[Fundamental study on development of a totally implantable assist heart system].
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Electricity↗
Biomedical subjects
E Okamoto
Publications and source records attributed to E Okamoto.
[XYY syndrome: report of three cases].
Three cases of XYY syndrome (YY syndrome) were experienced. Two cases had such rare associated anomalies as hypospadias and cryptorchism. Pathogenesis, incidence, clinical symptoms, gonadal function and fertility of the patients with XYY syndrome are briefly discussed.
Child↗
Changes in concentration of human atrial natriuretic peptide in normal pregnancy and toxaemia.
Changes in concentration of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) in normal and toxaemic pregnancy were examined. The maternal plasma concentration of hANP increased gradually during normal pregnancy to a maximum of 20.0 +/- 2.4 pmol/l (mean +/- S.E.M.) after week 36 of pregnancy. From week 20, the plasma concentrations of hANP were significantly higher than those in non-pregnant women (9.3 +/- 2.0 pmol/l). In toxaemia with hypertension, maternal plasma hANP levels were increased after week 26 of pregnancy (37.7 +/- 6.0 pmol/l) compared with those in normal gravida at the same time (17.1 +/- 1.6 pmol/l). Maternal plasma hANP levels in toxaemia only with oedema were not different from those in normal gravida.
Adult↗
[The effects of elementary diet for long term treatment on the serum lipids, serum apolipoproteins, blood lipoproteins, blood polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood coagulation-fibrinolysis system].
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Adult↗
[Clinical experience of a subcutaneously implantable drug delivery catheter (PORT-A-CATH)].
A drug delivery catheter system with subcutaneously implantable port, PORT-A-CATH, was applied for intra-arterial, intravenous and intraperitoneal chemotherapy and hyperalimentation in treating 99 cancer patients. The average implantation period was 135.1 days and this system was applied for more than one year in 5 cases. Any troubles due to port or catheter materials were not observed during the study. Catheter occlusion occurred in 11 cases infection in 7 (catheter-related infection 4, pocket infection 3), and skin necrosis in 4. This system was proved useful to reduce the risk of infection and enabled easy and safe long-term repeated administration, compared to the catheters with external end. Intra-arterial chemotherapy became possible to the outpatients with the use of this system, which seemed to contribute for the improvement of quality of life of the patients.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
Protein quality in feeding low birth weight infants: a comparison of whey-predominant versus casein-predominant formulas.
Growth (delta weight, delta length, delta head circumference, and delta skinfold thickness), nitrogen retention, and chemical indices of metabolic tolerance (BUN concentration and acid-base status; plasma amino acid concentrations including free and bound cyst(e)ine; urinary excretion of sulfur amino acids) were determined serially in low birth weight infants (900 to 1,750 g) fed formulas differing only in protein quality. One contained unmodified bovine milk protein (a ratio of whey proteins to caseins of 18:82); the other contained modified bovine milk protein (a ratio of whey proteins to caseins of 60:40). Both provided protein and energy intakes, respectively, of approximately 3.4 g/kg/d and 120 kcal/kg/d. Neither weight gain nor the rate of increase in length, head circumference, and skinfold thickness differed between the two groups. Nitrogen retention of the two groups also did not differ. Although BUN concentration and blood acid-base status did not differ, there were differences in the plasma concentrations of some amino acids. Plasma tyrosine concentration was higher in infants fed the casein-predominant protein, and plasma threonine concentration was higher in infants fed the whey-predominant protein. Neither plasma-free nor bound cyst(e)ine concentration differed between the two groups, but the greater cyst(e)ine intake of the whey-predominant group resulted in greater cyst(e)ine retention; this was accompanied by greater urinary taurine excretion, a reflection of greater taurine stores.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
[Clinico-pathological study of uterine papillary serous carcinoma].
