findings.

Denmark↗
PubMed1990

Electrical control of gastric emptying in denervated and reinnervated canine stomach: a pilot study.

Gastric emptying of solids is abnormally slow after vagotomy. To determine whether it was possible to accelerate emptying by electrical stimulation either of the gastric wall directly or of a "foreign" nerve brought in to reinnervate the stomach, eight dogs underwent truncal vagotomy (TV); five of the dogs received intercostal nerve muscle pedicle (NMP) implants. Gastric atony was demonstrated postoperatively in all animals up to 4 months later by means of radiological contrast studies. After allowing time for neurotization to occur (mean 78 days), the cervical vagi were stimulated to confirm that TV was complete. Gastric peristalsis, intraluminal pressures, and emptying were assessed during stimulation of the NMPs and of the gastric wall, followed by sacrifice for histologic study. Neither reinnervation alone nor stimulation of the NMPs improved emptying. Although viable somatic nerve was found in the gastric wall, nerve sprouting was not. By contrast, stimulation of the gastric wall with trains of pulses (20 Hz, 2-10 ms, 2-5 mA) evoked peristalsis in all animals. We conclude that somatic nerve tissue cannot produce functional reinnervation of a visceral organ; however, direct muscular stimulation can accelerate gastric emptying after TV.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1990

Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding an IgE-binding protein from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) pollen.

We reported previously on the isolation and characterization of several allergens from Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) (Poa pratensis L.) pollen with the aid of the corresponding murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). In the present study, (1) an analysis of various tissues of this grass revealed that the allergenic components recognized by these Mabs were confined to the pollen; (2) intact translatable mRNA was isolated from the KBG pollen, and (3) a cDNA library was constructed with this mRNA in the lambda gt11 expression vector. Screening of this library with a pool of six sera from KBG-allergic patients, in combination with enzyme-labeled antibodies to human IgE, led to the isolation of a cDNA clone, referred to as KBG7.2. The nick-translated cDNA probe of KBG7.2 hybridized to a 1.5-kbp RNA transcript from KBG pollen. Moreover, transcripts corresponding to KBG7.2 were found in pollens of eight other grasses, indicating that the proteins similar to the one encoded by this cDNA may be present in these grasses. The nucleotide sequence of KBG7.2 was determined; interestingly, the corresponding derived amino acid sequence did not match any other sequence recorded in the protein data banks. The peptide encoded by KBG7.2 was expressed as a fusion protein utilizing the plasmid vector pWR590.1. Whereas none of the above allergen-specific Mabs bound to the fusion protein, all the 15 individual sera from grass pollen allergic patients recognized the fusion protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Beyond positive thinking.

Fast-paced change and turmoil can make us lose sight of the power of positive thinking. Eric Olsen's two briefs illustrate characteristics of executives who became healthier in chaotic times and how the mind can be trained for success.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Electrical pulse train and single pulse stimulation of the small intestine: acute and chronic studies in the dog.

In vitro tests have shown that electric currents may lead either to relaxation or contraction of the bowel wall. Because voluntary changes of the intestinal motility could be useful in the treatment of intestinal disorders, we investigated the reactions elicited by electrostimulation of the small intestine in the intact animal. Stimulating electrodes, electroenteromyogram electrodes, and pressure monitoring tubes were used to instrument a 5-cm segment of the proximal jejunum in five dogs in acute studies and in two dogs in chronic studies. Single pulses of 200 ms elicited a pulsatile pressure increase of 10-35 mm Hg. Pulse train stimulation was followed by a more complex reaction. Trains of 500-microseconds, 910-Hz pulses at 30 mA evoked a 50-80 mm Hg pressure increase, 1-ms, 10-Hz trains caused an initial relaxation, followed by a pressure increase during stimulation and a further pressure increase after termination of the burst. These reactions were similar to those observed by Campbell working with colon in vitro. The chronic fasted animals reacted to 500 microseconds, 910-Hz, 25-mA stimulation with a mean pressure increase of 26 mm Hg (n = 10) and to 200-microseconds, 1.67-kHz, 30 mA stimulation with 28 mm Hg (n = 16). In the fasted animals a pressure increase during stimulation predominated (Campbell type I), whereas in the fed animal an additional off response after termination of the stimulation was the most common type of reaction (Campbell type II). Initial relaxation (Campbell type III) could be elicited by 1-ms, 10-Hz trains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Topical methotrexate therapy for psoriasis.