Eight cases of uterine papillary serous carcinoma were studied clinicopathologically. Postoperatively, four were stage I and four were stage III. Operations combined with radiation and chemotherapy were performed on the stage I cases. Three of them died within one year, and the other one died 3 years and 7 months after treatment. The prognosis was extremely poor even in stage. I. UPSC is histologically similar to ovarian serous carcinoma and is characterized by a papillary architecture supported by a fibrovascular stalk and a lining epithelium of single or stratified atypical cuboidal epithelium. Psammoma bodies were found in 3 out of the 8 cases.
Aged↗
[Obstruction of the inferior vena cava at the hepatic portion--surgical management and prognosis of 11 cases].
Eleven patients with obstruction of the inferior vena cava at the hepatic portion were reviewed. In these patients, 7 had membranous obstruction and underwent balloon membranotomy. Pressure gradient between inferior vena cava and right atrium was 13.1 +/- 5.1 mmHg (mean +/- S.D.) and after membranotomy, this fell down to 7.0 +/- 1.9 mmHg. Four patients had long segmental obstruction, and cavoatrial bypass grafting with 16 mm ring reinforced Expanded-Polytetrafluoroethylene graft in 3 and bidirectional digital-instrumental membranotomy in one, were done, respectively. In 2 of 7 patients with membranous obstruction, transcardiac membranotomy was followed. These 3 procedures were so effective that pressure gradient between inferior vena cava and right atrium was 11.7 +/- 3.4 mmHg preoperatively, and after operation, this fell down to 1.7 +/- 0.7 mmHg. During the follow-up period from 8 months to 9 years (mean 4 years and one month), all patients are alive with remarkable improvement of clinical symptoms and signs. It is concluded that balloon membranotomy for membranous obstruction and cavoatrial bypass grafting for long segmental obstruction of the inferior vena cava at the hepatic portion would be recommended.
Adolescent↗
[Antitumor effects of high-dose cisplatin in hypertonic saline against human ovarian tumors heterotransplanted in nude mice].
To overcome the dose limiting toxicity of cisplatin we administered high-dose (12 mg/kg) cisplatin together with hypertonic (3%) saline to tumor-bearing nude mice three times at four day intervals. The heterotransplanted human ovarian tumors consisted of a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (designated as OVA-1), a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (OVA-2), an endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OVA-3) and three yolk sac tumors (YST-1,-2,-3). The mean volumes of the tumors in animals treated with a standard dose 6 mg/kg of cisplatin in 0.9% NaCl or 12 mg/kg of cisplatin in 3% NaCl were, as a percentage of the mean tumor volume in untreated animals: 51 and 26 for OVA-1, 28 and 15 for OVA-2, 11 and 7 for OVA-3, 7 and 14 for YST-1, 3 and 12 for YST-2, and 11 and 10 for YST-3, respectively. The most interesting result was that a high dose (12 mg/kg) of cisplatin succeeded in producing a strong antitumor effect on mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (OVA-1), which was resistant to standard dose cisplatin (6 mg/kg). A comparison of the body weight of tumor-bearing nude mice before and on Day 30 of treatment did not show any appreciable treatment-related changes.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Plasma exchange therapy for endotoxin shock in puppies.
The efficacy of plasma exchange (PE) therapy for endotoxin (ET) shock has not been evaluated. The following experimental study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of PE in infants and children and determine the efficacy as a therapeutic modality for ET shock. A compact circuit for PE designed for this experiment consists of two pumps and a membrane plasma separator for a venovenous extracorporeal circulation with the limited prime volume of 100 mL. The capacity of this device for PE was tested. When a membrane separator of 0.3 m2 in surface area was used, a plasma flux of 5 to 13 mL/min was satisfactorily obtained with the blood flow rate of 25 to 40 mL/min, which was taken through centrally placed catheters of 18 gauge or larger. Transmembrane pressure was maintained in a safe range (0 to 50 mm Hg) in the first 90 minutes, during which time a PE of 100 mL/kg was completed with a sieving coefficient greater than 0.8. In 14 puppies (1.8 to 3.5 kg), a shock state was produced by infusion of ET (Escherichia coli, 055:B5). Eight puppies were resuscitated simply with lactated Ringer's solution and bicarbonate. Six puppies were treated with PE using 100 mL/kg of fresh-frozen plasma prepared from adult dogs. A significant decrease in the mean blood pressure, platelet and leukocyte counts, total protein, and CH50 was documented in all animals after ET administration. Seven of eight control animals died within 24 hours of post-ET infusion. All of the six PE-treated animals survived for 48 hours or longer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Electrophysiological and pharmacological study on innervation of the aganglionic colon in Hirschsprung's disease of human and murine model.