In vitro percutaneous penetration of methotrexate is enhanced with 1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one (laurocapram [Azone]). Laurocapram-containing methotrexate formulations provide effective local inhibition of epidermal DNA synthesis in the in vivo hairless mouse and minipig models, providing the biochemical rationale for topical use in the treatment of psoriasis. Topical methotrexate (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) in a laurocapram-containing formulation was tested in a two-center double-blind pilot clinical study of 42 patients with plaque psoriasis. Drugs were applied twice a day for six weeks, and lesions were scored weekly for erythema, scale, and elevation. An overall improvement of 50% or more in the combined scores for erythema, scale, and elevation was obtained with 0.1% methotrexate (64% of patients), 0.5% methotrexate (59%), and 1% methotrexate (56%) vs the vehicle alone (25%). These preliminary findings suggest that methotrexate preparations that provide adequate percutaneous absorption may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of psoriasis.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Voluntary control of an ileal pouch by coordinated electrical stimulation. A pilot study in the dog.

Ileal reservoirs were constructed in four dogs under general anesthesia and stimulated by means of a constant current generator that produced pulse trains at frequencies between 6 Hz and 1.67 kHz. Stimulation at 6 Hz with 50 ms pulses between amplitudes of 15 and 25 mA uniformly produced pouch contraction and reservoir emptying. Stimulation at other frequencies did not cause pouch emptying although pressure increases were sometimes observed. Such electrical stimulation may be useful for voluntary control of intestinal reservoirs when used as replacement for urinary bladder or colon. The mechanism by which the intestinal contraction is produced appears to be different than that produced by slow wave pacing.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1988

Visit characteristics of 217 children attending a chiropractic college teaching clinic.

The visit characteristics of 217 children attending a chiropractic teaching clinic are described. Forty-two percent suffered from musculoskeletal complaints, 20% from nonmusculoskeletal complaints and 33% attended the clinic for general physical examination. Patients who were members of the immediate family of a student intern were more likely to attend the clinic for general physical examination or for nonmusculoskeletal complaints. Previous experience with chiropractic was unrelated to the type of complaint, and, among children who had sought previous care for their presenting complaint from some other source, they were as likely to have seen a chiropractor as a medical doctor, regardless of the nature of their complaint. The study concludes that the characteristics of this patient group may be unique to the teaching clinic, reflecting a system in which friends and family are often recruited as patients. These patients might be more likely to view chiropractic care as a primary health care service.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Aggregation of complement receptors on human neutrophils in the absence of ligand.

C3bi receptors (CR3) on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) bind ligand-coated particles and promote their ingestion. The binding activity of CR3 is not constitutive but is transiently enabled by phorbol esters (Wright, S. D., and B. D. Meyer, 1986, J. Immunol. 136:1759-1764). Our observations indicate that the capacity of CR3 to bind ligand is tightly correlated with the degree of ligand-independent aggregation of the receptor in the plane of the membrane. Fixed PMN were labeled with anti-CR3 monoclonal antibodies and streptavidin colloidal gold before viewing in the electron microscope either en face or in thin section. On unstimulated PMN, gold particles marking CR3 were dispersed randomly. Stimulation of PMN for 25 min with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) dramatically enhances binding of C3bi-coated particles, and the CR3 on such stimulated cells was observed in clusters containing more than six gold particles. CR3 was not aggregated over coated pits. After 50 min in PMA, the binding activity of CR3 falls, and the distribution of CR3 was again observed to be disperse. If a hydrophilic phorbol ester was washed away after a 20-min stimulation, binding activity remains elevated for at least 50 min, and CR3 remained aggregated. Thus, clustering of CR3 was temporally correlated with its ability to bind ligand and initiate phagocytosis. Unlike CR3, Fc receptors and HLA did not exhibit changes in their aggregation state in response to PMA. Treating PMN with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, which enhances expression of CR3 but not its function, did not lead to aggregation of CR3. These observations suggest that a clustered configuration is a precondition necessary for binding ligand and signaling phagocytosis.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of two antibiotic regimens for neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) regularly includes broad-spectrum antibiotics but there has been no comparative study of alternative regimens. We have studied 90 infants with definite NEC; 46 cases in 1982-3 were treated with ampicillin and gentamicin, while 44 cases in 1984-5 received cefotaxime and vancomycin. Groups were well matched and managed uniformly. Infants greater than or equal to 2200 g birthweight did well with either regimen. Smaller infants given cefotaxime and vancomycin had a lower risk of culture-positive peritonitis (P = 0.01), and as a result, were less likely to die (P = 0.048) or develop thrombocytopenia (P = 0.004). The better outcome might be explained by the greater suppression by cefotaxime and vancomycin of the gut flora of treated patients (P less than 0.001). Both regimens were well-tolerated. Our data suggest that carefully chosen antibiotic regimens can improve the outcome of NEC.

Ampicillin↗