A true role of extrinsic nerve fibres proliferating abundantly in the aganglionic colon of Hirschsprung's disease has not yet been established. Electrophysiological and pharmacological studies were carried out on rectal muscle strips of piebald lethal mice and their siblings. Muscle strips of both aganglionic and normal colon obtained from fifteen patients with Hirschsprung's disease were also investigated for the purpose of determining whether these extrinsic nerve fibres innervate the smooth muscle cells in the aganglionic colon or not. Junction potentials and contractile tensions evoked by electric stimulations were recorded employing the double-sucrose gap method, and examined the effects of nerve blocking agents on junction potentials. In the normal colon, excitatory junction potentials and inhibitory junction potentials were recorded following stimulation in both man and mouse. Excitatory junction potentials were accompanied by muscle contraction and abolished by atropine or tetrodotoxin. Inhibitory junction potentials were resistant to phentolamine and propranolol, and abolished by tetrodotoxin. It was concluded that the normal colon of both mouse and man is innervated by cholinergic excitatory and non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves. In the aganglionic colon, on the other hand, neither junction potentials nor contractions were evoked by stimulations in both mouse and man. These evidences led to the conclusion that in the aganglionic colon in Hirschsprung's disease of man and murine model, there may be a deficiency in neuronal regulation.
Adolescent↗
Hepatocellular carcinoma: combined hepatic, arterial, and portal venous embolization.
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an effective means of treating primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, in many cases of HCC the tumor recurs after treatment. In an attempt to obtain complete tumor necrosis, the authors studied the clinical and histologic effect of simultaneous embolization of both the hepatic artery and portal vein in ten patients with HCC. In those cases in which combined embolization caused infarction, tumor cells in the main tumor, tumor cells that had invaded the tumor capsule, and small intrahepatic metastases had become totally necrotic following treatment. No viable tumor cells were detected in four patients who subsequently underwent operations; nor were viable tumor cells present in one other patient who later died as a result of a perforated duodenal ulcer. Five patients who did not subsequently undergo operations were still free of the disease 2-17 months after combined arterial and portal embolization. The impact of combined embolization on liver function was nearly the same as that produced when TAE was performed alone. Combined embolization may be a viable alternative to hepatectomy for the treatment of HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Cytogenetic and clinicopathologic studies of partial moles.
Fifty-six partial moles from 55 patients were karyotyped and analyzed clinicopathologically. Forty-seven were triploid and nine diploid. Triploid partial moles were characterized histologically by focal mild-to-moderate trophoblastic hyperplasia with stromal trophoblastic inclusion. Diploid partial moles lacked marked trophoblastic hyperplasia and stromal trophoblastic inclusions. Four of the nine diploid moles were analyzed for chromosome heteromorphisms, enzyme polymorphisms, and histocompatibility leukocyte antigen specificities to determine their origin, and two were found to be normal. In the follow-up study, none of the partial moles developed into invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. These results indicate that most partial moles are triploid but a minority are normal diploid; regardless of the karyotype, however, partial moles do not have a high propensity for malignancy.
Chorionic Villi↗
[The determination of thymidylate synthetase inhibition for testing fluoropyrimidines--pharmacokinetics and metabolism of carmofur (HCFU) in patients with gynecologic malignancies--Tokai HCFU Study Group for Gynecologic Malignancies].
The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of carmofur (HCFU) were studied. Sixty-six patients were administered 100 mg of HCFU orally, and the plasma levels of the HCFU fraction (HCFUf) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) were determined at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours. The average half-life of HCFUf and 5-FUra were 1.05 and 1.31 hours, and the average areas under the curves (AUC) of the plasma concentration were 6.51 hr X mcg/ml and 0.46 hr X mcg/ml, respectively. Surgical specimens of the tumors were obtained about three hours after the administration and assayed for HCFUf. 5-FUra fluorodeoxyuridine-monophosphate (FdUMP), deoxyuridine-monophosphate (dUMP), total thymidylate synthetase (TS total), and non-FdUMP-bound free enzyme (TS free). The TS inhibition rate (IR) was calculated by the follow method: IR = (TS total-TS free)/TS total X 100 levels of the TS total varied from not-detected (less than 0.10 pmol/g) to 20.5 pmol/g. The average FdUMP: dUMP ratio was 3.44 X 10(3), However, more than 80% inhibitions of TS were observed in nine cases (21.4%). The correlation indicates between TS IR and tissue FdUMP level or FdUMP: dUMP ratio were 0.57 and 0.62 in ovarian malignancies respectively. No significant correlations were observed between TS inhibition and levels of tissue 5-FUra or AUC of 5-FUra.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Pathology of shock accompanying endoscopic embolization of esophageal varices using thrombin].
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Blood Gas Analysis↗
Origin of immature teratoma of the ovary.
Six cases of immature teratoma of the ovary were karyotyped and analyzed for chromosomal heteromorphisms, enzyme polymorphisms, and HLA specificities to determine their mechanism of origin. Three cases were chromosomally abnormal, with karyotypes of 48,XX, +14, +21; 47,XX, +20; and 47,XXX, respectively. The tumors with 48,XX, +14, +21 and 47,XX, +20 karyotypes were heterozygous for chromosomal heteromorphisms which were identical to those of their host and therefore originated from a premeiotic cell or failure of meiosis I. Both had a poor prognosis. The 47,XXX tumor and the three cases with normal karyotypes were homozygous for chromosome heteromorphisms and either homozygous or heterozygous for enzyme and HLA markers and therefore originated from a failure of meiosis II or duplication of a mature haploid ovum. All four had an uneventful postoperative course. These observations show that immature teratomas are like cystic teratomas in having at least three separate mechanisms of origin. However, they are unlike cystic teratomas in having a high proportion with chromosome abnormalities and a high rate of malignant transformation.
Adult↗
Pathological evaluation of hepatic dearterialization in encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma.
Specimens of encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma from 48 patients who had received no previous treatment and from six patients previously treated by hepatic arterial interruption by embolization or ligation were obtained by resection and examined for incidence and extent of necrosis of the tumor. Among the 48 specimens from the non-pre-treated patients, 25 tumors were smaller than 5 cm and showed no notable necrosis; of the 23 remaining tumors--which were larger than 5 cm--12 (52%) showed spontaneous central necrosis. The necrosis rate of the tumor ranged from 10% to 40%. In contrast, in six specimens from pretreated cases, more than 60% of the tumors were found to be necrotic. Two tumors smaller than 5 cm were completely necrotized by embolization. The findings indicated the significance of hepatic dearterialization for the management of encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma. Daughter nodules, however, were found to have escaped necrosis.
Adult↗
Biosynthesis of various types of collagen by human hepatoma cells in vitro.
A cloned human hepatoma cell line (HH2-1) produced and formed collagen fibers in vitro. The relative rate of collagen synthesis by the cells was increased with an enhancement of the cell density. An analysis of the components of the collagen using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the cells synthesized interstitial collagen, types I and III, and other collagenous proteins. Thus, human hepatoma cells may play an important role in the formation of stromal collagen in the tumor.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